The joint understanding of vision and language has been recently gaining a lot of attention in both the Computer Vision and Natural Language Processing communities, with the emergence of tasks such as image captioning, image-text matching, and visual question answering. As both images and text can be encoded as sets or sequences of elements -- like regions and words -- proper reduction functions are needed to transform a set of encoded elements into a single response, like a classification or similarity score. In this paper, we propose a novel fully-attentive reduction method for vision and language. Specifically, our approach computes a set of scores for each element of each modality employing a novel variant of cross-attention, and performs a learnable and cross-modal reduction, which can be used for both classification and ranking. We test our approach on image-text matching and visual question answering, building fair comparisons with other reduction choices, on both COCO and VQA 2.0 datasets. Experimentally, we demonstrate that our approach leads to a performance increase on both tasks. Further, we conduct ablation studies to validate the role of each component of the approach.
Mitigating Hallucinations via Inter-Layer Consistency Aggregation in Large Vision-Language Models
Peking University（北京大学）；University of Pennsylvania（宾夕法尼亚大学）；Nanyang Technological University（南洋理工大学）；Tsinghua University（清华大学）；Virginia Tech（弗吉尼亚理工大学）；University of Electronic Science and Technology of China（电子科技大学）；De Artificial Intelligence Lab（人工智能实验室）
Towards Mitigating Modality Bias in Vision-Language Models for Temporal Action Localization
UVLab, Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick（华威大学计算机科学系UVLab）；Department of Automation, University of Cambridge（剑桥大学自动化系）；Department of Computer Science, The University of Sheffield（谢菲尔德大学计算机科学系）
PCA-Seg: Revisiting Cost Aggregation for Open-Vocabulary Semantic and Part Segmentation
Nanjing University of Science and Technology（南京理工大学）；Nanjing Normal University（南京师范大学）；Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University（成均馆大学电子与计算机工程系）；University of Electronic Science and Technology of China（电子科技大学）；State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing of Advanced Construction Machinery（先进施工机械智能制造国家重点实验室）
RAZER: Robust Accelerated Zero-Shot 3D Open-Vocabulary Panoptic Reconstruction with Spatio-Temporal Aggregation
Control/Robotics Research Laboratory (CRRL), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering（控制/机器人研究实验室（CRRL），电气与计算机工程系，纽约大学Tandon工程学院）
Vision and voice are two vital keys for agents' interaction and learning. In this paper, we present a novel indoor navigation model called Memory Vision-Voice Indoor Navigation (MVV-IN), which receives voice commands and analyzes multimodal information of visual observation in order to enhance robots' environment understanding. We make use of single RGB images taken by a first-view monocular camera. We also apply a self-attention mechanism to keep the agent focusing on key areas. Memory is important for the agent to avoid repeating certain tasks unnecessarily and in order for it to adapt adequ…
Shenzhen Automatic Rehabilitation Laboratory（深圳市自动康复实验室）；New York University（纽约大学）；Shenzhen Children’s Hospital（深圳市儿童医院）
Movement and pose assessment of newborns lets experienced pediatricians predict neurodevelopmental disorders, allowing early intervention for related diseases. However, most of the newest AI approaches for human pose estimation methods focus on adults, lacking publicly benchmark for infant pose estimation. In this paper, we fill this gap by proposing infant pose dataset and Deep Aggregation Vision Transformer for human pose estimation, which introduces a fast trained full transformer framework without using convolution operations to extract features in the early stages. It generalizes Transfor…
University of Washington (UW)（华盛顿大学）；Rochester Institute of Technology（罗切斯特理工学院）
Accurate and real-time surgical instrument segmentation is important in the endoscopic vision of robot-assisted surgery, and significant challenges are posed by frequent instrument-tissue contacts and continuous change of observation perspective. For these challenging tasks more and more deep neural networks (DNN) models are designed in recent years. We are motivated to propose a general embeddable approach to improve these current DNN segmentation models without increasing the model parameter number. Firstly, observing the limited rotation-invariance performance of DNN, we proposed the Multi-…
SenseTime Research（商汤科技研究院）；The University of Sydney（悉尼大学）；The University of Tokyo（东京大学）；University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）
Vision transformers (ViTs) are usually considered to be less light-weight than convolutional neural networks (CNNs) due to the lack of inductive bias. Recent works thus resort to convolutions as a plug-and-play module and embed them in various ViT counterparts. In this paper, we argue that the convolutional kernels perform information aggregation to connect all tokens; however, they would be actually unnecessary for light-weight ViTs if this explicit aggregation could function in a more homogeneous way. Inspired by this, we present LightViT as a new family of light-weight ViTs to achieve bette…
Huazhong University of Science & Technology（华中科技大学）；Horizon Robotics（地平线机器人）
Recent studies indicate that hierarchical Vision Transformer with a macro architecture of interleaved non-overlapped window-based self-attention \& shifted-window operation is able to achieve state-of-the-art performance in various visual recognition tasks, and challenges the ubiquitous convolutional neural networks (CNNs) using densely slid kernels. Most follow-up works attempt to replace the shifted-window operation with other kinds of cross-window communication paradigms, while treating self-attention as the de-facto standard for window-based information aggregation. In this manuscript, we …
