通过重味探针研究重离子碰撞中的输运与连接
Transport and Connection to Heavy-ion Collisions via Heavy Flavor Probes
AI总结：
本文综述重味探针的格点QCD研究进展，为输运模型提供关键输入以描述RHIC和LHC实验观测，深化对QGP性质的理解。
摘要：
相对论重离子对撞机（RHIC）和大型强子对撞机（LHC）的重离子实验将在未来五年内进行升级，将重点转向新运行中的硬过程。主要目标之一是更精细地描绘夸克胶子等离子体（QGP）的图像。重味探针见证了重离子碰撞的整个历史，对测试此类碰撞中形成的QGP性质尤为敏感。重味探针的格点结果为输运和唯象模型提供了关键输入，以描述实验观测结果，如核修正因子$R_{AA}$的强烈抑制和低$p_T$下非零的方位各向异性。过去两年中，重味探针的格点QCD研究取得显著进展，包括非零温度格点模拟中的介质内夸克偶素性质、复静态夸克-反夸克势和重夸克扩散。这些成就深化了对夸克偶素命运、复势的屏蔽/非屏蔽以及热介质中重夸克扩散的温度和夸克质量依赖性的理解。本文综述近期结果并简要讨论这些研究的可能方向。
英文摘要：
The heavy ion experiments in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are going through upgrade in the next five years, shifting their focus more on the hard processes in the new runs. One of the main goals is to draw a finer image for the quark gluon plasma (QGP). The heavy flavor probes , which witness the whole history of heavy ion collision are particularly sensitive to test the properties of QGP formed in such collisions. The lattice results for heavy flavor probes provide transport and phenomenological models crucial inputs to describe the experimental observations like the strong suppression of the nuclear modification factor $R_{AA}$ and the non-zero azimuthal anisotropy at low $p_T$. In the last two years we have seen significant advances in the lattice QCD studies of heavy flavor probes, including the in-medium quarkonium properties, the complex static quark-antiquark potential and the heavy quark diffusion from lattice simulations at nonzero temperature. These achievements substantially deepen our understanding of the fate of quarkonium, the screening/unscreening of the complex potential and the temperature and quark mass dependence of the heavy quark diffusion in thermal medium. In these proceedings, we review recent results and briefly discuss possible directions in these studies.
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