The cosmic distance duality relation (CDDR), $D_{\rm L}(1+z)^{-2}/D_{\rm A}=η=1$, with $D_{\rm L}$ and $D_{\rm A}$, being the luminosity and angular diameter distances, respectively, is a crucial premise in cosmological scenarios. Many investigations try to test CDDR through observational approaches, even some of these ones also consider a deformed CDDR, i.e., $η=η(z)$. In this paper, we use type Ia supernovae luminosity distances and galaxy cluster measurements (their angular diameter distances and gas mass fractions) in order to perform a Bayesian model comparison between $ η(z) $ functions. We show that the data here used are unable to pinpoint, with a high degree of Bayesian evidence, which $η(z)$ function best captures the evolution of CDDR.
The distance-duality relation (DDR) between the luminosity distance $D_L$ and the angular diameter distance $D_A$ is viewed as a powerful tool for testing for the opacity of the Universe, being independent of any cosmological model. It was applied by many authors, who mostly confirm its validity and report a negligible opacity of the Universe. Nevertheless, a thorough analysis reveals that applying the DDR in cosmic opacity tests is tricky. Its applicability is strongly limited because of a non-unique interpretation of the $D_L$ data in terms of cosmic opacity and a rather low accuracy and def…
{In this paper, we use large scale structure observations to test the redshift dependence of cosmic distance duality relation (CDDR), $D_{\rm L}(1+z)^{-2}/D_{\rm A}=η(z)$}, with $D_{\rm L}$ and $D_{\rm A}$, being the luminosity and angular diameter distances, respectively. In order to perform the test, the following data set are considered: strong lensing systems and galaxy cluster measurements (gas mass fractions). No specific cosmological model is adopted, only a flat universe is assumed. { By considering two $η(z)$ parametrizations, It is observed that the CDDR remain redshift independent w…
In this paper, we use the model dependent method to revisit the constraint on the well-known cosmic distance duality relation (CDDR). By using the latest SNIa samples, such as Union2.1, JLA and SNLS, we find that the SNIa data alone can not constrain the cosmic opacity parameter $\varepsilon$, which denotes the deviation from the CDDR, $d_{\rm L} = d_{\rm A}(1+z)^{2+\varepsilon}$, very well. The constraining power on $\varepsilon$ from the luminosity distance indicator provided by SNIa and GRB is hardly to be improved at present. When we include other cosmological observations, such as the mea…
General relativity reproduces main current cosmological observations, assuming the validity of cosmic distance duality relation (CDDR) at all scales and epochs. However, CDDR is poorly tested in the redshift interval between the farthest observed Type Ia supernovae (SN Ia) and that of the Cosmic Microwave background (CMB). We present a new idea of testing the validity of CDDR, through the multiple measurements of high-redshift quasars. Luminosity distances are derived from the relation between the UV and X-ray luminosities of quasars, while angular diameter distances are obtained from the comp…
The cosmic distance duality relation (CDDR) is a fundamental assumption in cosmological studies. Given the redshift $z$, it relates luminosity distance $D^L$ with angular diameter distance $D^A$ through $(1+z)^2D^A/D^L\equiv1$. Many efforts have been devoted to test the CDDR with various observational approaches. However, to the best of our knowledge, those methods are always affected by cosmic opacity which could make the CDDR violated due to the non-conservation of photon number. Such mechanism is more related with astropartical physics. In this work, to directly study the nature of space-ti…
We propose and perform a new test of the cosmic distance-duality relation (CDDR), $D_L(z) / D_A(z) (1 + z)^{2} = 1$, where $D_A$ is the angular diameter distance and $D_L$ is the luminosity distance to a given source at redshift $z$, using strong gravitational lensing (SGL) and type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) data. We show that the ratio $D=D_{A_{12}}/D_{A_2}$ and $D^{*}=D_{L_{12}}/D_{L_{2}}$, where the subscripts 1 and 2 correspond, respectively, to redshifts $z_1$ and $z_2$, are linked by $D/D^*=(1+z_1)^2$ if the CDDR is valid. We allow departures from the CDDR by defining two funcions for $η(z_…
We obtain the current constraint on the minimally extended varying speed of light (meVSL) model by analyzing cosmic distance duality relation (CCDDR) of it, $D_{L}/D_{A}(1+z)^{-2} = (1+z)^{b/8}$. We use the Pantheon type Ia supernova (SNIa) data, the Hubble parameter $H(z)$ using the cosmic chronometers approach, and the cosmic microwave background (CMB) distance priors from the latest Planck data. We find that the current data show the 1-$σ$ deviation from the standard CCDDR. Thus, this provides the constraint on meVSL model and future precision observations might be able to put stronger cons…
We carry out a test of the cosmic distance duality relation using a sample of 52 SPT-SZ clusters, along with X-ray measurements from XMM-Newton. To carry out this test, we need an estimate of the luminosity distance ($D_L$) at the redshift of the cluster. For this purpose, we use three independent methods: directly using $D_L$ from the closest Type Ia Supernovae from the Union 2.1 sample, non-parametric reconstruction of $D_L$ using the same Union 2.1 sample, and finally using $H(z)$ measurements from cosmic chronometers and reconstructing $D_L$ using Gaussian Process regression. We use four d…
