We study various statistics regarding the distribution of the points \[\left\{\left(\frac{d}{q},\frac{\overline{d}}{q}\right) \in \mathbb{T}^2 : d \in (\mathbb{Z}/q\mathbb{Z})^{\times}\right\}\] as $q$ tends to infinity. Due to nontrivial bounds for Kloosterman sums, it is known that these points equidistribute on the torus. We prove refinements of this result, including bounds for the discrepancy, small scale equidistribution, bounds for the covering exponent associated to these points, sparse equidistribution, and mixing.
We show that geodesics in the upper half-plane attached to a maximal split torus or a real quadratic torus in $GL_{2, \mathbf{Q}}$ are the only irreducible algebraic curves whose image via the $j$-invariant is contained in an algebraic curve.
In this paper we compute a $q$-hypergeometric expression for the cyclotomic expansion of the colored Jones polynomial for the left-handed torus knot $(2,2t+1)$ and use this to define a family of quantum modular forms which are dual to the generalized Kontsevich-Zagier series.
We prove effective equidistribution of primitive rational points and of primitive rational points defined by monomials along long horocycle orbits in products of the torus and the modular surface. This answers a question posed in joint work by the first and the last named author with Shahar Mozes and Uri Shapira. Under certain congruence conditions we prove the joint equidistribution of conjugate rational points in the two-torus and the modular surface.
Certain objects of conformal field theory, for example partition functions on the rectangle and the torus, and one-point functions on the torus, are either invariant or transform simply under the modular group, properties which should be preserved under the $T\overline T$ deformation. The formulation and proof of this statement in fact extents to more general functions such as $T\overline T$ deformed modular and Jacobi forms. We show that the deformation acts simply on their Mellin transform, multiplying it by a universal entire function. Finally we show that Maass forms on the torus are eigen…
Elliptic modular graph forms (eMGFs) are non-holomorphic modular forms depending on a modular parameter $τ$ of a torus and marked points $z$ thereon. Traditionally, eMGFs are constructed from nested lattice sums over the discrete momenta on the worldsheet torus in closed-string genus-one amplitudes. In this work, we develop methods to translate the lattice-sum realization of eMGFs into iterated integrals over modular parameters $τ$ of the torus with particular focus on cases with one marked point. Such iterated-integral representations manifest algebraic and differential relations among eMGFs …
We study the modular symmetry in $T^2$ and orbifold comfactifications with magnetic fluxes. There are $|M|$ zero-modes on $T^2$ with the magnetic flux $M$. Their wavefunctions as well as massive modes behave as modular forms of weight $1/2$ and represent the double covering group of $Γ\equiv SL(2,\mathbb{Z})$, $\widetildeΓ \equiv \widetilde{SL}(2,\mathbb{Z})$. Each wavefunction on $T^2$ with the magnetic flux $M$ transforms under $\widetildeΓ(2|M|)$, which is the normal subgroup of $\widetilde{SL}(2,\mathbb{Z})$. Then, $|M|$ zero-modes are representations of the quotient group $\widetildeΓ'_{2…
We consider modular functions (i.e., the Eisenstein series and Hecke-Maass forms) for the group PSL(2,Z). We fix a quadratic number field E. This gives rise to twisted (by a Hecke character of the field E) periods of a modular function along the torus corresponding to E. We prove meromorphic continuation for a Dirichlet series generated by these twisted periods.
Let p and r be two primes and n, m be two distinct divisors of pr. Consider the n-th and m-th cyclotomic polynomials. In this paper, we present lower and upper bounds for the coefficients of the inverse of one of them modulo the other one. We mention an application to torus-based cryptography.
