Andrei Tokovinin, Brian D. Mason, Rene A. Mendez, Edgardo Costa, Elliott P. Horch
备注：
Accepted by The Astronomical Journal. 10 pages, 5 Figures. Measurements and non-resolutions, published electronically, are available from the first author. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1905.10436
The results of speckle interferometric observations at the 4.1 m Southern Astrophysical Research Telescope (SOAR) in 2019 are given, totaling 2555 measurements of 1972 resolved pairs with separations from 15 mas (median 0.21") and magnitude difference up to 6 mag, and non-resolutions of 684 targets. We resolved for the first time 90 new pairs or subsystems in known binaries. This work continues our long-term speckle program. Its main goal is to monitor orbital motion of close binaries, including members of high-order hierarchies and Hipparcos pairs in the solar neighborhood. We give a list of 127 orbits computed using our latest measurements. Their quality varies from excellent (25 orbits of grades 1 and 2) to provisional (47 orbits of grades 4 and 5).
Orbits of 55 visual binary stars are computed using recent speckle interferometry data from the SOAR telescope: 33 first-time orbits and 22 revisions of previous orbit calculations. The orbital periods range from 1.4 to 370 years, the quality of orbits ranges from definitive to preliminary and tentative. Most binaries consist of low-mass dwarfs and have short periods (median period 31 years). The dynamical parallaxes and masses are evaluated and compared to the Hipparcos parallaxes. Using differential speckle photometry, binary components are placed on the color-magnitude diagram.
Orbits of 44 close and fast visual binaries are computed using the latest speckle observations; 23 orbits are determined for the first time, the rest are revisions, some quite substantial. Six combined orbits use radial velocities. The median period is 15.6 years, the shortest period is one year. Most stars are nearby late-type dwarfs. Dynamical parallaxes and estimates of the masses are derived from the orbital elements and the photometry of the components.
The results of speckle interferometric observations at the 4.1 m SOAR telescope in 2016 and 2017 are given, totaling 2483 measurements of 1570 resolved pairs and 609 non-resolutions. We describe briefly recent changes in the instrument and observing method and quantify the accuracy of the pixel scale and position angle calibration. Comments are given on 44 pairs resolved here for the first time. Orbital motion of the newly resolved subsystem BU~83 Aa,Ab roughly agrees with its 36 year astrometric orbit proposed by J.~Dommanget. Most Tycho binaries examined here turned out to be spurious.
The results of speckle interferometric observations at the 4.1 m Southern Astrophysical Research Telescope (SOAR) in 2020, as well as earlier unpublished data, are given, totaling 1735 measurements of 1288 resolved pairs and non-resolutions of 1177 targets. We resolved for the first time 59 new pairs or subsystems in known binaries, mostly among nearby dwarf stars. This work continues our long-term speckle program. Its main goal is to monitor orbital motion of close binaries, including members of high-order hierarchies and Hipparcos pairs in the solar neighborhood. We also report observations …
The results of speckle interferometric observations at the SOAR telescope in 2015 are given, totalling 1303 measurements of 924 resolved binary and multiple stars and non-resolutions of 260 targets. The separations range from 12 mas to 3.37" (median 0.17"); the maximum measured magnitude difference is 6.7 mag. We resolved 27 pairs for the first time, including 10 as inner or outer subsystems in previously known binaries, e.g. the 50-mas pair in Epsilon Cha. Newly resolved pairs are commented upon. We discuss three apparently non-hierarchical systems discovered in this series, arguing that thei…
The results of speckle interferometric observations at the 4.1 m Southern Astrophysical Research Telescope (SOAR) in 2018 are given, totaling 3097 measurements of 2427 resolved pairs with separations from 11 mas to 5.9" (median 0.15", magnitude difference up to 7 mag) and non-resolutions of 624 targets. This work continues our long-term speckle program. Its main goal is to monitor orbital motion of close binaries, including members of high-order hierarchies and Hipparcos pairs in the solar neighborhood. Also, pre-main-sequence stars in the Orion OB1 association were surveyed, resolving 26 out …
The Solar Neighborhood LIV: 54 Orbits of M Dwarf Multiples within 30 Parsecs with Speckle Interferometry at SOAR
Five College Astronomy Department, Smith College（史密斯学院五校天文系）；RECONS Institute（RECONS研究所）；Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory — NSF’s NOIRLab（塞罗托洛洛美际观测台—NSF的NOIRLab）；Bridgewater State University（布里奇沃特州立大学）；Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University（佐治亚州立大学物理与天文学系）；Department of Physics, Southern Connecticut State University（南康涅狄格州立大学物理系）
