In this paper we explore CP discrimination in the associated production of top-quark pairs ($t\bar{t}$) with a generic scalar boson ($ϕ$) at the LHC. We probe the CP-sensitivity of several observables for a varying scalar boson mass and CP-number, either CP-even ($ϕ=H$) or CP-odd ($ϕ=A$), using dileptonic final states of the $t\bar{t}ϕ$ system, with $ϕ\rightarrow b\bar{b}$. We show that CP-searches are virtually impossible for $ϕ$ boson masses above a few hundred GeV in this channel. A full phenomenological analysis was performed, using Standard Model background and signal events generated with MadGraph5 MC@NLO and reconstructed using a kinematic fit. The most sensitive CP-observables are used to compute Confidence Levels (CLs), as a function of luminosity, for the exclusion of different signal hypotheses with scalar and pseudoscalar boson masses that range from $m_ϕ$ = 40 GeV up to 200 GeV. We finalize by analysing the impact of a measurement (or limit) of the CP-violating angle in the parameter space of a complex two-Higgs doublet model known as the C2HDM.
Angular distribution of the secondary lepton in top-quark production followed by subsequent semi-leptonic decay is studied assuming general top-quark couplings. It is shown that the distribution does not depend on any possible anomalous tbW couplings and is determined only by the standard V-A decay vertex for any production mechanism if certain well-justified conditions are satisfied.
I demonstrate that the correlated angular distributions of final-state particles in both single-top-quark production and the dominant Wjj backgrounds can be reliably predicted. Using these fully-correlated angular distributions, I propose a set of cuts that can improve the single-top-quark discovery significance by 25%, and the signal to background ratio by a factor of 3 with very little theoretical uncertainty. Up to a subtlety in t-channel single-top-quark production, leading-order matrix elements are shown to be sufficient to reproduce the next-to-leading order correlated distributions.
We study the effects of dimension-8 operators on Drell-Yan production of lepton pairs at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). We identify a class of operators that leads to novel angular dependence not accounted for in current analyses. The observation of such effects would be a smoking-gun signature of new physics appearing at the dimension-8 level. We propose an extension of the currently used angular basis and show that these effects should be observable in future LHC analyses for realistic values of the associated dimension-8 Wilson coefficients.
We apply a generalized spin-basis analysis to associated Higgs production and gauge boson pair production at LEP. This framework allows us to identify a choice of spin axes for the processes e+ e- --> ZH,ZZ which leads to strikingly different correlations among the decay products, even well above threshold. This spin basis optimizes the difference in the angular correlations for these two processes. In contrast, the same distributions display little contrast when the helicity basis is used. We also apply this technique to the case of W boson pair production.
A collection of results is presented relevant for the analysis of azimuthal asymmetries in inclusive two-hadron production at BELLE. The aim of this overview is to provide theoretical ingredients necessary to extract the Collins effect fragmentation function. The latter arises within the Collins-Soper factorization formalism, which describes both the transverse momentum and Q^2 dependence of the cross section and its angular dependences at low and moderate transverse momentum. Since the Collins effect is not the only source of angular dependences, a discussion of various other effects is inclu…
We study the angular distributions of the baryon-antibaryon low-mass enhancements in the three-body baryonic B decays of $B\to p\bar{p}M$ (M=K and $π$) in the framework of the perturbative QCD. By writing the most general forms for the transition form factors of $B\to p\bar{p}$, we find that the angular distribution asymmetry in $B^-\to p\bar{p}K^-$ measured by the Belle Collaboration can be explained. We give a quantitative description on the Dalitz plot asymmetry in $B^-\to p\bar{p}K^-$ shown by the BaBar Collaboration and demonstrate that it is equivalent to the angular asymmetry. In additi…
Using a subtraction method, we derive the formulae suitable for use in Monte-Carlo event generators to give the angular distribution for the gluon-quark induced NLO corrections in Drell-Yan lepton pair production. We also give the corresponding helicity density matrix for W and Z boson production.
