The parabolic Allen-Cahn equation is a semilinear partial differential equation linked to the mean curvature flow by a singular perturbation. We show an improved convergence property of the parabolic Allen-Cahn equation to the mean curvature flow, which is the parabolic analogue of the improved convergence property of the elliptic Allen-Cahn to minimal surfaces by Wang-Wei and Chodosh-Mantoulidis. More precisely, we show if the phase-transition level sets are converging in $C^2$, then they converge in $C^{2,θ}$. As an application, we obtain a curvature estimate for parabolic Allen-Cahn equation, which can be viewed as a diffused version of Brakke's and White's regularity theorem for mean curvature flow
In this paper we consider the Allen-Cahn equation with constraint. In 1994, Chen and Elliott studied the asymptotic behavior of the solution of the Allen-Cahn equation with constraint. They proved that the zero level set of the solution converges to the classical solution of the mean curvature flow under the suitable conditions on initial data. In 1993, Ilmanen proved the existence of the mean curvature flow via the Allen-Cahn equation without constraint in the sense of Brakke. We proved the same conclusion for the Allen-Cahn equation with constraint.
We show that strictly stable components of Allen-Cahn minimal hypersurfaces always occur with multiplicity one. We also establish the uniqueness of solutions converging to nondegenerate hypersurfaces with multiplicity one. Our results work in all dimensions and without variational assumptions on the Allen-Cahn solutions.
We study perturbations of the Allen-Cahn equation and prove the convergence to forced mean curvature flow in the sharp interface limit. We allow for perturbations that are square-integrable with respect to the diffuse surface area measure. We give a suitable generalized formulation for forced mean curvature flow and apply previous results for the Allen-Cahn action functional. Finally we discuss some applications.
In this paper we find solutions $u_ε$ to a certain class of vector-valued parabolic Allen-Cahn equation that as $ε\to 0$ develops as interface a given triod evolving under curve shortening flow.
In this paper we prove an analogue of the Brakke's $\varepsilon$-regularity theorem for the parabolic Allen-Cahn equation. In particular, we show uniform $C^{2,α}$ regularity for the transition layers converging to smooth mean curvature flows as $\varepsilon\rightarrow0$. The proof utilises Allen-Cahn versions of the monotonicity formula, parabolic Lipschitz approximation and blowups. A corresponding gap theorem for entire eternal solutions of the parabolic Allen-Cahn is also obtained. As an application of the regularity theorem, we give an affirmative answer to a question of Ilmanen that ther…
In this paper, we consider bounded positive solutions to the Allen-Cahn equation on complete noncompact Riemannian manifolds without boundary. We derive gradient estimates for those solutions. As an application, we get a Liouville type theorem on manifolds with nonnegative Ricci curvature.
This paper presents a conditional convergence result of solutions to the Allen--Cahn equation with arbitrary potentials to a De Giorgi type $ \mathrm{BV} $-solution to multiphase mean curvature flow. Moreover we show that De Giorgi type $\mathrm{BV} $-solutions are De Giorgi type varifold solutions, and thus our solution is unique in a weak-strong sense.
This paper presents a new partial differential equation to build Brakke's motion, which is a weak notion of mean curvature flow. We call the equation a modified Allen-Cahn equation abbreviated to MAC. After that we introduce its benefit: An improved estimate on the discrepant energy that means the equipartition of the first energy. This equation is obtained by rendering the parameter in Allen-Cahn equation time-dependent and adding a term like Z-transform. Furthermore, we mention the existence of a Brakke's motion through our MAC.
We define a (mean curvature flow) entropy for Radon measures in $\mathbb{R}^n$ or in a compact manifold. Moreover, we prove a monotonicity formula of the entropy of the measures associated with the parabolic Allen-Cahn equations. If the ambient manifold is a compact manifold with non-negative sectional curvature and parallel Ricci curvature, this is a consequence of a new monotonicity formula for the parabolic Allen-Cahn equation. As an application, we show that when the entropy of the initial data is small enough (less than twice of the energy of the one-dimensional standing wave), the limit …
We study a singular limit problem of the Allen-Cahn equation with Neumann boundary conditions and general initial data of uniformly bounded energy. We prove that the time-parametrized family of limit energy measures is Brakke's mean curvature flow with a generalized right angle condition on the boundary.
We make use of the flexibility of infinite-index solutions to the Allen-Cahn equation to show that, given any compact hypersurface $Σ$ of R^d, with $d\geq 4$, there is a bounded entire solution of the Allen-Cahn equation on R^d whose zero level set has a connected component diffeomorphic (and arbitrarily close) to a rescaling of $Σ$. More generally, we prove the existence of solutions with a finite number of compact connected components of prescribed topology in their zero level sets.
We use a min-max procedure on the Allen-Cahn energy functional to construct geodesics on closed, 2-dimensional Riemannian manifolds, as motivated by the work of Guaraco. Borrowing classical blowup and curvature estimates from geometric analysis, as well as novel Allen-Cahn curvature estimates due to Wang-Wei, we manage to study the fine structure of potential singular points at the diffuse level, and show that the problem reduces to that of understanding "entire" singularity models constructed by del Pino-Kowalczyk-Pacard with Morse index 1. The argument is completed by a Morse index estimate …
We prove the existence of global minimizers of Allen-Cahn equation in dimensions $8$ and above. More precisely, given any strictly area-minimizing Lawson's cones, there are global minimizers whose nodal sets are asymptotic to the cones. As a consequence of Jerison-Monneau's program we establish the existence of many counter-examples to the De Giorgi's conjecture different from the Bombierie-De Giorgi-Giusti minimal graph.
