We provide a new characterization of homogeneous Besov and Sobolev spaces in Carnot groups using the fractional heat kernel and Poisson kernel. We apply our results to study commutators involving fractional powers of the sub-Laplacian.
In this article we define a class of fractional Orlicz-Sobolev spaces on Carnot groups and, in the spirit of the celebrated results of Bourgain-Brezis-Mironescu and of Maz'ya-Shaposhnikova, we study the asymptotic behavior of the Orlicz functionals when the fractional parameter goes to $1$ and $0$.
In this paper we prove an invariant Harnack inequality on Carnot-Carathéodory balls for fractional powers of sub-Laplacians in Carnot groups. The proof relies on an "abstract" formulation of a technique recently introduced by Caffarelli and Silvestre. In addition, we write explicitly the Poisson kernel for a class of degenerate subelliptic equations in product-type Carnot groups.
In this manuscript, we provide a point-wise estimate for the $3$-commutators involving fractional powers of the sub-Laplacian on Carnot groups of homogeneous dimension $Q$. This can be seen as a fractional Leibniz rule in the sub-elliptic setting. As a corollary of the point-wise estimate, we provide an $(L^{p},L^{q})\to L^{r}$ estimate for the commutator, provided that $\frac{1}{r}=\frac{1}{p}+\frac{1}{q}-\fracα{Q}$.
In this paper we study the asymptotic behavior of solutions to the subelliptic $p$-Poisson equation as $p\to +\infty$ in Carnot Carathéodory spaces. In particular, introducing a suitable notion of differentiability, we extend the celebrated result of Bhattacharya, DiBenedetto and Manfredi [Rend. Sem. Mat. Univ. Politec. Torino, 1989, Special Issue, 15-68] and we prove that limits of such solutions solve in the sense of viscosity a hybrid first and second order PDE involving the $\infty-$Laplacian and the Eikonal equation.
In this paper we prove Schauder estimates at the boundary for sub-Laplacian type operators in Carnot groups. While internal Schauder estimates have been deeply studied, up to now subriemannian estimates at the boundary are known only in the Heisenberg groups. The proof of these estimates in the Heisenberg setting, due to Jerison, is based on the Fourier transform technique and can not be repeated in general Lie groups. After the result of Jerison no new contribution to the boundary problem has been provided. In this paper we introduce a new approach, which allows to built a Poisson kernel star…
This paper is devoted to study the existence and multiplicity solutions for the nonlinear Schrödinger-Poisson systems involving fractional Laplacian operator: \begin{equation}\label{eq*} \left\{ \aligned &(-Δ)^{s} u+V(x)u+ ϕu=f(x,u), \quad &\text{in }\mathbb{R}^3, &(-Δ)^{t} ϕ=u^2, \quad &\text{in }\mathbb{R}^3, \endaligned \right. \end{equation} where $(-Δ)^α$ stands for the fractional Laplacian of order $α\in (0\,,\,1)$. Under certain assumptions on $V$ and $f$, we obtain infinitely many high energy solutions for \eqref{eq*} without assuming the Ambrosetti-Rabinowitz condition by using the fo…
In this paper we investigate the existence of positive solutions and ground state solution for a class of fractional Schrödinger-Poisson equations in $\mathbb R^3$ with general nonlinearities.
We prove the existence of non-trivial solutions for a fractional Schr$\ddot{o}$dinger-Poisson equation in $\mathbb{R}^{3}$. The proof is based on the perturbation method and the mountain pass theorem.
We establish new quantitative estimates for localized finite differences of solutions to the Poisson problem for the fractional Laplace operator with homogeneous Dirichlet conditions of solid type settled in bounded domains satisfying the Lipschitz cone regularity condition. We then apply these estimates to obtain (i)~regularity results for solutions of fractional Poisson problems in Besov spaces; (ii)~quantitative stability estimates for solutions of fractional Poisson problems with respect to domain perturbations; (iii)~quantitative stability estimates for eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of f…
We consider a fractional Schrödinger-Poisson system with a general nonlinearity in subcritical and critical case. The Ambrosetti-Rabinowitz condition is not required. By using a perturbation approach, we prove the existence of positive solutions. Moreover, we study the asymptotics of solutions for a vanishing parameter.
The self-similar asymptotics for solutions to the drift-diffusion equation with fractional dissipation, coupled to the Poisson equation, is analyzed in the whole space. It is shown that in the subcritical and supercritical cases, the solutions converge to the fractional heat kernel with algebraic rate. The proof is based on the entropy method and leads to a decay rate in the $L^1(\mathbb{R}^d)$ norm. The technique is applied to other semilinear equations with fractional dissipation.
