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arXiv 2004.05964cs.CLstat.APstat.ME
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关键词辅助主题模型

Keyword Assisted Topic Models

Harvard University(哈佛大学);Institute for Quantitative Social Science(定量社会科学研究所)

Shusei Eshima, Kosuke Imai, Tomoya Sasaki

摘要:

近年来,基于概率主题模型的全自动内容分析因其可扩展性而受到社会科学家的欢迎。模型的无监督性质使其适合在没有先验知识的情况下探索语料库中的主题。然而,研究人员发现,这些模型往往无法衡量实质性利益的具体概念,无意中创建多个主题具有相似的内容,并将不同的主题组合成一个单一的主题。在本文中,我们经验证明,提供少量的关键字可以大大提高测量性能的主题模型。建议的关键字辅助主题模型(keyATM)的一个重要优点是,关键字的规范要求研究人员在拟合模型的数据之前标记主题。这与普遍存在的事后专题解释和调整做法形成鲜明对比,这种做法损害了实证研究结果的客观性。在我们的应用程序中,我们发现keyATM提供了更多的可解释的结果,有更好的文档分类性能,是不太敏感的主题比标准的主题模型的数量。最后,我们表明,keyATM也可以纳入协变量和模型的时间趋势。有一个开放源码软件包可用于实施拟议的方法。

英文摘要:

In recent years, fully automated content analysis based on probabilistic topic models has become popular among social scientists because of their scalability. The unsupervised nature of the models makes them suitable for exploring topics in a corpus without prior knowledge. However, researchers find that these models often fail to measure specific concepts of substantive interest by inadvertently creating multiple topics with similar content and combining distinct themes into a single topic. In this paper, we empirically demonstrate that providing a small number of keywords can substantially enhance the measurement performance of topic models. An important advantage of the proposed keyword assisted topic model (keyATM) is that the specification of keywords requires researchers to label topics prior to fitting a model to the data. This contrasts with a widespread practice of post-hoc topic interpretation and adjustments that compromises the objectivity of empirical findings. In our application, we find that keyATM provides more interpretable results, has better document classification performance, and is less sensitive to the number of topics than the standard topic models. Finally, we show that keyATM can also incorporate covariates and model time trends. An open-source software package is available for implementing the proposed methodology.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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