In this paper we formulate a conjecture which partially generalizes the Gross-Kohnen-Zagier theorem to higher weight modular forms. For f in S_k(N) satisfying certain conditions, we construct a map from the Heegner points of level N to a complex torus defined by f. We define higher weight analogues of Heegner divisors on this torus. We conjecture they all lie on a line, and their positions are given by the coefficients of a certain Jacobi form corresponding to f. In weight 2, our map is the modular parametrization map (restricted to Heegner points), and our conjectures are implied by Gross-Koh…
Let $p$ be a prime. Tate and Voloch proved that a point of finite order in the algebraic torus cannot be $p$-adically too close to a fixed subvariety without lying on it. The current work is motivated by the analogy between torsion points on semi-abelian varieties and special or CM points on Shimura varieties. We prove the analog of Tate and Voloch's result in a power of the modular curve Y(1) on replacing torsion points by points corresponding to a product of elliptic curves with complex multiplication and ordinary reduction. Moreover, we show that the assumption on ordinary reduction is nece…
We study periodic torus orbits on spaces of lattices. Using the action of the group of adelic points of the underlying tori, we define a natural equivalence relation on these orbits, and show that the equivalence classes become uniformly distributed. This is a cubic analogue of Duke's theorem about the distribution of closed geodesics on the modular surface: suitably interpreted, the ideal classes of a cubic totally real field are equidistributed in the modular 5-fold SL_3(Z)\SL_3(R)/SO_3(R). In particular, this proves (a stronger form of) the folklore conjecture that the collection of maximal…
In geometric quantization a zero-mode wave function in abelian Chern-Simons theory on the torus can be defined as $Ψ[ a, \bar{a} ] = e^{- \frac{K(a, \bar{a})}{2}} f (a)$ where $K(a ,\bar{a} )$ denotes a Kähler potential for the zero-mode variable $a \in \mathbb{C}$ on the torus. We first review that the holomorphic wave function $f(a)$ can be described in terms of the Jacobi theta functions by imposing gauge invariance on $Ψ[ a, \bar{a} ]$ where gauge transformations are induced by doubly periodic translations of $a$. We discuss that $f(a)$ is quantum theoretically characterized by ($i$) an op…
We study generating series of torus integrals that contain all so-called modular graph forms relevant for massless one-loop closed-string amplitudes. By analysing the differential equation of the generating series we construct a solution for its low-energy expansion to all orders in the inverse string tension $α'$. Our solution is expressed through initial data involving multiple zeta values and certain real-analytic functions of the modular parameter of the torus. These functions are built from real and imaginary parts of holomorphic iterated Eisenstein integrals and should be closely related…
Following McShane, we employ the stable norm on the homology of the modular torus to investigate the Markov ordering on the set of relatively prime integer pairs $(q,p)$ with $q\ge p\ge0$. Our main theorem is a characterization of slopes along which the Markov ordering is monotone with respect to $q$, confirming conjectures of Lee-Li-Rabideau-Schiffler that refine conjectures of Aigner. The main tool is an explicit computation of the slopes at the corners of the stable norm ball for the modular torus.
Modular graph functions arise in the calculation of the low-energy expansion of closed-string scattering amplitudes. For toroidal world-sheets, they are ${\rm SL}(2,\mathbb{Z})$-invariant functions of the torus complex structure that have to be integrated over the moduli space of inequivalent tori. We use methods from resurgent analysis to construct the non-perturbative corrections arising when the argument of the modular graph function approaches the cusp on this moduli space. ${\rm SL}(2,\mathbb{Z})$-invariance will in turn strongly constrain the behaviour of the non-perturbative sector when…
É.Ghys proved that the linking numbers of modular knots and the "missing" trefoil $K_{2,3}$ in $S^3$ coincide with the values of a highly ubiquitous function called the Rademacher symbol for ${\rm SL}_2\mathbb{Z}$. In this paper, we replace ${\rm SL}_2\mathbb{Z}=Γ_{2,3}$ by the triangle group $Γ_{p,q}$ for any coprime pair $(p,q)$ of integers with $2\leq p<q$. We invoke the theory of harmonic Maass forms for $Γ_{p,q}$ to introduce the notion of the Rademacher symbol $ψ_{p,q}$, and provide several characterizations. Among other things, we generalize Ghys's theorem for modular knots around any "…
We study semi-classical limits of eigenfunctions of a quantized linear hyperbolic automorphism of the torus ("cat map"). For some values of Planck's constant, the spectrum of the quantized map has large degeneracies. Our first goal in this paper is to show that these degeneracies are coupled to the existence of quantum symmetries. There is a commutative group of unitary operators on the state-space which commute with the quantized map and therefore act on its eigenspaces. We call these "Hecke operators", in analogy with the setting of the modular surface. We call the eigenstates of both the qu…