We consider a fractional Schrödinger-Poisson system in the whole space $\mathbb R^{N}$ in presence of a positive potential and depending on a small positive parameter $\varepsilon.$ We show that, for suitably small $\varepsilon$ (i.e. in the "semiclassical limit") the number of positive solutions is estimated below by the Ljusternick-Schnirelmann category of the set of minima of the potential.
In this paper, we study the existence of infinitely many weak solutions to a fractional Kirchhoff-Schrödinger-Poisson system involving the weak singularity, i.e. when $0<γ<1$. Further, we obtain the existence of a solution with the strong singularity, i.e. when $γ>1$. We employ variational techniques to prove the existence and multiplicity results. Moreover, a $L^{\infty}$ estimate is obtained by using the Moser iteration method.
We study the compactness properties of metrics of prescribed fractional $Q$-curvature of order $3$ in $\R^3$. We will use an approach inspired from conformal geometry, seeing a metric on a subset of $\R^3$ as the restriction of a metric on $\R^4_+$ with vanishing fourth-order $Q$-curvature. We will show that a sequence of such metrics with uniformly bounded fractional $Q$-curvature can blow up on a large set (roughly, the zero set of the trace of a nonpositive biharmonic function $Φ$ in $\R^4_+$), in analogy with a $4$-dimensional result of Adimurthi-Robert-Struwe, and construct examples of su…
In this paper, we study the existence of multiple positive solutions for a class of fractional Schrödinger-Poisson systems involving sign-changing potential and critical nonlinearities on an unbounded domain. With the help of Nehari manifold and Ljusternik-Schnirelmann category, we investigate how the coefficient $g(x)$ of the critical nonlinearity affects the number of positive solutions. Moreover, we present a novel relationship between the number of positive solutions and the category of the global maximum set of $g(x)$.
In this paper, we analyze the $s$-dependence of the solution $u_s$ to the fractional Poisson equation $(-Δ)^s_Ω = f$ in an open bounded set $Ω\subset \mathbb{R}^N$. Precisely, we show that the solution map $(0,1)\to L^2(Ω)$, $s\mapsto u_s$ is continuously differentiable. Moreover, when $f = λ_s u_s$, we also analyze the one-sided differentiability of the first nontrivial eigenvalue of $(-Δ)^s_Ω$ regarded as a function of $s \in (0,1)$.
In this paper, we study the following fractional Schrödinger-Poisson system \begin{equation*} \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} \varepsilon^{2s}(-Δ)^su+V(x)u+ϕu=g(u) & \hbox{in $\mathbb{R}^3$,} \varepsilon^{2t}(-Δ)^tϕ=u^2,\,\, u>0& \hbox{in $\mathbb{R}^3$,} \end{array} \right. \end{equation*} where $s,t\in(0,1)$, $\varepsilon>0$ is a small parameter. Under some local assumptions on $V(x)$ and suitable assumptions on the nonlinearity $g$, we construct a family of positive solutions $u_{\varepsilon}\in H_{\varepsilon}$ which concentrates around the global minima of $V(x)$ as $\varepsilon\rightarrow0$.
In this paper, we study the fractional Schrödinger-Poisson equation \begin{equation*} \ \left\{\begin{aligned} &(-Δ)^{s}u+V(x)u+K(x)ϕu=|u|^{2^{\ast}_{s}-2}u, &\mbox{in} \ \mathbb{R}^{3},\\ &(-Δ)^{s}ϕ=K(x)u^{2},&\mbox{in} \ \mathbb{R}^{3}, \end{aligned}\right. \end{equation*} where $s\in (\frac{3}{4},1]$, $2^{\ast}_{s}=\frac{6}{3-2s}$ is the fractional critical exponent, $K\in L^{\frac{6}{6s-3}}(\mathbb{R}^{3})$ and $V\in L^{\frac{3}{2s}}(\mathbb{R}^{3})$ are nonnegative functions. If $\|V\|_{\frac{3}{2s}}+\|K\|_{\frac{6}{6s-3}}$ is sufficiently small, we prove that the equation has at least on…
In this paper, we study the following fractional Schrödinger-Poisson system \begin{equation*} \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} \varepsilon^{2s}(-Δ)^su+V(x)u+ϕu=g(u) & \hbox{in $\mathbb{R}^3$,} \varepsilon^{2t}(-Δ)^tϕ=u^2,\,\, u>0& \hbox{in $\mathbb{R}^3$,} \end{array} \right. \end{equation*} where $s,t\in(0,1)$, $\varepsilon>0$ is a small parameter. Under some suitable assumptions on potential function $V(x)$ and critical nonlinearity term $g(u)$, we construct a family of positive solutions $u_{\varepsilon}\in H^s(\mathbb{R}^3)$ which concentrates around the global minima of $V$ as $\varepsilon\right…
In this paper we study local and global well-posedness of the following Cauchy problem: $$ \bigg \{ \begin{array}{rl} i\partial_tΨ+\frac{1}{2}Δ_{x}Ψ= A_0Ψ+α|Ψ|^{γ-1}Ψ, & (t,x)\in\R\times\R,\\ (-Δ_{x})^{σ/2}A_0= |Ψ|^2, & \\ Ψ(0,\cdot)=f, & \end{array} $$ with $σ\in(0,1)$, $α=\pm 1$, $1<γ\leq 5$, in the spaces $L^2(\mathbf{R})$ and $H^1(\mathbf{R})$.
