arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2004.12812astro-ph.EPastro-ph.SR
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温暖海王星周围的He I高层大气GJ 3470 b

A He I upper atmosphere around the warm Neptune GJ 3470b

E. Palle, L. Nortmann, N. Casasayas-Barris, M. Lampón, M. López-Puertas, J. A. Caballero, J. Sanz-Forcada, L. M. Lara, E. Nagel, F. Yan, F. J. Alonso-Floriano, … 展开作者

E. Palle, L. Nortmann, N. Casasayas-Barris, M. Lampón, M. López-Puertas, J. A. Caballero, J. Sanz-Forcada, L. M. Lara, E. Nagel, F. Yan, F. J. Alonso-Floriano, P. J. Amado, G. Chen, C. Cifuentes, M. Cortés-Contreras, S. Czesla, K. Molaverdikhani, D. Montes, V. M. Passegger, A. Quirrenbach, A. Reiners, I. Ribas, A. Sánchez-López, A. Schweitzer, M. Stangret, M. R. Zapatero Osorio, M. Zechmeister

摘要:

高分辨率凌日光谱学已被证明是表征系外行星大气化学成分的可靠技术。利用CARMENES摄谱仪的广泛光谱覆盖范围,我们发起了一项旨在表征广泛行星系统的调查。在这里,我们报告了我们的观察三个过渡的\tplanet与CARMENES在搜索\het \吸收。在其中一个夜晚,He~{ \sc i}区被OH $^-$大地辐射严重污染,因此,它对我们的目的没有用处。由于天气原因,剩下的两个晚上的信噪比(S/N)非常不同。它们都表明在\tplanet的透射光谱中存在\het \吸收,尽管只有在具有较高S/N的夜晚才能声称统计上有效的检测。对于那个夜晚,我们检索到1.5 $\pm$ 0.3\%的吸收深度,转换为该波长处的$R_p(λ)/R_p = 1.15\pm 0.14$。同一个夜晚的分光光度光变曲线也表明在行星过境期间存在额外的吸收,吸收深度一致。的\het \吸收建模详细使用辐射传输代码,我们的建模工作的结果进行比较的意见。发现质量损失率\mlr在$T$ = 6000\,K到10\,$\times\,10^{10}$ \,\gs \($T$ = 9000\,K)的范围内,仅为3\,$\times\,10^{10}$ \,\gs \.我们讨论了在\tplanet中探测到He~{ \sc i}的物理机制和意义,并将其与其他海王星大小的行星中的类似探测和未探测进行了比较。我们还提出了改进的恒星和行星的参数测定基于我们的可见光和近红外观测。

英文摘要:

High resolution transit spectroscopy has proven to be a reliable technique for the characterization of the chemical composition of exoplanet atmospheres. Taking advantage of the broad spectral coverage of the CARMENES spectrograph, we initiated a survey aimed at characterizing a broad range of planetary systems. Here, we report our observations of three transits of \tplanet with CARMENES in search of \het\ absorption. On one of the nights, the He~{\sc i} region was heavily contaminated by OH$^-$ telluric emission and, thus, it was not useful for our purposes. The remaining two nights had a very different signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) due to weather. They both indicate the presence of \het\ absorption in the transmission spectrum of \tplanet, although a statistically valid detection can only be claimed for the night with higher S/N. For that night, we retrieved a 1.5$\pm$0.3\% absorption depth, translating into a $R_p(λ)/R_p = 1.15\pm 0.14$ at this wavelength. Spectro-photometric light curves for this same night also indicate the presence of extra absorption during the planetary transit with a consistent absorption depth. The \het\ absorption is modeled in detail using a radiative transfer code, and the results of our modeling efforts are compared to the observations. We find that the mass-loss rate, \mlr, is confined to a range of 3\,$\times\,10^{10}$\,\gs\ for $T$ = 6000\,K to 10\,$\times\,10^{10}$\,\gs\ for $T$ = 9000\,K. We discuss the physical mechanisms and implications of the He~{\sc i} detection in \tplanet and put it in context as compared to similar detections and non-detections in other Neptune-size planets. We also present improved stellar and planetary parameter determinations based on our visible and near-infrared observations.

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