arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2004.12319q-bio.PEnlin.AO
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非洲的COVID-19-尽管采取了干预措施,但还是爆发了疫情?

COVID-19 in Africa -- outbreak despite interventions?

Malte Schröder, Andreas Bossert, Moritz Kersting, Sebastian Aeffner, Justin Coetzee, Marc Timme, Jan Schlüter

摘要:

截至2020年4月18日,很少有非洲国家报告的COVID-19病例数超过$1\,000$,南非报告的$3\,034$病例在撒哈拉以南非洲受到的打击最大。一些非洲国家,特别是南非,已经采取了强有力的非药物干预措施,包括实际距离,限制经济、教育和休闲活动,减少人员流动选择。然而,由于大多数非洲国家同时存在但又相互对立的利益,人们对这种干预措施所需的力量和总体效力进行了辩论:保健能力和检测能力极为有限,这在很大程度上与国家经济的压力和个人的社会经济困难相冲突,限制了对干预目标的遵守。在此,我们调查了干预措施对COVID-19疫情动态的影响,重点关注南非在2020年3月27日实施全国封锁之前和之后的情况。我们的分析表明,现有病例数的初始指数增长与大约$2.5$天的倍增时间一致。封锁后,增长仍呈指数增长,目前翻倍时间为18天,但仍与封锁后湖北/中国报告的指数以下增长形成对比。此外,纳尔逊曼德拉湾市(拥有$1.14$百万居民)基于计算数据驱动的代理人流动性模型的情景分析表明,将当前水平的干预措施和遵守情况保持到4月底的时间不够长,仍然太弱,太不具体或太不一致,无法使当地重症监护能力过载。然而,持久的、稍强有力的、更具体的干预措施加上充分的遵守,可能是南非各地区以及非洲大陆大部分地区干预措施的一个可行选择。

英文摘要:

Few African countries have reported COVID-19 case numbers above $1\,000$ as of April 18, 2020, with South Africa reporting $3\,034$ cases being hit hardest in Sub-Saharan Africa. Several African countries, especially South Africa, have already taken strong non-pharmaceutical interventions that include physical distancing, restricted economic, educational and leisure activities and reduced human mobility options. The required strengths and overall effectiveness of such interventions, however, are debated because of simultaneous but opposing interests in most African countries: strongly limited health care capacities and testing capabilities largely conflict with pressured national economies and socio-economic hardships on the individual level, limiting compliance to intervention targets. Here we investigate implications of interventions on the COVID-19 outbreak dynamics, focusing on South Africa before and after the national lockdown enacted on March 27, 2020. Our analysis shows that initial exponential growth of existing case numbers is consistent with doubling times of about $2.5$ days. After lockdown, the growth remains exponential, now with doubling times of 18 days, but still in contrast to subexponential growth reported for Hubei/China after lockdown. Moreover, a scenario analysis of a computational data-driven agent based mobility model for the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality (with $1.14$ million inhabitants) hints that keeping current levels of intervention measures and compliance until the end of April is of insufficient length and still too weak, too unspecific or too inconsistently complied with to not overload local intensive care capacity. Yet, enduring, slightly stronger, more specific interventions combined with sufficient compliance may constitute a viable option for interventions for regions in South Africa and potentially for large parts of the African continent.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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