We propose a new method to test the cosmic distance duality relation using the strongly lensed gravitational waves. The simultaneous observations of image positions, the relative time delay between different images, the redshift measurements of lens and source, together with the mass modelling of the lens galaxy, provide the angular diameter distance to the gravitational wave source. On the other hand, from the observation of gravitational wave signals the luminosity distance to the source can be obtained. This is to our knowledge the first method to simultaneously measure both the angular dia…
A distance-deviation consistency and model-independent method to test the cosmic distance duality relation (CDDR) is provided. The method is worth attention on two aspects: firstly, a distance-deviation consistency method is used to pair subsamples: instead of pairing subsamples with redshift deviation smaller than a \textbf{value}, say $\left\vert Δz\right\vert <0.005$. The redshift deviation between subsamples decreases with the redshift to ensure the distance deviation stays the same. The method selects more subsamples at high redshift, up to $z=2.16$, and provides 120 subsample pairs. Seco…
In this paper, we propose a new test to the cosmic distance duality relation (CDDR), $D_L=D_A(1+z)^2$, where $D_L$ and $D_A$ are the luminosity and angular diameter distances, respectively. The data used correspond to 61 Type Ia Supernova luminosity distances and $Y_{SZE}-Y_X$ measurements of 61 galaxy clusters obtained by the {\it Planck} mission and the deep XMM-Newton X-ray data, where $Y_{SZE}$ is the integrated comptonization parameter obtained via Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect observations and $Y_X$ is the X-ray counterpart. More precisely, we use the $Y_{SZE}D_{A}^{2}/C_{XSZE}Y_X$ scaling-r…
We describe the Bayesian BARCODE formalism that has been designed towards the reconstruction of the Cosmic Web in a given volume on the basis of the sampled galaxy cluster distribution. Based on the realization that the massive compact clusters are responsible for the major share of the large scale tidal force field shaping the anisotropic and in particular filamentary features in the Cosmic Web. Given the nonlinearity of the constraints imposed by the cluster configurations, we resort to a state-of-the-art constrained reconstruction technique to find a proper statistically sampled realization…
We present COSMIC BIRTH: COSMological Initial Conditions from Bayesian Inference Reconstructions with THeoretical models: an algorithm to reconstruct the primordial and evolved cosmic density fields from galaxy surveys on the light-cone. The displacement and peculiar velocity fields are obtained from forward modelling at different redshift snapshots given some initial cosmic density field within a Gibbs-sampling scheme. This allows us to map galaxies, observed in a light-cone, to a single high redshift and hereby provide tracers and the corresponding survey completeness in Lagrangian space inc…
Many new strong gravitational lensing (SGL) systems have been discovered in the last two decades with the advent of powerful new space and ground-based telescopes. The effect of the lens mass model (usually the power-law mass model) on cosmological parameters constraints has been performed recently in literature. In this paper, by using SGL systems and Supernovae type Ia observations, we explore if the power-law mass density profile ($ρ\propto r^{-γ}$) is consistent with the cosmic distance duality relation (CDDR), $D_L(1+z)^{-2}/D_A=η(z)=1$, by considering different lens mass intervals. { It …
In this paper, we investigate the possible deviations of the cosmic distance duality relation (CDDR) using the combination of the largest SNe Ia (Pantheon) and compact radio quasar (QSO) samples through two model-independent approaches. The deviation of CDDR is written as $D_L(z)/D_A(z)(1+z)^{-2}=η(z)$ and $η(z)=e^{τ(z)/2}$, with the parameterizations of $F_1$ ($τ(z) = 2ε_1 z$) and $F_2$ ($τ(z) = (1+z)^{2ε_2}-1$). Furthermore, in order to compare the two resulting distances, two cosmological-model-independent methods, i.e., the nearby SNe Ia method and the GP method are employed to match the t…
Revisiting the cosmic distance duality relation with machine learning reconstruction methods: the combination of HII galaxies and ultra-compact radio quasars
We use simulated strongly lensed gravitational wave events from the Einstein Telescope to demonstrate how the luminosity and angular diameter distances, $d_L(z)$ and $d_A(z)$ respectively, can be combined to test in a model independent manner for deviations from the cosmic distance duality relation and the standard cosmological model. In particular, we use two machine learning approaches, the Genetic Algorithms and Gaussian Processes, to reconstruct the mock data and we show that both approaches are capable of correctly recovering the underlying fiducial model and can provide percent-level con…
We perform a Bayesian model selection analysis for interacting scenarios of dark matter and modified holographic Ricci dark energy (MHRDE) with linear interacting terms. We use a combination of some of the latest cosmological data such as type Ia supernovae, cosmic chronometers, cosmic microwave background and baryon acoustic oscillations measurements. We find strong evidence against all the MHRDE interacting scenarios studied with respect to $Λ$CDM when the full joint analysis is considered.