Let $M^n$ be a connected closed smooth manifold, where $n\geq 2$. In this article, we adapt the techniques in Micheletti and Pistoia (2009) and Ghimenti and Micheletti (2011) to prove the generic nondegeneracy for solutions of the Van der Waals-Allen-Cahn-Hilliard equation under a volume constraint in $M$.
We prove that given a minimal hypersurface $Γ$ in a compact Riemannian manifold $M$ without boundary, if all the Jacobi fields of $Γ$ are generated by ambient isometries, then we can find solutions of the Allen-Cahn equation $-\varepsilon^2Δu +W'(u)=0$ on $M$, for sufficiently small $\varepsilon>0$, whose nodal sets converge to $Γ$. This extends the results of Pacard-Ritoré (in the case of closed manifolds and zero mean curvature).
We construct new families of two-ended $O(m)\times O(n)$-invariant solutions to the Allen- Cahn equation Δu+u-u3=0 in $\mathbb{R}^{N+1}$, with $N\ge 7$, whose zero level sets diverge logarithmically from the Lawson cone at infinity. The construction is based on a careful study of the Jacobi-Toda system on a given $O(m)\times O(n)$-invariant manifold, which is asymptotic to the Lawson cone at infinity.
We prove a rigidity theorem in the style of Urbano for the Allen-Cahn equation on the three-sphere: the critical points with Morse index five are symmetric functions that vanish on a Clifford torus. Moreover they realise the fifth width of the min-max spectrum for the Allen-Cahn functional. We approach this problem by analysing the nullity and symmetries of these critical points. We then prove a suitable Frankel-type theorem for their nodal sets, generally valid in manifolds with positive Ricci curvature. This plays a key role in establishing the conclusion, and further allows us to derive anc…
In this paper we consider the Allen-Cahn equation $$ -Δu = u-u^3 \ \mbox{in} \ {\mathbb R}^3 $$ We prove that for each $k\in\left( \sqrt{2},+\infty\right),$ there exists a solution to the equation which has growth rate $k$, i.e. $$ \| u-H(\cdot -k \ln r + c_k) \|_{L^\infty} \to 0$$ The main ingredients of our proof consist: (1) compactness of solutions with growth $k$, (2) moduli space theory of analytical variety of formal dimension one.
In this article we study eternal solutions to the Allen-Cahn equation in the 3-sphere, in view of the connection between the gradient flow of the associated energy functional, and the mean curvature flow. We construct eternal integral Brakke flows that connect Clifford tori to equatorial spheres, and study a family of such flows, in particular their symmetry properties. Our approach is based on the realization of Brakke's motion by mean curvature as a singular limit of Allen-Cahn gradient flows, as studied by Ilmanen, and Tonegawa, and it uses the classification of ancient gradient flows in sp…
The Allen-Cahn equation is a semilinear PDE which is deeply linked to the theory of minimal hypersurfaces via a singular limit. We prove curvature estimates and strong sheet separation estimates for stable solutions (building on recent work of Wang-Wei) of the Allen-Cahn equation on a 3-manifold. Using these, we are able to show for generic metrics on a 3-manifold, minimal surfaces arising from Allen-Cahn solutions with bounded energy and bounded Morse index are two-sided and occur with multiplicity one and the expected Morse index. This confirms, in the Allen-Cahn setting, a strong form of th…
In this paper we present a new family of solutions to the singularly perturbed Allen-Cahn equation $α^2 Δu + u(1-u^2)=0, \quad \hbox{in }Ω\subset \R^N $ where $N=3$, $Ω$ is a smooth bounded domain and $\A>0$ is a small parameter. We provide asymptotic behavior which shows that, as $α\to 0$, the level sets of the solutions collapse onto a bounded portion of a complete embedded minimal surface with finite total curvature that intersects orthogonally $\partial Ω$ of the domain and that is non-degenerate respect to $Ω$. We provide explicit examples of surfaces to which our result applies.
In this short note, we prove that on the three-sphere with any bumpy metric there exist at least four solutions of the Allen-Cahn equation with spherical interface and index at most two. The proof combines several recent results from the literature.
We prove a differential Harnack inequality for the solution of the parabolic Allen-Cahn equation $ \frac{\partial f}{\partial t}=\triangle f-(f^3-f)$ on a closed n-dimensional manifold. As a corollary we find a classical Harnack inequality. We also formally compare the standing wave solution to a gradient estimate of Modica from the 1980s for the elliptic equation.
We give multiplicity results for the solutions of a nonlinear elliptic equation, with an asymmetric double well potential of Van der Waals-Allen--Cahn--Hilliard type, satisfying a linear volume constraint, on a bounded Lipschitz domain $Ω\subset\mathds R^N$. The number of solutions is estimated in terms of topological and homological invariants of the underlying domain $Ω$.
