arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2004.10579astro-ph.SR
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$K2$超冷矮人巡天。VI。L5矮星上的白光超耀斑和L型矮星的耀斑率

$K2$ Ultracool Dwarfs Survey. VI. White light superflares observed on an L5 dwarf and flare rates of L dwarfs

Rishi R. Paudel, John E. Gizis, D. J. Mullan, Peter K. G. Williams, Adam J. Burgasser, Sarah J. Schmidt

摘要:

利用Kepler K2的长周期数据研究了45颗L型矮星的白光耀斑。我们在9颗L型矮星上发现了11个耀斑,其等效持续时间为(1.3 - 198)小时,总能量(紫外/可见/红外)为0.9 $\geq$ 10 $^{32}$ erg。两个能量为$>$ 10 $^{33}$ erg的超级耀斑在一颗L5矮星上被探测到:这是迄今为止发现耀斑的最冷的天体。这颗L5矮星上较大的超级耀斑的能量为4.6 $\times$ 10 $^{34}$尔格,振幅为300倍于光球水平:到目前为止,这是$Kepler/K2$任务探测到的最大振幅耀斑。我们发现的第二颗最冷的恒星是L2矮星:2 MASS J 08585891 +1804463。将我们在9颗L矮星上发现的所有耀斑的能量与$Kepler$对所有45颗L矮星的总观测时间相结合,构造了一个复合耀斑频率分布(FFD)。FFD斜率相当浅(-0.51 $\pm$ 0.17),与Paudel等人(2018)报告的一个特定L0矮星的早期结果一致,该矮星的FFD斜率为-0.34。使用复合FFD,我们预测,在早期和中期的L矮星,每2.4年发生一次能量为10 $^{33}$ erg的超级耀斑,每7.9年发生一次能量为10 $^{34}$ erg的超级耀斑。对我们的L型矮星耀斑的分析表明,恒星表面存在$\geq$ 0.13-1.3 kG的磁场:这样的磁场可以抑制II型射电爆发。

英文摘要:

Kepler K2 long cadence data are used to study white light flares in a sample of 45 L dwarfs. We identified 11 flares on 9 L dwarfs with equivalent durations of (1.3 - 198) hr and total (UV/optical/IR) energies of $\geq$0.9 $\times$ 10$^{32}$ erg. Two superflares with energies of $>$10$^{33}$ erg were detected on an L5 dwarf: this is the coolest object so far on which flares have been identified. The larger superflare on this L5 dwarf has an energy of 4.6$\times$ 10$^{34}$ ergs and an amplitude of $>$300 times the photospheric level: so far, this is the largest amplitude flare detected by the $Kepler/K2$ mission. The next coolest star on which we identified a flare was an L2 dwarf: 2MASS J08585891+1804463. Combining the energies of all the flares which we have identified on 9 L dwarfs with the total observation time which was dedicated by $Kepler$ to all 45 L dwarfs, we construct a composite flare frequency distribution (FFD). The FFD slope is quite shallow (-0.51$\pm$0.17), consistent with earlier results reported by Paudel et al. (2018) for one particular L0 dwarf, for which the FFD slope was found to be -0.34. Using the composite FFD, we predict that, in early and mid-L dwarfs, a superflare of energy 10$^{33}$ erg occurs every 2.4 years and a superflare of energy 10$^{34}$ erg occurs every 7.9 years. Analysis of our L dwarf flares suggests that magnetic fields of $\geq$0.13-1.3 kG are present on the stellar surface: such fields could suppress Type II radio bursts.

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