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arXiv 2402.10690astro-ph.EP
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沿半径谷的亚海王星大气中氘和氦的强烈分馏

Strong fractionation of deuterium and helium in sub-Neptune atmospheres along the radius valley

Collin Cherubim, Robin Wordsworth, Renyu Hu, Evgenya Shkolnik

AI总结:

研究使用 IsoFATE 模型模拟亚海王星大气逃逸中的氘和氦分馏,发现分馏机制和质量保留依赖性可为探究半径谷起源、行星表面压力及区分行星类型提供新策略。

摘要:

我们使用 IsoFATE(一个新的开源数值模型)模拟了逃逸行星大气中的大气分馏。我们将先前研究的参数空间扩展到具有稀薄大气的行星,这些行星表现出最大的氦和氘增强。我们模拟了 EUV 驱动的光蒸发和核心驱动质量损失对 G、K 和 M 星周围亚海王星大气中氘-氢和氦-氢分馏的影响。我们的模拟预测,在半径谷的上边缘存在大量氘和氦增强的行星群,其平均平衡温度为 370 K,且在不同恒星类型下低至 150 K。我们发现分馏依赖于机制,因此约束亚海王星大气中的 He/H 和 D/H 丰度提供了一种独特的策略来研究低质量恒星周围半径谷的起源。分馏也强烈依赖于保留的大气质量,为行星表面压力提供了代理指标,并提供了区分干涸包覆类地行星与水世界的方法。氘增强行星倾向于氦主导且 CH4 贫乏,为在 3.7 μm 窗口观测 HDO 提供了有前景的策略。我们提出了一份有前景的观测后续目标列表。

英文摘要:

We simulate atmospheric fractionation in escaping planetary atmospheres using IsoFATE, a new open-source numerical model. We expand the parameter space studied previously to planets with tenuous atmospheres that exhibit the greatest helium and deuterium enhancement. We simulate the effects of EUV-driven photoevaporation and core-powered mass loss on deuterium-hydrogen and helium-hydrogen fractionation of sub-Neptune atmospheres around G, K, and M stars. Our simulations predict prominent populations of deuterium- and helium-enhanced planets along the upper edge of the radius valley with mean equilibrium temperatures of 370 K and as low as 150 K across stellar types. We find that fractionation is mechanism-dependent, so constraining He/H and D/H abundances in sub-Neptune atmospheres offers a unique strategy to investigate the origin of the radius valley around low-mass stars. Fractionation is also strongly dependent on retained atmospheric mass, offering a proxy for planetary surface pressure as well as a way to distinguish between desiccated enveloped terrestrials and water worlds. Deuterium-enhanced planets tend to be helium-dominated and CH4-depleted, providing a promising strategy to observe HDO in the 3.7 um window. We present a list of promising targets for observational follow-up.

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