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arXiv 2204.05971astro-ph.EP
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亚海王星大气和内部的化学多样性:GJ 436 b的个例研究

Chemical diversity of the atmospheres and interiors of sub-Neptunes: a case study of GJ 436 b

A. Guzmán-Mesa, D. Kitzmann, C. Mordasini, K. Heng

摘要:

亚海王星的大气层预计将表现出相当大的化学多样性,超出了对巨型气体系外行星的预期。在目前的研究中,我们构建了自洽的辐射转移和平衡化学模型来探索这种化学多样性。我们使用GJ 436 b作为案例研究,进一步研究联合大气-内部模式。特别是,我们约束的内部和大气层的行星上可用的斯皮策测量的基础上的属性。虽然它是可能的,以适应发射光谱的GJ 436 b使用高金属丰度模型,我们证明,这样的气氛是不一致的物理上合理的内部结构。目前的情况仍然是,没有任何现有的研究可以充分适应4.5微米斯皮策二次日食测量,这可能是由化学不平衡引起的。最后,一个信息含量分析表明,发射和透射光谱限制在不同波长的碳氧比和金属丰度,但前者是不太容易受到来自高度富集金属的大气层的平坦光谱。随着最近推出的JWST,我们建议未来的分析发射和传输光谱的亚海王星行星进行自洽使用大气和内部结构模型。

英文摘要:

The atmospheres of sub-Neptunes are expected to exhibit considerable chemical diversity, beyond what is anticipated for gas-giant exoplanets. In the current study, we construct self-consistent radiative transfer and equilibrium chemistry models to explore this chemical diversity. We use GJ 436 b as a case study to further study joint atmosphere-interior models. In particular, we constrain the properties of the interior and atmosphere of the planet based on the available Spitzer measurements. While it is possible to fit the emission spectrum of GJ 436 b using a high-metallicity model, we demonstrate that such an atmosphere is inconsistent with physically plausible interior structures. It remains the case that no existing study can adequately fit the 4.5-micron Spitzer secondary eclipse measurement, which is probably caused by chemical disequilibrium. Finally, an information content analysis reveals that emission and transmission spectra constrain the carbon-to-oxygen ratio and metallicity at different wavelengths, but the former are less susceptible to flat spectra stemming from highly metal-enriched atmospheres. With the recently-launched JWST, we recommend that future analysis of emission and transmission spectra of sub-Neptune planets are carried out self-consistently using both the atmospheric and interior structure models.

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