Transformers have shown great success in medical image segmentation. However, transformers may exhibit a limited generalization ability due to the underlying single-scale self-attention (SA) mechanism. In this paper, we address this issue by introducing a Multi-scale hiERarchical vIsion Transformer (MERIT) backbone network, which improves the generalizability of the model by computing SA at multiple scales. We also incorporate an attention-based decoder, namely Cascaded Attention Decoding (CASCADE), for further refinement of multi-stage features generated by MERIT. Finally, we introduce an eff…
Visual appearance is considered to be the most important cue to understand images for cross-modal retrieval, while sometimes the scene text appearing in images can provide valuable information to understand the visual semantics. Most of existing cross-modal retrieval approaches ignore the usage of scene text information and directly adding this information may lead to performance degradation in scene text free scenarios. To address this issue, we propose a full transformer architecture to unify these cross-modal retrieval scenarios in a single $\textbf{Vi}$sion and $\textbf{S}$cene $\textbf{T}…
For many computer vision applications, such as image description and human identification, recognizing the visual attributes of humans is an essential yet challenging problem. Its challenges originate from its multi-label nature, the large underlying class imbalance and the lack of spatial annotations. Existing methods follow either a computer vision approach while failing to account for class imbalance, or explore machine learning solutions, which disregard the spatial and semantic relations that exist in the images. With that in mind, we propose an effective method that extracts and aggregat…
Meta AI；Sorbonne University（索邦大学）；Inria（法国国家信息与自动化研究所）
We show how to augment any convolutional network with an attention-based global map to achieve non-local reasoning. We replace the final average pooling by an attention-based aggregation layer akin to a single transformer block, that weights how the patches are involved in the classification decision. We plug this learned aggregation layer with a simplistic patch-based convolutional network parametrized by 2 parameters (width and depth). In contrast with a pyramidal design, this architecture family maintains the input patch resolution across all the layers. It yields surprisingly competitive t…
Transferring knowledges learned from multiple source domains to target domain is a more practical and challenging task than conventional single-source domain adaptation. Furthermore, the increase of modalities brings more difficulty in aligning feature distributions among multiple domains. To mitigate these problems, we propose a Learning to Combine for Multi-Source Domain Adaptation (LtC-MSDA) framework via exploring interactions among domains. In the nutshell, a knowledge graph is constructed on the prototypes of various domains to realize the information propagation among semantically adjac…
Xiamen University（厦门大学）；Ryerson University（瑞尔森大学）；Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所）
Rain streaks showing in images or videos would severely degrade the performance of computer vision applications. Thus, it is of vital importance to remove rain streaks and facilitate our vision systems. While recent convolutinal neural network based methods have shown promising results in single image rain removal (SIRR), they fail to effectively capture long-range location dependencies or aggregate convolutional channel information simultaneously. However, as SIRR is a highly illposed problem, these spatial and channel information are very important clues to solve SIRR. First, spatial informa…
Multi-instance learning is common for computer vision tasks, especially in biomedical image processing. Traditional methods for multi-instance learning focus on designing feature aggregation methods and multi-instance classifiers, where the aggregation operation is performed either in feature extraction or learning phase. As deep neural networks (DNNs) achieve great success in image processing via automatic feature learning, certain feature aggregation mechanisms need to be incorporated into common DNN architecture for multi-instance learning. Moreover, flexibility and reliability are crucial …
Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models have become the state-of-the-art for most computer vision tasks with natural images. However, these are not best suited for multi-gigapixel resolution Whole Slide Images (WSIs) of histology slides due to large size of these images. Current approaches construct smaller patches from WSIs which results in the loss of contextual information. We propose to capture the spatial context using novel Representation-Aggregation Network (RAN) for segmentation purposes, wherein the first network learns patch-level representation and the second network aggregates co…
Human pose and shape estimation from RGB images is a highly sought after alternative to marker-based motion capture, which is laborious, requires expensive equipment, and constrains capture to laboratory environments. Monocular vision-based algorithms, however, still suffer from rotational ambiguities and are not ready for translation in healthcare applications, where high accuracy is paramount. While fusion of data from multiple viewpoints could overcome these challenges, current algorithms require further improvement to obtain clinically acceptable accuracies. In this paper, we propose a lea…
Das-nano；Veridas；Universidad Pública de Navarra（纳瓦拉公立大学）
Spatial pooling is an important step in computer vision systems like Convolutional Neural Networks or the Bag-of-Words method. The spatial pooling purpose is to combine neighbouring descriptors to obtain a single descriptor for a given region (local or global). The resultant combined vector must be as discriminant as possible, in other words, must contain relevant information, while removing irrelevant and confusing details. Maximum and average are the most common aggregation functions used in the pooling step. To improve the aggregation of relevant information without degrading their discrimi…