In this paper we will establish different weighted Poincaré inequalities with variable exponents on Carnot-Carathéodory spaces or Carnot groups. We will use different techniques to obtain these inequalities. For vector fields satisfying Hörmander's condition in variable non-isotropic Sobolev spaces, we consider a weight in the variable Muckenhoupt class $% A_{p(\cdot ),p^{\ast }(\cdot )}$, where the exponent $p(\cdot )$ satisfies appropriate hypotheses, and in this case we obtain the first order weighted Poincaré inequalities with variable exponents. In the case of Carnot groups we also set up…
In this paper, we study existence and uniqueness of strong as well as weak solutions for general time fractional Poisson equations. We show that there is an integral representation of the solutions of time fractional Poisson equations with zero initial values in terms of semigroup for the infinitesimal spatial generator ${\cal L}$ and the corresponding subordinator associated with the time fractional derivative. This integral representation has an integral kernel $q(t, x, y)$, which we call the fundamental solution for the time fractional Poisson equation, if the semigrou for ${\cal L}$ has an…
This paper is devoted to the study of fractional Schrödinger-Poisson type equations with magnetic field of the type \begin{equation*} \varepsilon^{2s}(-Δ)_{A/\varepsilon}^{s}u+V(x)u+\varepsilon^{-2t}(|x|^{2t-3}*|u|^{2})u=f(|u|^{2})u \quad \mbox{ in } \mathbb{R}^{3}, \end{equation*} where $\varepsilon>0$ is a parameter, $s,t\in (0, 1)$ are such that $2s+2t>3$, $A:\mathbb{R}^{3}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}^{3}$ is a smooth magnetic potential, $(-Δ)^{s}_{A}$ is the fractional magnetic Laplacian, $V:\mathbb{R}^{3}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ is a continuous electric potential and $f:\mathbb{R}\rightarrow \ma…
In this paper, we study the existence of ground state solutions for the nonlinear fractional Schrödinger-Poisson system \begin{equation*} \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} (-Δ)^su+V(x)u+ϕu=|u|^{p-1}u, & \hbox{in $\mathbb{R}^3$,} (-Δ)^sϕ=u^2,& \hbox{in $\mathbb{R}^3$,} \end{array} \right. \end{equation*} where $2<p<2_s^{\ast}-1 = \frac{3+2s}{3-2s}$, $s\in(\frac{3}{4},1)$. Under certain assumptions on $V$, a nontrivial ground state solution $(u,ϕ)$ is established through using a monotonicity trick and global compactness Lemma. As its supplementary results, we prove some nonexistence results in the case …
The present study is concerned with the following fractional Schrödinger-Poisson system with steep potential well: $$ \left\{% \begin{array}{ll} (-Δ)^s u+ \la V(x)u+K(x)ϕu= f(u), & x\in\R^3, (-Δ)^t ϕ=K(x)u^2, & x\in\R^3, \end{array}% \right. $$ where $s,t\in(0,1)$ with $4s+2t>3$, and $\la>0$ is a parameter. Under certain assumptions on $V(x)$, $K(x)$ and $f(u)$ behaving like $|u|^{q-2}u$ with $2<q<2_s^*=\frac{6}{3-2s}$, the existence of positive ground state solutions and concentration results are obtained via some new analytical skills and Nehair-Pohožaev identity. In particular, the monotoni…