Testing Cosmic Distance Duality Relation and Transparency with DESI DR2
State Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Technology, Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院新疆天文台射电天文与技术国家重点实验室）；School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学天文与空间科学学院）；School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University（河南大学物理与电子学院）；School of Physical Science and Technology, Xinjiang University（新疆大学物理科学与技术学院）；School of Physics and Astronomy, China West Normal University（西华师范大学物理与天文学院）
Cosmic strings are a well-motivated extension to the standard cosmological model and could induce a subdominant component in the anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), in addition to the standard inflationary component. The detection of strings, while observationally challenging, would provide a direct probe of physics at very high energy scales. We develop a new framework for cosmic string inference, constructing a Bayesian analysis in wavelet space where the string-induced CMB component has distinct statistical properties to the standard inflationary component. Our wavelet-Ba…
Surveys of the cosmic large-scale structure carry opportunities for building and testing cosmological theories about the origin and evolution of the Universe. This endeavor requires appropriate data assimilation tools, for establishing the contact between survey catalogs and models of structure formation. In this thesis, we present an innovative statistical approach for the ab initio simultaneous analysis of the formation history and morphology of the cosmic web: the BORG algorithm infers the primordial density fluctuations and produces physical reconstructions of the dark matter distribution …
In this paper, we carry out a new model-independent cosmological test for the cosmic distance duality relation~(CDDR) by combining the latest five baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) measurements and the Pantheon type Ia supernova (SNIa) sample. Particularly, the BAO measurement from extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey~(eBOSS) data release~(DR) 16 quasar sample at effective redshift $z=1.48$ is used, and two methods, i.e. a compressed form of Pantheon sample and the Artificial Neural Network~(ANN) combined with the binning SNIa method, are applied to overcome the redshift-matching …
The cosmic distance duality relation (CDDR), eta(z)=(1+z)^2 d_A(z)/d_L(z)=1, is one of the most fundamental and crucial formulae in cosmology. This relation couples the luminosity and angular diameter distances, two of the most often used measures of structure in the Universe. We here propose a new model-independent method to test this relation, using strong gravitational lensing (SGL) and the high-redshift quasar Hubble diagram reconstructed with a Bezier parametric fit. We carry out this test without pre-assuming a zero spatial curvature, adopting instead the value Omega_K=0.001 +/- 0.002 op…
The cosmic distance duality relation (DDR) is constrained from the combination of type-Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) and strong gravitational lensing (SGL) systems using deep learning method. To make use of the full SGL data, we reconstruct the luminosity distance from SNe Ia up to the highest redshift of SGL using deep learning, then it is compared with the angular diameter distance obtained from SGL. Considering the influence of lens mass profile, we constrain the possible violation of DDR in three lens mass models. Results show that in the SIS model and EPL model, DDR is violated at high confidenc…
The birth of the first luminous sources and the ensuing epoch of reionization are best studied via the redshifted 21-cm emission line, the signature of the first two imprinting the last. In this work we present a fully-Bayesian method, \textsc{hibayes}, for extracting the faint, global (sky-averaged) 21-cm signal from the much brighter foreground emission. We show that a simplified (but plausible), Gaussian model of the 21-cm emission from the Cosmic Dawn epoch ($15 \lesssim z \lesssim 30$), parameterized by an amplitude $A_{\rm HI}$, a frequency peak $ν_{\rm HI}$ and a width $σ_{\rm HI}$, can…
The cosmic distance relation (DDR) associates the angular diameters distance ($D_A$) and luminosity distance ($D_L$) by a simple formula, i.e., $D_L=(1+z)^2D_A$. The strongly lensed gravitational waves (GWs) provide a unique way to measure $D_A$ and $D_L$ simultaneously to the GW source, hence can be used as probes to test DDR. In this paper, we prospect the use of strongly lensed GW events from the future Einstein Telescope to test DDR. We write the possible deviation of DDR as $(1+z)^2D_A/D_L=η(z)$, and consider two different parametrizations of $η(z)$, namely, $η_1(z)=1+η_0 z$ and $η_2(z)=1…
The cosmic distance duality relation (CDDR) has been test through several astronomical observations in the last years. This relation establishes a simple equation relating the angular diameter ($D_A$) and luminosity ($D_L$) distances at a redshift $z$, $D_LD_A^{-1}(1+z)^{-2}=η=1$. However, only very recently this relation has been observationally tested at high redshifts ($z \approx 3.6$) by using luminosity distances from type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) and gamma ray bursts (GRBs) plus angular diameter distances from strong gravitational lensing (SGL) observations. The results show that no signif…
The construction of the cosmic distance-duality relation (CDDR) has been widely studied. However, its consistency with various new observables remains a topic of interest. We present a new way to constrain the CDDR $η(z)$ using different dynamic and geometric properties of strong gravitational lenses (SGL) along with SNe Ia observations. We use a sample of $102$ SGL with the measurement of corresponding velocity dispersion $σ_0$ and Einstein radius $θ_E$. In addition, we also use a dataset of $12$ two image lensing systems containing the measure of time delay $Δt$ between source images. Jointl…
