Alex Fink, Zeinab Toghani
We show that solution sets of systems of tropical differential equations can be characterised in terms of monomial-freeness of an initial ideal. We discuss a candidate definition of tropical differential basis and give a nonexistence result for such bases in an example.
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The notion of geometric construction is introduced. This notion allows to compare incidence configurations in the algebraic and tropical plane. We provide an algorithm such that, given a tropical instance of a geometric construction, it computes sufficient conditions to have an algebraic counterpart related by tropicalization. We also provide sufficient conditions in a geometric construction to ensure that the algebraic counterpart always exists. Geometric constructions are applied to transfer classical theorems to the tropical framework, we provide a notion of incidence theorems and prove sev…
We explore the concept of real tropical basis of an ideal in the field of real Puiseux series. We show explicit tropical bases of zero-dimensional real radical ideals, linear ideals and hypersurfaces coming from combinatorial patchworking. But we also show that there exist real radical ideals that do not admit a tropical basis. As an application, we show how to compute the set of singular points of a real tropical hypersurface. i.e. we compute the real tropical discriminant.
We develop some algebraic structure notions such as composition series and convexity degree, along with some notions holding a geometric interpretation, like reducibility and hyperdimension, with the main objective being a tropical Krull-Schmidt theorem.
In her Ph.D. thesis, Mainò introduced the notion of enriched structure on stable curves and constructed their moduli space. In this paper we give a tropical notion of enriched structure on tropical curves and construct a moduli space parametrizing these objects. Moreover, we use this construction to give a toric description of the scheme parametrizing enriched structures on a fixed stable curve.
We consider the question of when points in tropical affine space uniquely determine a tropical hypersurface. We introduce a notion of multiplicity of points so that this question may be meaningful even if some of the points coincide. We give a geometric/combinatorial way and a tropical linear-algebraic way to approach this question. First, given a fixed hypersurface, we show how one can determine whether points on the hypersurface determine it by looking at a corresponding marking of the dual complex. With a regularity condition on the dual complex and when the number of points is minimal, we …
We give an explicit upper bound for the degree of a tropical basis of a homogeneous polynomial ideal. As an application f-vectors of tropical varieties are discussed. Various examples illustrate differences between Gröbner and tropical bases.
Poincaré duality for singular tropical hypersurfaces
本文研究了非原始三角剖分下热带超曲面的Poincaré二重性，提出了原始程度的概念并推广了完全Poincaré二重性定理。
This paper proves the $4 \times 4$ minors of a $5 \times 5$ symmetric matrix of indeterminates are a tropical basis.
Given a smooth Mori dream space $X$ we construct a model dominating all the small $\mathbb{Q}$-factorial modifications via tropicalization. This construction allows us to recover a Minkowski basis for the Newton-Okounkov bodies of divisors on $X$ and hence the movable cone of $X$. The existence of such basis allows us to prove the polyhedrality of the global Newton-Okounkov body and the existence of toric degenerations.
These notes outline some basic notions of Tropical Geometry and survey some of its applications for problems in classical (real and complex) geometry. To appear in the Proceedings of the Madrid ICM.
About finite differential tropical basis for linear ODE's
本文针对线性常微分方程的热带化提出开放问题，以开发计算其经典解收敛半径的方法，研究由Fink等2022年引入的有限差分热带基，初步考察二阶与三阶情况。
We investigate a canonical extension of a conventional combinatorial notion of reduced divisors to a notion of tropical projections, which can be defined as the unique minimizers of the so-called $B$-pseudonorms with respect to compact tropical convex sets. In this paper, we build the foundation of a theory of idempotent analysis using tropical projections and obtain a series of subsequent results, e.g. tropical retracts, construction of compact tropical convex sets and a set-theoretical characterization of tropical weak independence. In particular, we prove a tropical version of Mazur's Theor…
Asymptotic Behavior of Tropical Rank Functions
本文研究了热带曲线上的两个主要秩概念的渐进行为，引入了与除子和热带模相关的热带体积概念，并证明了每种情况下的最优渐进行果，同时展示了热带体积与曲线的热带化相容性。
The tropical variety of a $d$-dimensional prime ideal in a polynomial ring with complex coefficients is a pure $d$-dimensional polyhedral fan. This fan is shown to be connected in codimension one. We present algorithmic tools for computing the tropical variety, and we discuss our implementation of these tools in the Gröbner fan software \texttt{Gfan}. Every ideal is shown to have a finite tropical basis, and a sharp lower bound is given for the size of a tropical basis for an ideal of linear forms.
