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arXiv 1504.01491astro-ph.SR
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恒星超耀斑中的振荡

Oscillations in stellar superflares

L. A. Balona, A. -M. Broomhall, A. Kosovichev, V. M. Nakariakov, C. E. Pugh, T. Van Doorsselaere

摘要:

两种不同的机制可能会导致恒星耀斑的整盘观测准周期脉动(QPP)。一种机制可能是磁流体磁(MHD)力和其他过程作用于耀斑环,如在太阳中看到的。另一种机制可能是由于耀斑产生的高能粒子脉冲(在太阳中称为“日震”)而被迫产生的局部声振荡。我们分析了75颗恒星的257个耀斑的短节奏开普勒数据,以寻找可能归因于这两种机制之一的耀斑衰变分支或耀斑后振荡中的QPP。大约18%的恒星耀斑在耀斑衰变分支中显示出一个明显的凸起,其原因不明。由于小波分析得到的碰撞周期与任何恒星参数都不相关,因此碰撞似乎不是一个高阻尼的全局振荡。我们检测到阻尼振荡覆盖几个周期(QPP),在七个耀斑的五颗星。这些振荡的周期也不与任何恒星参数相关,这表明这些可能是由于耀斑环振荡。我们寻找强耀斑后可能导致的强迫全球振荡。为此,我们研究了耀斑前后八颗恒星的类太阳振荡振幅的行为。然而,未检测到明显的振幅变化。我们还分析了两颗盾牌座δ星和一颗剑鱼座γ星在耀斑前后的自激脉动幅度。我们的结论是,需要找到一个新的过程来解释恒星耀斑光变曲线的高发生率的颠簸,耀斑环振荡可能已经在少数恒星中检测到,并没有确凿的证据存在耀斑引起的全球声振荡(星震)。

英文摘要:

Two different mechanisms may act to induce quasi-periodic pulsations (QPP) in whole-disk observations of stellar flares. One mechanism may be magneto-hydromagnetic (MHD) forces and other processes acting on flare loops as seen in the Sun. The other mechanism may be forced local acoustic oscillations due to the high-energy particle impulse generated by the flare (known as `sunquakes' in the Sun). We analyze short-cadence Kepler data of 257 flares in 75 stars to search for QPP in the flare decay branch or post-flare oscillations which may be attributed to either of these two mechanisms. About 18 percent of stellar flares show a distinct bump in the flare decay branch of unknown origin. The bump does not seem to be a highly-damped global oscillation because the periods of the bumps derived from wavelet analysis do not correlate with any stellar parameter. We detected damped oscillations covering several cycles (QPP), in seven flares on five stars. The periods of these oscillations also do not correlate with any stellar parameter, suggesting that these may be a due to flare loop oscillations. We searched for forced global oscillations which might result after a strong flare. To this end, we investigated the behaviour of the amplitudes of solar-like oscillations in eight stars before and after a flare. However, no clear amplitude change could be detected. We also analyzed the amplitudes of the self-excited pulsations in two delta Scuti stars and one gamma Doradus star before and after a flare. Again, no clear amplitude changes were found. Our conclusions are that a new process needs to be found to explain the high incidence of bumps in stellar flare light curves, that flare loop oscillations may have been detected in a few stars and that no conclusive evidence exists as yet for flare induced global acoustic oscillations (starquakes).

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