We consider the following fractional Schrödinger-Poisson type equation with magnetic fields \begin{equation*} \varepsilon^{2s}(-Δ)_{A/\varepsilon}^{s}u+V(x)u+\varepsilon^{-2t}(|x|^{2t-3}*|u|^{2})u=f(|u|^{2})u \quad \mbox{ in } \mathbb{R}^{3}, \end{equation*} where $\varepsilon>0$ is a parameter, $s\in (\frac{3}{4}, 1)$, $t\in (0,1)$, $(-Δ)^{s}_{A}$ is the fractional magnetic Laplacian, $A:\mathbb{R}^{3}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}^{3}$ is a smooth magnetic potential, $V:\mathbb{R}^{3}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ is a positive continuous electric potential and $f:\mathbb{R}^{3}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ is a…
The purpose of this paper is to study and classify singular solutions of the Poisson problem $$ %\begin{equation}\label{eq 0.1} \left \{ \begin{aligned} {\mathcal L}^s_μu = f \quad\ {\rm in}\ \, Ω\setminus \{0\},\\ u =0 \quad\ {\rm in}\ \, {\mathbb R}^N \setminus Ω %\\ %\liminf_{x \to 0}\:|u(x)| /Φ_μ(x) = k. \end{aligned} \right. $$ for the fractional Hardy operator ${\mathcal L}_μ^s u= (-Δ)^s u +\fracμ{|x|^{2s}}u$ in a bounded domain $Ω\subset {\mathbb R}^N$ ($N \ge 2$) containing the origin. Here $(-Δ)^s$, $s\in(0,1)$, is the fractional Laplacian of order $2s$, and $μ\ge μ_0$, where $μ_0 = -…
We deal with the following fractional Schrödinger-Poisson equation with magnetic field \begin{equation} \varepsilon^{2s}(-Δ)_{A/\varepsilon}^{s}u+V(x)u+\varepsilon^{-2t}(|x|^{2t-3}*|u|^{2})u=f(|u|^{2})u+|u|^{2^{*}_{s}-2}u \quad \mbox{in} \mathbb{R}^{3}, \nonumber \end{equation} where $\varepsilon>0$ is a small parameter, $s\in (\frac{3}{4}, 1)$, $t\in (0,1)$, $2^{*}_{s}=\frac{6}{3-2s}$ is the fractional critical exponent, $(-Δ)^{s}_{A}$ is the fractional magnetic Laplacian, $V:\mathbb{R}^{3}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ is a positive continuous potential, $A:\mathbb{R}^{3}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}^{3}$…
In this paper, we are concerned with the existence of the least energy sign-changing solutions for the following fractional Schrödinger-Poisson system: \begin{align*} \left\{ \begin{aligned} &(-Δ)^{s} u+V(x)u+λϕ(x)u=f(x, u),\quad &\text{in}\, \ \mathbb{R}^{3},\\ &(-Δ)^{t}ϕ=u^{2},& \text{in}\,\ \mathbb{R}^{3}, \end{aligned} \right. \end{align*} where $λ\in \mathbb{R}^{+}$ is a parameter, $s, t\in (0, 1)$ and $4s+2t>3$, $(-Δ)^{s}$ stands for the fractional Laplacian. By constraint variational method and quantitative deformation lemma, we prove that the above problem has one least energy sign-cha…
In this paper, we study the concentration and multiplicity of solutions to the following fractional Schrödinger-Poisson system \begin{equation*} \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} \varepsilon^{2s}(-Δ)^su+V(x)u+ϕu=f(u)+u^{2_s^{\ast}-1} & \hbox{in $\mathbb{R}^3$,} \varepsilon^{2t}(-Δ)^tϕ=u^2, u>0& \hbox{in $\mathbb{R}^3$,} \end{array} \right. \end{equation*} where $s>\frac{3}{4}$, $s,t\in(0,1)$, $\varepsilon>0$ is a small parameter, $f\in C^1(\mathbb{R}^{+},\mathbb{R})$ is subcritical, $V:\mathbb{R}^3\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$ is a continuous bounded function. We establish a family of positive solutions $u_{…
The goal of this paper is to study the existence of peak solutions for the following fractional Schrödinger-Poisson system: \begin{eqnarray*} \left\{ \arraycolsep=1.5pt \begin{array}{ll} \varepsilon^{2s}(-Δ)^{s}u+u+ϕu=u^p,\ \ \ &\ \mbox{in}\ Ω,\\[2mm] (-Δ)^{s}ϕ=u^2,\ \ \ &\ \mbox{in}\ Ω,\\[2mm] u=ϕ=0,\ \ \ \ &\ \mbox{in}\ \mathbb{R}^N\setminus Ω, \end{array} \right. \end{eqnarray*} where $s\in(0,1)$, $N>2s$, $p\in (1,\frac{N+2s}{N-2s})$, $Ω$ is a bounded domain in $\mathbb{R}^N$ with Lipschitz boundary, and $(-Δ)^{s}$ is the fractional Laplacian operator, $\varepsilon$ is a small positive para…
