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arXiv 1301.3045astro-ph.SR
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用长基线干涉测量法观测猎户座星云团中大质量恒星的多样性

The multiplicity of massive stars in the Orion Nebula cluster as seen with long-baseline interferometry

Rebekka Grellmann, Thomas Preibisch, Thorsten Ratzka, Stefan Kraus, Krzysztof Helminiak, Hans Zinnecker

摘要:

多恒星系统的表征是检验当前恒星形成模型的一个重要组成部分。恒星在多个星系中发现的频率越高,它们的质量越大。因此,完整地了解高质量恒星在整个轨道分离范围内的多样性对于理解它们仍然存在争议的形成过程至关重要。对猎户座星云团的观测有助于回答有关多恒星起源和演化的问题。早期的研究提供了一个很好的知识,在非常小的(光谱)和大的分离(AO,斑点)的恒星的多样性,从而使ONC这样一个项目的一个很好的目标。我们使用VLTI的近红外干涉仪AMBER观察ONC中的亮星样本。我们通过NACO对θ1 Ori A的观测档案来补充我们的数据集,以获得有关近距离可见伴星轨道的更多信息。我们的观测分辨了已知的多重系统θ1 Ori C和θ1 Ori A,并提供了新的轨道点,证实了θ1 Ori C的轨道预测和恒星参数测定。结合AMBER和NACO关于θ1 Ori A的数据,我们能够跟踪2003年至2011年的伴星运动。此外,我们还发现了θ1猎户座D周围的伴星和NU猎户座之前未知的伴星的线索。在约90%的概率下,我们可以排除在我们的样本恒星周围质量> 3 Msun的伴星,其分离度在约2质量和约110质量之间。我们的结论是,θ1 Ori A周围的伴星很可能与主星有物理上的联系。新发现的可能的同伴进一步增加了ONC的多样性。对于我们的两个O型和三个B型恒星的样本,我们发现每个主星平均有2.5个已知的伴星,这是低质量恒星的五倍左右。

英文摘要:

The characterization of multiple stellar systems is an important ingredient for testing current star formation models. Stars are more often found in multiple systems, the more massive they are. A complete knowledge of the multiplicity of high-mass stars over the full range of orbit separations is thus essential to understand their still debated formation process. Observations of the Orion Nebula Cluster can help to answer the question about the origin and evolution of multiple stars. Earlier studies provide a good knowledge about the multiplicity of the stars at very small (spectroscopic) and large separations (AO, speckle) and thus make the ONC a good target for such a project. We used the NIR interferometric instrument AMBER at VLTI to observe a sample of bright stars in the ONC. We complement our data set by archival NACO observations of θ1 Ori A to obtain more information about the orbit of the close visual companion. Our observations resolve the known multiple systems θ1 Ori C and θ1 Ori A and provide new orbit points, which confirm the predicted orbit and the determined stellar parameters for θ1 Ori C. Combining AMBER and NACO data for θ1 Ori A we were able to follow the motion of the companion from 2003 to 2011. We furthermore find hints for a companion around θ1 Ori D and a previously unknown companion to NU Ori. With a probability of ~90% we can exclude further companions with masses of > 3 Msun around our sample stars for separations between ~2 mas and ~110 mas. We conclude that the companion around θ1 Ori A is most likely physically related to the primary star. The newly discovered possible companions further increase the multiplicity in the ONC. For our sample of two O and three B-type stars we find on average 2.5 known companions per primary, which is around five times more than for low-mass stars.

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