The speckle interferometry program at the the 4.1 m Southern Astrophysical Research Telescope (SOAR), started in 2008, now accumulated over 30,300 individual observations of 12,700 distinct targets. Its main goal is to monitor orbital motion of close binaries, including members of high-order hierarchies and low-mass dwarfs in the solar neighborhood. The results from 2021 are published here, totaling 2,623 measurements of 2,123 resolved pairs and non-resolutions of 763 targets. The median measured separation is 0.21", and 75 pairs were closer than 30 mas. The calibration of scale and orientatio…
We present the first results of a multi-year program to map the orbits of M dwarf multiples within 25 parsecs. The observations were conducted primarily during 2019 - 2020 using speckle interferometry at the Southern Astrophysical Research (SOAR) Telescope in Chile, using the High-Resolution Camera mounted on the adaptive optics module (HRCam+SAM). The sample of nearby M dwarfs is drawn from three sources: multiples from the RECONS long-term astrometric monitoring program at the SMARTS 0.9m, known multiples for which these new observations will enable or improve orbit fits, and candidate multi…
Statistical characterization of secondary subsystems in binaries helps to distinguish between various scenarios of multiple-star formation. The DSSI speckle instrument was used at the Gemini-N telescope for several hours in 2015 July to probe binarity of 25 secondary components in nearby solar-type binaries. Six new subsystems were resolved, with meaningful detection limits for the remaining targets. The large incidence of secondary subsystems agrees with other similar studies. The newly resolved subsystem HIP 115417 Ba,Bb causes deviations in the observed motion of the outer binary from which…
The results of 4,747 intensified CCD observations of double stars, made with the 26-inch refractor of the U.S. Naval Observatory, are presented. Each observation of a system represents a combination of over two thousand short-exposure images. These observations are averaged into 2,667 mean relative positions and range in separation from 0.328" to 95.9", with a median separation of 8.673". Four orbits are improved. This is the 22nd in this series of papers and covers the period 4 January 2016 through 29 December 2016.
We present results from Speckle inteferometric observations of fifteen visual binaries and one double-line spectroscopic binary, carried out with the HRCam Speckle camera of the SOAR 4.1 m telescope. These systems were observed as a part of an on-going survey to characterize the binary population in the solar vicinity, out to a distance of 250 parsec. We obtained orbital elements and mass sums for our sample of visual binaries. The orbits were computed using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm that delivers maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters, as well as posterior probability densi…
The results of 3,989 intensified CCD observations of double stars, made with the 26-inch refractor of the U.S. Naval Observatory, are presented. Each observation of a system represents a combination of over two thousand short-exposure images. These observations are averaged into 1,911 mean relative positions and range in separation from 0.289 to 128.638, with a median separation of 8.669. Four orbits are improved. This is the 23rd in this series of papers and covers the period 4 January 2017 through 13 September 2017.
We report high resolution optical speckle observations of 336 M dwarfs which result in 113 measurements of relative position of 80 systems and 256 other stars with no indications of duplicity. These are the first measurements for two of the systems. We also present the earliest measures of relative position for 17 others. We include orbits for six of the systems, two revised and four reported for the first time. For one of the systems with a new orbit, G 161-7, we determine masses of 0.156 +/- 0.011 and 0.1175 +/-0.0079 \msun for the A and B components, respectively. All six of these new calcu…
Astronomers have been measuring the separations and position angles between the two components of binary stars since William Herschel began his observations in 1781. In 1970, Anton Labeyrie pioneered a method, speckle interferometry, that overcomes the usual resolution limits induced by atmospheric turbulence by taking hundreds or thousands of short exposures and reducing them in Fourier space. Our 2022 automation of speckle interferometry allowed us to use a fully robotic 1.0-meter PlaneWave Instruments telescope, located at the El Sauce Observatory in the Atacama Desert of Chile, to obtain o…
Speckle Interferometry of 25 Gaia Two-Parameter Potential Binaries
