In the Simulations and Constructions of the Reionization of Cosmic Hydrogen (SCORCH) project, we compare analytical models of the hydrogen ionization fraction with radiation-hydrodynamic simulations. We derive analytical models of the mass-weighted hydrogen ionization fraction from the local ionization balance equations as a more accurate alternative to the widely adopted model based on the volume filling factor. In particular, our model has a recombination term quadratic in the ionization fraction, which is consistent with the two-body interaction nature of recombination. Then, we use the radiation-hydrodynamic simulations to study the clumping factors needed to solve the analytical equations, and provide accurate fitting functions. We find that the ionized hydrogen clumping factors from our radiative transfer simulations are significantly different than those from other simulations that use a uniform photoionization background. In addition to redshift dependence, we also see the dependence of ionized hydrogen clumping factor on ionization fraction, and we incorporate this into our fits. We calculate the reionization histories using our analytical models and clumping factors and compare with widely adopted models, and all of our models achieve $<7\%$ difference from simulation results while the other models have $>20\%$ deviations. The Thomson optical depths from reionization calculated from our analytical models result in $<5\%$ deviation from simulations, while the previous analytical models have $>20\%$ difference in and could result in biased conclusions of the IGM reionization.
The impact of inhomogeneous subgrid clumping on cosmic reionization II: modelling stochasticity
小尺度的密度波动可以显著影响再电离，但通常模型相当粗糙。数值模拟和分析计算中未解决的波动包括使用气体聚集因子，通常假设为独立于当地环境。在论文I中，我们提出了一个改进的，局部密度相关的亚网格气体聚集模型。在这里，我们使用经验随机模型的基础上，从高分辨率的数值模拟，完全解决所有相关的波动的结果。我们的模型再现以及平均密度成团关系和它的分散。我们应用我们的随机模型，以及平均聚团和论文I确定性模型，创建一个大体积实现的聚团场，并使用这些宇宙再电离的辐射转移模拟。我们的研究结果表明，简单化的平均聚集模型延迟再电离相比，当地的密度依赖模型，尽管产生较少的重组整体。这是由于聚集的空间分布非常不同，导致在后一种情况下光电离率高得多。平均聚集模型在大部分再电离过程中产生较小的HII区域，但这些区域在后期渗透得更快。它还导致21 cm波动峰值的显著延迟，并在PDF分布中产生较低的非高斯性和更少的亮像素。随机密度依赖模型显示出与确定性模型相对较小的差异，主要集中在重叠周围，在那里它显着抑制21 cm波动，以及在21 cm PDF的明亮尾部，在那里它产生明显更明亮的像素。
The Lumina Project: Intergalactic Clumping and Recombination Sinks
The University of Texas at Dallas（德克萨斯大学达拉斯分校）；Institute for Basic Science（韩国基础科学研究所）；Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院）；York University（约克大学）；Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics（马克斯·普朗克天体物理学研究所）
An emulator for the ionizing photon mean free path in ultra-high resolution simulations: the implications of mean free path measurements for the reionization history
University of Washington（华盛顿大学）；Arizona State University（亚利桑那州立大学）；University of California Riverside（加州大学河滨分校）
