The Haagerup property for twisted groupoid dynamical systems
Bartosz Kwaśniewski, Kang Li, Adam Skalski
备注：
40 pages; v2 introduces many small corrections and updates references. The final version of the paper will appear in the Journal of Functional Analysis
We introduce the Haagerup property for twisted groupoid $C^*$-dynamical systems in terms of naturally defined positive-definite operator-valued multipliers. By developing a version of `the Haagerup trick' we prove that this property is equivalent to the Haagerup property of the reduced crossed product $C^*$-algebra with respect to the canonical conditional expectation $E$. This extends a theorem of Dong and Ruan for discrete group actions, and implies that a given Cartan inclusion of separable $C^*$-algebras has the Haagerup property if and only if the associated Weyl groupoid has the Haagerup property in the sense of Tu. We use the latter statement to prove that every separable $C^*$-algebra which has the Haagerup property with respect to some Cartan subalgebra satisfies the Universal Coefficient Theorem. This generalises a recent result of Barlak and Li on the UCT for nuclear Cartan pairs.
This is mainly an expository text on the Haagerup property for countable groupoids equipped with a quasi-invariant measure, aiming to complete an article of Jolissaint devoted to the study of this property for probability measure preserving countable equivalence relations. We show that our definition is equivalent to the one given by Ueda in terms of the associated inclusion of von Neumann algebras. It makes obvious the fact that treeability implies the Haagerup property for such groupoids. For the sake of completeness, we also describe, or recall, the connections with amenability and Kazhdan …
Let $G$ be a discrete countable group and $C$ its central subgroup with $G/C$ treeable. We show that for any treeable action of $G/C$ on a standard probability space $X$, the groupoid $G\ltimes X$ is isomorphic to the direct product of $C$ and $(G/C)\ltimes X$, through cohomology of groupoids. We apply this to show that any group in the minimal class of groups containing treeable groups and closed under taking direct products, commensurable groups and central extensions has the Haagerup property.
The second author showed how Katsura's construction of the C*-algebra of a topological graph E may be twisted by a Hermitian line bundle L over the edge space E. The correspondence defining the algebra is obtained as the completion of the compactly supported continuous sections of L. We prove that the resulting C*-algebra is isomorphic to a twisted groupoid C*-algebra where the underlying groupoid is the Renault-Deaconu groupoid of the topological graph with Yeend's boundary path space as its unit space.
We prove that the Brauer-Picard group of Morita autoequiv- alences of each of the three fusion categories which arise as an even part of the Asaeda-Haagerup subfactor or of its index 2 extension is the Klein four-group. We describe the 36 bimodule categories which occur in the full subgroupoid of the Brauer-Picard groupoid on these three fusion categories. We also classify all irreducible subfactors both of whose even parts are among these categories, of which there are 111 up to isomorphism of the planar algebra (76 up to duality). Although we identify the entire Brauer-Picard group, there ma…
This article extends the main results of the publication arXiv:2001.01312 to the case of a twisted groupoid. More precisely, it gives a decomposition of the C*-algebra of a twisted locally compact groupoid with Haar system in presence of a normal subgroupoid. When the normal subgroupoid and the twist over it are abelian, one obtains another twisted groupoid C*-algebra. This is applied to C*-algebraic deformation quantization and to multiplier representations of locally compact abelian groups.
We extend the Delorme-Guichardet characterization of Kazhdan property $T$ groups to $r$-discrete measured groupoids. We give several applications, in particular to stability results of Kazhdan property $T$ and to the study of cocycles taking values in a group having the Haagerup property.
Given a saturated Fell bundle A over an inverse semigroup S which is semi-abelian in the sense that the fibers over the idempotents of S are commutative, we construct a twisted etale groupoid L such that A can be recovered from L in a canonical way. As an application we recover most of Renault's recent result on the classification of Cartan subalgebras of C*-algebras through twisted etale groupoids.
The quantum Heisenberg manifolds are noncommutive manifolds constructed by M. Rieffel as strict deformation quantizations of Heisenberg manifolds and have been studied by various authors. Rieffel constructed the quantum Heisenberg manifolds as the generalized fixed-point algebras of certain crossed product $C^*$-algebras, and they also can be realized as crossed products of $C(\mathbb{T}^2)$ by Hilbert $C^*$-bimodules in the sense of Abadie et al. In this paper, we describe how the quantum Heisenberg manifolds can also be realized as twisted groupoid $C^*$-algebras.
