The transverse momentum spectra of $J/ψ$, $ψ(2S)$, and $Υ(nS, n=1,2,3)$ produced in proton-proton ($p$+$p$), proton-antiproton ($p$+$\bar{p}$), proton-lead ($p$+Pb), gold-gold (Au+Au), and lead-lead (Pb+Pb) collisions over a wide energy range are analyzed by the (two-component) Erlang distribution, the Hagedorn function (the inverse power-law), and the Tsallis-Levy function. The initial temperature is obtained from the color string percolation model due to the fit by the (two-component) Erlang distribution in the framework of multisource thermal model. The excitation functions of some parameters such as the mean transverse momentum and initial temperature increase from dozens of GeV to above 10 TeV. The mean transverse momentum and initial temperature decrease (increase slightly or do not change obviously) with the increase of rapidity (centrality). Meanwhile, the mean transverse momentum of $Υ(nS, n=1,2,3)$ is larger than that of $J/ψ$ and $ψ(2S)$, and the initial temperature for $Υ(nS, n=1,2,3)$ emission is higher than that for $J/ψ$ and $ψ(2S)$ emission, which shows a mass-dependent behavior.
An overview is given of the theoretical developments on heavy quarks and quarkonia in heavy-ion collisions as reported at the "Hard and EM Probes 2018" conference. Specifically, we address progress in the understanding of heavy-flavor diffusion and its hadronization, quarkonium transport and the extraction of quarkonium melting temperatures, energy loss of heavy quarks at high momentum, and their rescattering in small colliding systems.
In the paper, we calculate the fragmentation functions for a quark to fragment into a spin-singlet quarkonium, where the flavor of the initial quark is different from that of the constituent quark in the quarkonium. The ultraviolet divergences in the phase space integral are removed through the operator renormalization under the modified minimal subtraction scheme. The fragmentation function $D_{q \to η_Q}(z,μ_F)$ is expressed as a two-dimensional integral. Numerical results for the fragmentation functions of a light quark or a bottom quark to fragment into the $η_c$ are presented. As an appli…
In the paper, we calculate the fragmentation functions for $c \to η_c$ and $b \to η_b$ up to next-to-leading-order (NLO) QCD accuracy. The ultraviolet divergences in the real corrections are removed through operator renormalization under the modified minimal subtraction scheme. We then obtain the fragmentation functions $D_{c \to η_c}(z,μ_F)$ and $D_{b \to η_b}(z,μ_F)$ up to NLO QCD accuracy, which are presented as figures and fitting functions. The numerical results show that the NLO corrections are significant. The sensitives of the fragmentation functions to the renormalization scale and th…
We calculate the next-to-leading order (NLO) quantum chromodynamics (QCD) corrections to $γ+γ\to η_c+c+\bar{c}$, $γ+γ\to η_b+b+\bar{b}$ and $γ+γ\to B_c+b+\bar{c}$ processes in the framework of non-relativistic QCD (NRQCD) factorization formalism. The cross sections at the SuperKEKB electron-positron collider, as well as the future collider like the Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC), are evaluated. Numerical results indicate that the NLO corrections are significant, and the uncertainties in theoretical predictions with NLO corrections are reduced as expected. Due to the high luminosity…
Using a newly developed interquark potential, we tabulate values of the radial Schrödinger wave function or its first nonvanishing derivative at zero quark--antiquark separation, for $c\bar{c}$, $c\bar{b}$, and $b\bar{b}$ levels that lie below, or just above, the flavor threshold. These quantities are required inputs for evaluating quarkonium production cross sections.
Closed-flavor pi + J/psi and pi + Upsilon Cross Sections at Low Energies from Dipion Decays
轻强子低能c-cbar和b-bbar截面的标度对于利用重夸克偶素抑制信号寻找夸克-胶子等离子体具有重要意义。不幸的是，目前对这些近阈值截面知之甚少，最近的理论估计跨越了许多数量级。本文利用已观测到的四个闭味重夸克偶素强子衰变的实验数据，结合简单的跃迁振幅模型，估算了c-cbar和b-bbar介子在阈附近的π散射截面.具体地说，我们考虑了闭味反应pi J/psi-> pi psi'、pi Upsion-> pi Upsion '、pi Upsion-> pi Upsion'和pi Upsion '-> pi Upsion'以及它们的时间反演类似物。我们的结果可能有助于约束重夸克偶素强相互作用的理论模型，并且可以通过对双介子衰变的进一步研究得到系统的改进，特别是psi '-> pi pi J/psi和U'-> pi pi Upperdance.
A clear understanding of nuclear parton distribution functions (nPDFs) plays a crucial role in the interpretation of collider data taken at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and in the near future at the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). Even with the recent inclusions of vector boson and light meson production data, the uncertainty of the gluon PDF remains substantial and limits the interpretation of heavy ion collision data. To obtain new constraints on the nuclear gluon PDF, we extend our recent nCTEQ15WZ+SIH analysis to inclusive quarkonium and open hea…
We point out that the determination of the leptonic decay width of radially-excited quarkonia is strongly dependent on the position of the node typical of these excitations. We suggest that this feature could be related with the longstanding rho-pi puzzle.
The in medium dynamics of heavy particles are governed by transport coefficients. The heavy quark momentum diffusion coefficient, $κ$, is an object of special interest in the literature, but one which has proven notoriously difficult to estimate, despite the fact that it has been computed by weak-coupling methods at next-to-leading order accuracy, and by lattice simulations of the pure SU(3) gauge theory. Another coefficient, $γ$, has been recently identified. It can be understood as the dispersive counterpart of $κ$. Little is known about $γ$. Both $κ$ and $γ$ are, however, of foremost import…
Heavy Quark Fragmentation Functions for D-wave Quarkonium and Charmed Beauty Mesons
在大横动量区，高能$e^+e^-$和强子碰撞中，部分子碎裂控制了重-重束缚态如粲偶素、底偶素和$\bar bc$介子的产生.在强耦合常数和非相对论展开下，我们计算了重夸克碎裂成D波夸克偶素和$\bar bc$介子的前序函数。在$\bar b c$介子的情况下，它的一组D波状态预计将低于开放味阈值。$\bar b$反夸克分裂为D波$\bar b c$介子的总碎裂几率约为$2 \times 10^{-5}$，这意味着总赝标基态$B_c$中只有2%来自这些轨道激发态的级联.