Colorado Mountain College（科罗拉多山学院）；Gila Community College（吉拉社区学院）；NASA Ames Research Center（美国国家航空航天局艾姆斯研究中心）；Mesa Community College（梅萨社区学院）；Orange County Astronomers（橙县天文学家协会）；Payson High School（佩森高中）；University of California, Berkeley（加州大学伯克利分校）；OurSky；Institute for Student Astronomical Research（学生天文研究所）；PlaneWave Instruments；Dark Ridge Observatory（暗岭天文台）；NASA Neil Amstrong Flight Test Center（美国国家航空航天局尼尔·阿姆斯特朗飞行测试中心）；Mt. Wilson Observatory（威尔逊山天文台）；Presidio Graduate School（普雷西迪奥研究生院）；Magdalena Transit Telescope Project（马格达莱纳凌星望远镜项目）
The orbits of 8 systems with low-mass components (HIP 14524, HIP 16025, HIP 28671, HIP 46199, HIP 47791, HIP 60444, HIP 61100 and HIP 73085) are presented. Speckle interferometric data were obtained at the 6 m Big Alt-azimuth Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences (BTA SAO RAS) from 2007 to 2019. New data, together with measures already in the literature, made it possible to improve upon previous orbital solutions in six cases and to construct orbits for the first time in the two remaining cases (HIP 14524 and HIP 60444). Mass sums are obtained using both Hipparco…
We found that multi-periodic low-mass stars discovered by Kepler K2 in the Upper Scorpius association are close binaries with typical separations of the order of 10 au and large mass ratios. These stars were surveyed by speckle interferometry at the SOAR telescope with spatial resolution of 0.04". Out of 129 observed targets, we resolved 70 pairs (including 16 previously known ones and three new triple systems). The distribution of projected separations of binaries with primary stars less massive than the Sun corresponds to a log-normal with median of 11.6 au and logarithmic dispersion of 0.60…
We present the first results from an ongoing survey for multiplicity among the bright stars using the Navy Precision Optical Interferometer (NPOI). We first present a summary of NPOI observations of known multiple systems, including the first detection of the companion of $β$ Scuti with precise relative astrometry, to illustrate the instrument's detection sensitivity for binaries at magnitude differences $Δ$$m$ $\lessapprox$ 3 over the range of angular separation 3 - 860 milliarcseconds (mas). A limiting $Δ$$m_{700}$ $\sim$ 3.5 is likely for binaries where the component spectral types differ b…
Starting in 2008, NASA has provided the exoplanet community an observational program aimed at obtaining the highest resolution imaging available as part of its mission to validate and characterize exoplanets, as well as their stellar environments, in search of life in the universe. Our current program uses speckle interferometry in the optical (320-1000 nm) with new instruments on the 3.5-m WIYN and both 8-m Gemini telescopes. Starting with Kepler and K2 follow-up, we now support TESS and other space- and ground-based exoplanet related discovery and characterization projects. The importance of…
The multiplicity of massive stars in the Orion Nebula cluster as seen with long-baseline interferometry
多恒星系统的表征是检验当前恒星形成模型的一个重要组成部分。恒星在多个星系中发现的频率越高，它们的质量越大。因此，完整地了解高质量恒星在整个轨道分离范围内的多样性对于理解它们仍然存在争议的形成过程至关重要。对猎户座星云团的观测有助于回答有关多恒星起源和演化的问题。早期的研究提供了一个很好的知识，在非常小的（光谱）和大的分离（AO，斑点）的恒星的多样性，从而使ONC这样一个项目的一个很好的目标。我们使用VLTI的近红外干涉仪AMBER观察ONC中的亮星样本。我们通过NACO对θ1 Ori A的观测档案来补充我们的数据集，以获得有关近距离可见伴星轨道的更多信息。我们的观测分辨了已知的多重系统θ1 Ori C和θ1 Ori A，并提供了新的轨道点，证实了θ1 Ori C的轨道预测和恒星参数测定。结合AMBER和NACO关于θ1 Ori A的数据，我们能够跟踪2003年至2011年的伴星运动。此外，我们还发现了θ1猎户座D周围的伴星和NU猎户座之前未知的伴星的线索。在约90%的概率下，我们可以排除在我们的样本恒星周围质量> 3 Msun的伴星，其分离度在约2质量和约110质量之间。我们的结论是，θ1 Ori A周围的伴星很可能与主星有物理上的联系。新发现的可能的同伴进一步增加了ONC的多样性。对于我们的两个O型和三个B型恒星的样本，我们发现每个主星平均有2.5个已知的伴星，这是低质量恒星的五…
We present orbital elements, orbital parallaxes and individual component masses, for fourteen spatially resolved double-line spectroscopic binaries derived doing a simultaneous fit of their visual orbit and radial velocity curve. This was done by means of a Markov Chain Monte Carlo code developed by our group, which produces posterior distribution functions and error estimates for all the parameters. Of this sample, six systems had high quality previous studies and were included as benchmarks to test our procedures, but even in these cases we could improve the previous orbits by adding recent …
The angle between the rotation and orbital axes of stars in binary systems -- the obliquity -- is an important indicator of how these systems form and evolve but few such measurements exist. We combine the sample of astrometric orbital inclinations from Gaia DR3 with a sample of solar-like oscillators in which rotational inclinations have been measured using asteroseismology. We supplement our sample with one binary whose visual orbit has been determined using speckle interferometry and present the projected spin-orbit alignments in five systems. We find that each system, and the overall sampl…