Let $C^*$-algebra that is acted upon by a compact abelian group. We show that if the fixed-point algebra of the action contains a Cartan subalgebra $D$ satisfying an appropriate regularity condition, then $A$ is the reduced $C^*$-algebra of a groupoid twist. We further show that the embedding $D \hookrightarrow A$ is uniquely determined by the twist. These results generalize Renault's results on Cartan subalgebras of $C^*$-algebras.
Renault proved in 2008 that if $G$ is a topologically principal groupoid, then $C_0(G^{(0)})$ is a Cartan subalgebra in $C^*_r(G, Σ)$ for any twist $Σ$ over $G$. However, there are many groupoids which are not topologically principal, yet their (twisted) $C^*$-algebras admit Cartan subalgebras. This paper gives a dynamical description of a class of such Cartan subalgebras, by identifying conditions on a 2-cocycle $c$ on $G$ and a subgroupoid $S \subseteq G$ under which $C^*_r(S, c)$ is Cartan in $C^*_r(G, c)$. When $G$ is a discrete group, we also describe the Weyl groupoid and twist associate…
We consider the notion of the graph product of actions of groups $\left\{G_v\right\}$ on a $C^*$-algebra $\mathcal{A}$ and show that under suitable commutativity conditions the graph product action $\bigstar_Γα_v: \bigstar_ΓG_v \curvearrowright \mathcal{A}$ has the Haagerup property if each action $α_v: G_v \curvearrowright \mathcal{A}$ possesses the Haagerup property. This generalizes the known results on graph products of groups with the Haagerup property. To accomplish this, we introduce the graph product of multipliers associated to the actions and show that the graph product of positive d…
The quantum double of the Haagerup subfactor, the first irreducible finite depth subfactor with index above 4, is the most obvious candidate for exotic modular data. We show that its modular data DHg fits into a family $D^ωHg_{2n+1}$, where $n\ge 0$ and $ω\in \bbZ_{2n+1}$. We show $D^0 Hg_{2n+1}$ is related to the subfactors Izumi hypothetically associates to the cyclic groups $Z_{2n+1}$. Their modular data comes equipped with canonical and dual canonical modular invariants; we compute the corresponding alpha-inductions etc. In addition, we show there are (respectively) 1, 2, 0 subfactors of I…
We present a uniqueness theorem for the reduced C*-algebra of a twist $\mathcal{E}$ over a Hausdorff étale groupoid $\mathcal{G}$. We show that the interior $\mathcal{I}^\mathcal{E}$ of the isotropy of $\mathcal{E}$ is a twist over the interior $\mathcal{I}^\mathcal{G}$ of the isotropy of $\mathcal{G}$, and that the reduced twisted groupoid C*-algebra $C_r^*(\mathcal{I}^\mathcal{G}; \mathcal{I}^\mathcal{E})$ embeds in $C_r^*(\mathcal{G}; \mathcal{E})$. We also investigate the full and reduced twisted C*-algebras of the isotropy groups of $\mathcal{G}$, and we provide a sufficient condition und…
Given a normal subgroup bundle $\mathcal A$ of the isotropy bundle of a groupoid $Σ$, we obtain a twisted action of the quotient groupoid $Σ/\mathcal A$ on the bundle of group $C^*$-algebras determined by $\mathcal A$ whose twisted crossed product recovers the groupoid $C^*$-algebra $C^*(Σ)$. Restricting to the case where $\mathcal A$ is abelian, we describe $C^*(Σ)$ as the $C^*$-algebra associated to a $\mathbf T$-groupoid over the tranformation groupoid obtained from the canonical action of $Σ/\mathcal A$ on the Pontryagin dual space of $\mathcal A$. We give some illustrative examples of thi…
It is a well-known result of Eymard that the Fourier-Stieltjes algebra of a locally compact group $G$ can be identified with the dual of the group $\cs$ $C^{*}(G)$. A corresponding result for a locally compact groupoid $G$ has been investigated by Renault, Ramsay and Walter. We show that the Fourier-Stieltjes algebra $B_μ(G)$ of $G$ (with respect to a quasi-invariant measure $μ$ on the unit space $X$ of $G$) can be characterized in operator space terms as the dual of the Haagerup tensor product $\ov{L^{2}(X,μ)}^{r}\otimes_{hA}C^{*}(G,μ)\otimes_{h A}L^2(X,μ)^c$ and as the space of completely bo…
We treat spectral problems by twisted groupoid methods. To Hausdorff locally compact groupoids endowed with a continuous $2$-cocycle one associates the reduced twisted groupoid $C^*$-algebra. Elements (or multipliers) of this algebra admit natural Hilbert space representations. We show the relevance of the orbit closure structure of the unit space of the groupoid in dealing with spectra, norms, numerical ranges and $ε$-pseudospectra of the resulting operators. As an example, we treat a class of pseudo-differential operators introduced recently, associated to group actions. We also prove a Deco…