Federated Vision Transformer with Adaptive Focal Loss for Medical Image Classification
School of Artificial Intelligence, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China, 541004（桂林电子科技大学人工智能学院）；The Laboratory for Imagery, Vision and Artificial Intelligence, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montreal, Canada, H3C 1K3（影像、视觉与人工智能实验室）；College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Saudi Arabia, 42353（塔布大学医学院）；Department of Radiology, Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Al Madinah, Saudi Arabia, 42324（王子穆罕默德·本·阿卜杜勒阿齐兹医院放射科）；College of Computer Science and Engineering, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia, 42353（塔布大学计算机科学与工程学院）；Engineering, Jeddah University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, 23445（吉达大学工程学院）
PE-Mamba: Bidirectional Selective Layer Aggregation for AI-Generated Image Detection
College of Innovation & Technology, University of Michigan-Flint（密歇根大学弗林特分校创新与技术学院）；School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea Aerospace University（韩国航空大学电子与信息工程学院）
TraRA: Trajectory-level Recognition Aggregation for Video Text Spotting in Urban Surveillance
RIKEN（日本理化学研究所）；Hanoi University of Science and Technology（河内科学技术大学）；Nagoya University（名古屋大学）；Lawrence Technological University（劳伦斯技术大学）；Ritsumeikan University（立命馆大学）
Shanghai AI Laboratory（上海人工智能实验室）；CUHK-SenseTime Joint Lab（香港中文大学-商汤科技联合实验室）；Allen Institute for AI（艾伦人工智能研究所）；University of Washington（华盛顿大学）
Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are ubiquitous in computer vision, with a myriad of effective and efficient variations. Recently, Transformers -- originally introduced in natural language processing -- have been increasingly adopted in computer vision. While early adopters continue to employ CNN backbones, the latest networks are end-to-end CNN-free Transformer solutions. A recent surprising finding shows that a simple MLP based solution without any traditional convolutional or Transformer components can produce effective visual representations. While CNNs, Transformers and MLP-Mixers may…
Emotional Intelligence in Human-Computer Interaction has attracted increasing attention from researchers in multidisciplinary research fields including psychology, computer vision, neuroscience, artificial intelligence, and related disciplines. Human prone to naturally interact with computers face-to-face. Human Expressions is an important key to better link human and computers. Thus, designing interfaces able to understand human expressions and emotions can improve Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) for better communication. In this paper, we investigate HCI via a deep multi-facial patches aggr…
In recent years, privacy-preserving methods for deep learning have become an urgent problem. Accordingly, we propose the combined use of federated learning (FL) and encrypted images for privacy-preserving image classification under the use of the vision transformer (ViT). The proposed method allows us not only to train models over multiple participants without directly sharing their raw data but to also protect the privacy of test (query) images for the first time. In addition, it can also maintain the same accuracy as normally trained models. In an experiment, the proposed method was demonstr…
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China（电子科技大学）；Northwestern Polytechnical University（西北工业大学）；University of Georgia（佐治亚大学）；University of Texas at Arlington（德克萨斯大学阿灵顿分校）
Vision transformer (ViT) and its variants have achieved remarkable successes in various visual tasks. The key characteristic of these ViT models is to adopt different aggregation strategies of spatial patch information within the artificial neural networks (ANNs). However, there is still a key lack of unified representation of different ViT architectures for systematic understanding and assessment of model representation performance. Moreover, how those well-performing ViT ANNs are similar to real biological neural networks (BNNs) is largely unexplored. To answer these fundamental questions, w…
Transformer-based models have been widely demonstrated to be successful in computer vision tasks by modelling long-range dependencies and capturing global representations. However, they are often dominated by features of large patterns leading to the loss of local details (e.g., boundaries and small objects), which are critical in medical image segmentation. To alleviate this problem, we propose a Dual-Aggregation Transformer Network called DuAT, which is characterized by two innovative designs, namely, the Global-to-Local Spatial Aggregation (GLSA) and Selective Boundary Aggregation (SBA) mod…
TempBEV: Improving Learned BEV Encoders with Combined Image and BEV Space Temporal Aggregation
Mercedes-Benz Research & Development North America（梅赛德斯-奔驰北美研发中心）；University of Stuttgart（斯图加特大学）；University of Massachusetts Amherst（马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校）；Pennsylvania State University（宾夕法尼亚州立大学）；University of Southampton（南安普顿大学）
Image search systems based on local descriptors typically achieve orientation invariance by aligning the patches on their dominant orientations. Albeit successful, this choice introduces too much invariance because it does not guarantee that the patches are rotated consistently. This paper introduces an aggregation strategy of local descriptors that achieves this covariance property by jointly encoding the angle in the aggregation stage in a continuous manner. It is combined with an efficient monomial embedding to provide a codebook-free method to aggregate local descriptors into a single vect…