We study positivity notions for the tropicalization of type A flag varieties and the flag Dressian. We focus on the hollow case, where we have one constituent of rank 1 and another of corank 1. We characterize the three different notions that exist for this case in terms of Plücker coordinates. These notions are the tropicalization of the totally non-negative flag variety, Bruhat subdivisions and the non-negative flag Dressian. We show the first example where the first two concepts above do not coincide. In this case the non-negative flag Dressian equals the tropicalization of the Plücker non-…
Lorentzian polynomials and the incidence geometry of tropical linear spaces
本文通过洛伦兹正位置概念，研究热带线性空间的incidences几何，揭示经典线性几何性质在热带线性空间中的失效与保留
We introduce the notion of tropical curves of hyperelliptic type. These are tropical curves whose Jacobian is isomorphic to that of a hyperelliptic tropical curve, as polarized tropical abelian varieties. We show that this property depends only on the underlying graph of a tropical curve and is preserved when passing to genus $\geq 2$ connected minors. The main result is an excluded minors characterization of tropical curves of hyperelliptic type.
We study the notion of singular tropical hypersurfaces of any dimension. We characterize the singular points in terms of tropical Euler derivatives and we give an algorithm to compute all singular points. We also describe non-transversal intersection points of planar tropical curves.
In this paper we study general tropical linear spaces locally: For any basis B of the matroid underlying a tropical linear space L, we define the local tropical linear space L_B to be the subcomplex of L consisting of all vectors v that make B a basis of maximal v-weight. The tropical linear space L can then be expressed as the union of all its local tropical linear spaces, which we prove are homeomorphic to Euclidean space. Local tropical linear spaces have a simple description in terms of polyhedral matroid subdivisions, and we prove that they are dual to mixed subdivisions of Minkowski sums…
These condensed notes treat some basic notions in Tropical Geometry (varieties, cycles, modifications, equivalence). These topics are to be extended, illustrated and included to the upcoming book project http://www.math.toronto.edu/mikha/book.pdf .
This paper introduces the foundations of the polynomial algebra and basic structures for algebraic geometry over the extended tropical semiring. Our development, which includes the tropical version for the fundamental theorem of algebra, leads to the reduced polynomial semiring -- a structure that provides a basis for developing a tropical analogue to the classical theory of commutative algebra. The use of the new notion of tropical algebraic com-sets, built upon the complements of tropical algebraic sets, eventually yields the tropical algebraic Nullstellensatz.
The aim of this paper is to study homological properties of tropical fans and to propose a notion of smoothness in tropical geometry, which goes beyond matroids and their Bergman fans and which leads to an enrichment of the category of smooth tropical varieties. Among the resulting applications, we prove the Hodge isomorphism theorem which asserts that the Chow rings of smooth unimodular tropical fans are isomorphic to the tropical cohomology rings of their corresponding canonical compactifications, and prove a slightly weaker statement for any unimodular fan. We furthermore introduce a notion…
We introduce the notion of tropical defects, certificates that a system of polynomial equations is not a tropical basis, and provide two algorithms for finding them in affine spaces of complementary dimension to the zero set. We use these techniques to solve open problems regarding del Pezzo surfaces of degree 3 and realizability of valuated gaussoids on 4 elements.
We introduce the notion of tropical area of a tropical curve defined in an open subset of $\mathbb R^n$. We prove that the number of vertices of a tropical curve is bounded by the area of the curve. The approach is totally elementary yet tricky. Our proof employs ideas from intersection theory in algebraic geometry. The result can be interpreted as the fact that the moduli space of tropical curves with bounded area is of finite type.
Tropical initial degeneration for systems of algebraic differential equations
本文利用热带赋值诱导的单位球（Bézout整环）构造代数微分方程系统的整模型，证明其极大理想对应单项式序，从而定义并研究微分情形的初始退化、初始形式与初始理想。
Polynomial, trigonometric, and tropical activations
本文提出多项式、三角函数和热带激活函数，通过简单初始化训练深度模型，解决激活和梯度爆炸问题，并提升大规模学习任务效率。
Elementary solutions of ordinary tropical differential equations, and vanishing orders of solutions of algebraic differential equations
本文利用热带微分代数，研究非线性代数常微分方程形式幂级数解的消失阶，通过热带化将问题转化为热带基本解集的分析，并证明代数微分方程解的消失阶包含于其热带化方程的基本解消失阶中。
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