The goal of this paper is to construct a calculus whose higher indices are naturally elements in the twisted K-theory groups for Lie groupoids. Given a Lie groupoid $G$ and a $PU(H)$-valued groupoid cocycle, we construct an algebra of projective pseudodifferential operators. The subalgebra of regularizing operators identifies with the naturally associated smooth convolution algebra of the associated twisted gerbe. We develop the associated symbolic calculus, symbol short exact sequences and existence of parametrices. In particular the algebra of projective operators appears as a quantization o…
We study the ranges of the maps of convolution $u\otimes v\mapsto u\ast v$ and a `twisted' convolution $u\otimes v\mapsto u\ast \check{v}$ ($\check{u}(s)=u(s^{-1})$) and on the Haagerup tensor product of a Fourier algebra of a compact group $A(G)$ with itself. We compare the results to result of factoring these maps through projective and operator projective tensor products. We notice that $(A(G),\ast)$ is an operator algebra and observe an unexpected set of spectral synthesis.
We consider fiberwise singly generated Fell-bundles over etale groupoids. Given a continuous real-valued 1-cocycle on the groupoid, there is a natural dynamics on the cross-sectional algebra of the Fell bundle. We study the Kubo-Martin-Schwinger equilibrium states for this dynamics. Following work of Neshveyev on equilibrium states on groupoid C*-algebras, we describe the equilibrium states of the cross-sectional algebra in terms of measurable fields of traces on the C*-algebras of the restrictions of the Fell bundle to the isotropy subgroups of the groupoid. As a special case, we obtain a des…
We develop equivariant KK-theory for locally compact groupoid actions by Morita equivalences on real and complex graded C*-algebras. Functoriality with respect to generalised morphisms and Bott periodicity are discussed. We introduce Stiefel-Whitney classes for real or complex equivariant vector bundles over locally compact groupoids to establish the Thom isomorphism theorem in twisted groupoid K-theory.
We show that every groupoid C*-algebra is isomorphic to its opposite, and deduce that there exist C*-algebras that are not stably isomorphic to groupoid C*-algebras, though many of them are stably isomorphic to twisted groupoid C*-algebras. We also prove that the opposite algebra of a section algebra of a Fell-bundle over a groupoid is isomorphic to the section algebra of a natural opposite bundle.
We study bounded operators defined in terms of the regular representations of the $C^*$-algebra of an amenable, Hausdorff, second countable locally compact groupoid endowed with a continuous $2$-cocycle. We concentrate on spectral quantities associated to natural quotients of this twisted algebra, such as the essential spectrum, the essential numerical range, and Fredholm properties. We obtain decompositions for the regular representations associated to units of the groupoid belonging to a free locally closed orbit, in terms of spectral quantities attached to points (or orbits) in the boundary…
Inspired by recent papers on twisted $K$-theory, we consider in this article the question of when a twist $\mathcal{R}$ over a locally compact Hausdorff groupoid $\mathcal{G}$ (with unit space a CW-complex) admits a twisted vector bundle, and we relate this question to the Brauer group of $\mathcal{G}$. We show that the twists which admit twisted vector bundles give rise to a subgroup of the Brauer group of $\mathcal{G}$. When $\mathcal{G}$ is an étale groupoid, we establish conditions (involving the classifying space $B\mathcal{G}$ of $\mathcal{G}$) which imply that a torsion twist $\mathcal{…
Let E be a second-countable, locally compact, Hausdorff groupoid equipped with an action of T such that G:=E/T is a principal groupoid with Haar system λ. The twisted groupoid C*-algebra C*(E;G,λ) is a quotient of the C*-algebra of E obtained by completing the space of T-equivariant functions on E. We show that C*(E;G,λ) is postliminal if and only if the orbit space of G is T_0 and that C*(E;G, λ) is liminal if and only if the orbit space is T_1. We also show that C*(E;G, λ) has bounded trace if and only if G is integrable and that C*(E;G, λ) is a Fell algebra if and only if G is Cartan. Let \…