We analyze the $s$-dependence of solutions $u_s$ to the family of fractional Poisson problems $(-Δ)^s u =f$ in $Ω$, $u \equiv 0$ on $\mathbb{R}^N\setminus Ω$ in an open bounded set $Ω\subset \mathbb{R}^N$, $s \in (0,1)$. In the case where $Ω$ is of class $C^2$ and $f \in C^α(\barΩ)$ for some $α>0$, we show that the map $(0,1) \to L^\infty(Ω)$, $s\mapsto u_s$ is of class $C^1$, and we characterize the derivative $\partial_s u_s$ in terms of the logarithmic Laplacian of $f$. As a corollary, we derive pointwise monotonicity properties of the solution map $s \mapsto u_s$ under suitable assumptions…
We present a finite element (FE) scheme for the numerical approximation of the solution to a non-local Poisson equation involving the one-dimensional fractional Laplacian $(-d_x^2)^s$ on the interval $(-L,L)$. In particular, we include the complete computations for obtaining the stiffness matrix, starting from the variational formulation of the problem. The problem being one-dimensional, the values of the matrix can be explicitly calculated, without need of any numerical integration, thus obtaining an algorithm which is very efficient in terms of the computational cost. As an application, we a…
In this paper, we study the following fractional Schrödinger-Poisson system involving competing potential functions \begin{equation*} \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} \varepsilon^{2s}(-Δ)^su+V(x)u+ϕu=K(x)f(u)+Q(x)|u|^{2_s^{\ast}-2}u, & \hbox{in $\mathbb{R}^3$,} \varepsilon^{2t}(-Δ)^tϕ=u^2,& \hbox{in $\mathbb{R}^3$,} \end{array} \right. \end{equation*} where $\varepsilon>0$ is a small parameter, $f$ is a function of $C^1$ class, superlinear and subcritical nonlinearity, $2_s^{\ast}=\frac{6}{3-2s}$, $s>\frac{3}{4}$, $t\in(0,1)$, $V(x)$ $K(x)$ and $Q(x)$ are positive continuous function. Under some suit…
In this paper, we establish the following Stein-Weiss inequality with the fractional Poisson kernel (see Theorem 1.1): \begin{equation}\label{int1} \int_{\mathbb{R}^n_{+}}\int_{\partial\mathbb{R}^n_{+}}|ξ|^{-α}f(ξ)P(x,ξ,γ)g(x)|x|^{-β}dξdx\leq C_{n,α,β,p,q'}\|g\|_{L^{q'}(\mathbb{R}^n_{+})}\|f\|_{L^p(\partial \mathbb{R}^{n}_{+})}, \end{equation} where $P(x,ξ,γ)=\frac{x_n}{(|x'-ξ|^2+x_n^2)^{\frac{n+2-γ}{2}}}$, $2\le γ<n$, $f\in L^{p}(\partial\mathbb{R}^n_{+})$, $g\in L^{q'}(\mathbb{R}^n_{+})$ and $p,\ q'\in (1,\infty)$ and satisfy $\frac{n-1}{n}\frac{1}{p}+\frac{1}{q'}+\frac{α+β+2-γ}{n}=1$. Then …
Local Well-Posedness for Vlasov--Poisson with $L^{d+}$ Initial Density and Fractional Velocity Regularity
State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Sciences, Academy of Mathematics & Systems Science, The Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院数学与系统科学研究院数学科学学院国家重点实验室);School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院大学数学科学学院)
We study existence, uniqueness, and regularity properties of the Dirichlet problem related to fractional Dirichlet energy minimizers in a complete doubling metric measure space $(X,d_X,μ_X)$ satisfying a $2$-Poincaré inequality. Given a bounded domain $Ω\subset X$ with $μ_X(X\setminusΩ)>0$, and a function $f$ in the Besov class $B^θ_{2,2}(X)\cap L^2(X)$, we study the problem of finding a function $u\in B^θ_{2,2}(X)$ such that $u=f$ in $X\setminusΩ$ and $\mathcal{E}_θ(u,u)\le \mathcal{E}_θ(h,h)$ whenever $h\in B^θ_{2,2}(X)$ with $h=f$ in $X\setminusΩ$. We show that such a solution always exists…