Given a not-necessarily Hausdorff, topologically free, twisted étale groupoid $(G, L)$, we consider its "essential groupoid C*-algebra", denoted $C^*_{ess}(G, L)$, obtained by completing $C_c(G, L)$ with the smallest among all C*-seminorms coinciding with the uniform norm on $C_c(G^0)$. The inclusion of C*-algebras $(C_0(G^0), C^*_{ess}(G, L))$ is then proven to satisfy a list of properties characterizing it as what we call a "weak Cartan inclusion". We then prove that every weak Cartan inclusion $(A, B)$, with $B$ separable, is modeled by a topologically free, twisted étale groupoid, as above…
This paper investigates the $\mathrm{K}$-theory of twisted groupoid $\mathrm{C}^*$-algebras. It is shown that a homotopy of twists on an ample groupoid satisfying the Baum-Connes conjecture with coefficients gives rise to an isomorphism between the $\mathrm{K}$-theory groups of the respective twisted groupoid $\mathrm{C}^*$-algebras. The results are also interpreted in an inverse semigroup setting and applied to generalized Renault-Deaconu groupoids and $P$-graph algebras.
We construct the geometric Baum-Connes assembly map for twisted Lie groupoids, that means for Lie groupoids together with a given groupoid equivariant $PU(H)-$principle bundle. The construction is based on the use of geometric deformation groupoids, these objects allow in particular to give a geometric construction of the associated pushforward maps and to establish the functoriality. The main results in this paper are to define the geometric twisted K-homology groups and to construct the assembly map. Even in the untwisted case the fact that the geometric twisted K-homology groups and the geo…
We show how to recover a discrete twist over an ample Hausdorff groupoid from a pair consisting of an algebra and what we call a quasi-Cartan subalgebra. We identify precisely which twists arise in this way (namely, those that satisfy the local bisection hypothesis), and we prove that the assignment of twisted Steinberg algebras to such twists and our construction of a twist from a quasi-Cartan pair are mutually inverse. We identify the algebraic pairs that correspond to effective groupoids and to principal groupoids. We also indicate the scope of our results by identifying large classes of tw…
We introduce twisted Steinberg algebras over a commutative unital ring $R$. These generalise Steinberg algebras and are a purely algebraic analogue of Renault's twisted groupoid C*-algebras. In particular, for each ample Hausdorff groupoid $G$ and each locally constant $2$-cocycle $σ$ on $G$ taking values in the units $R^\times$, we study the algebra $A_R(G,σ)$ consisting of locally constant compactly supported $R$-valued functions on $G$, with convolution and involution "twisted" by $σ$. We also introduce a "discretised" analogue of a twist $Σ$ over a Hausdorff étale groupoid $G$, and we show…
We examine a semigroup analogue of the Kumjian-Renault representation of C*-algebras with Cartan subalgebras on twisted groupoids. Specifically, we show how to represent semigroups with distinguished normal subsemigroups as `slice-sections' of groupoid bundles.
We study the groupoid C*-algebras associated to the equivalence relation induced by a quotient map on a locally compact Hausdorff space. This C*-algebra is always a Fell algebra, and if the quotient space is Hausdorff, it is a continuous-trace algebra. We show that the C*-algebra of a locally compact, Hausdorff and principal groupoid is a Fell algebra if and only if the groupoid is one of these relations, extending a theorem of Archbold and Somerset about etale groupoids. The C*-algebras of these relations are, up to Morita equivalence, precisely the Fell algebras with trivial Dixmier-Douady i…
When the reduced twisted $C^*$-algebra $C^*_r(\mathcal{G}, c)$ of a non-principal groupoid $\mathcal{G}$ admits a Cartan subalgebra, Renault's work on Cartan subalgebras implies the existence of another groupoid description of $C^*_r(\mathcal{G}, c)$. In an earlier paper, joint with Reznikoff and Wright, we identified situations where such a Cartan subalgebra arises from a subgroupoid $\mathcal{S}$ of $\mathcal{G}$. In this paper, we study the relationship between the original groupoids $\mathcal{S}, \mathcal{G}$ and the Weyl groupoid and twist associated to the Cartan pair. We first identify …