We examine the validity of the generalized factorization method and calculate the angular correlations in the charmful three-body baryonic decays of $\bar B^0\to Λ\bar p D^{(*)+}$. With the timelike baryonic form factors newly extracted from the measured baryonic $B$ decays, we obtain ${\cal B}(\bar B^0\to Λ\bar p D^+,Λ\bar p D^{*+})=(1.85\pm 0.30,2.75\pm 0.24)\times 10^{-5}$ to agree with the recent data from the BELLE Collaboration, which demonstrates that the theoretical approach based on the factorization still works well. For the angular distribution asymmetries, we find ${\cal A}_θ(\bar …
At present, the measurements of $R_{D^{(*)}}$ and $R_{J/ψ}$ hint at new physics (NP) in $b \to c τ^- {\barν}$ decays. The angular distribution of ${\bar B} \to D^* (\to D π) \, τ^{-} {\barν}_τ$ would be useful for getting information about the NP, but it cannot be measured. The reason is that the three-momentum ${\vec p}_τ$ cannot be determined precisely since the decay products of the $τ^-$ include an undetected $ν_τ$. In this paper, we construct a measurable angular distribution by considering the additional decay $τ^- \to π^- ν_τ$. The full process is ${\bar B} \to D^* (\to D π') \, τ^{-} (…
We study the inclusive production of bottom-flavored hadrons from semileptonic decays of polarized top quarks at next-to-leading order in QCD using fragmentation functions recently determined from a global fit to $e^+e^-$ data. We provide the relevant differential decay widths at parton level in analytic form. These results fill an important gap in the theoretical interpretation of recent measurements of the top-quark polarization and the $t\bar{t}$ spin correlations using dilepton final states in proton-proton collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. As an illustration, we study the dist…
Angular asymmetry and momentum disbalance for a pair of particles produced at high energy in central rapidity region are studied. The asymmetry is substantial for small momenta of produced particles but diminishes when they rise.
We derive the four-fold angular distribution for the semileptonic decay $\bar{B}\to D_2^*(\to D π)\,\ell \barν$ where $D_2^*$(2460) is a tensor meson. We start with the most general beyond the Standard Model (SM) dimension-six effective Hamiltonian which comprises (axial)vector, (pseudo)scalar and tensor operators for both quark and lepton currents, and it also includes the right-handed neutrinos. The decay can be described by 16 transversity amplitudes and it provides a multitude of observables which can be extracted from data. We investigate the observables in the context of the SM and the n…
Coherent pion production by neutrinos has been interpreted in the framework of the Partially Conserved Axial Current hypothesis (PCAC) and explicit model calculations are available. In this article we compute angular correlations for the produced pions which may help to separate the signal from the background. We present many figures useful for the experiments and compare them with another model.
These Monte Carlo studies describe the impact of higher order effects in both QCD and EW $t\bar{t}W$ production. Both next-to-leading inclusive and multileg setups are studied for $t\bar{t}W$ QCD production.
Exclusive semileptonic decays based on $b\to s$ transitions have been attracting a lot of attention as some angular observables deviate significantly from the Standard Model (SM) predictions in specific $q^2$ bins. B meson decays induced by other Flavor Changing Neutral Current (FCNC), $b\to d$, can also offer a probe to new physics with an additional sensitivity to the weak phase in Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Masakawa (CKM) matrix. We provide predictions for angular observables for $b\to d$ semileptonic transitions, namely $\bar{B}_s\to K^{\ast}\ell^+\ell^-$, $\bar{B}^0\toρ^0 \ell^+\ell^-$, and their …
We study the angular correlation and the amount of top quark polarization in the production of a higgs boson in association with a single top quark in the $t-$channel at the LHC. We also study the effect of anomalous $Wtb$ couplings on the angular correlation and on the production cross section of the process. The cross section and angular correlation is almost insensitive to the variation of the Higgs boson mass within 3 GeV. The robustness of the angular correlation against the center-of-mass energy of the proton-proton collision, the variation of parton distribution functions, and the chang…
We analyze in detail the angular distributions in $\bar{B}\to D^*\ell \barν$ decays, with a focus on lepton-flavour non-universality. We investigate the minimal number of angular observables that fully describes current and upcoming datasets, and explore their sensitivity to physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM) in the most general weak effective theory. We apply our findings to the current datasets, extract the non-redundant set of angular observables from the data, and compare to precise SM predictions that include lepton-flavour universality violating mass effects. Our analysis shows that…
Analytic formulae are derived for the complete photon energy spectrum due to QED corrections to fermion pair production in case of a limited angular acceptance for the final state fermions. After a numerical integration over the energy of non-observed photons, this corresponds to typical experimental conditions at LEP/SLC.
We analyze decay spin-density matrix elements of $K^*$ and $D^*$ vector mesons and find that the corresponding vector meson decay distributions are sensitive to the production mechanisms. This suggests that the measurement of these quantities can be used to unravel the production mechanisms.
We demonstrate that four top-quark production is a powerful tool to constrain the top Yukawa coupling. The constraint is robust in the sense that it does not rely on the Higgs boson decay. Taking into account the projection of the $t\bar{t}H$ production by the ATLAS collaobration, we obtain a bound on Higgs boson width, $Γ_H\leq 3.1~Γ_H^{\rm SM}$, at the 14 TeV LHC with an integrated luminosity of $300~{\rm fb}^{-1}$. Increasing the luminosity to $500~{\rm fb}^{-1}$ yields $Γ_H\leq 2.1~Γ_H^{\rm SM}$.
We revisit the decay $Λ_b^0\to Λ_c^+ \ell^-\barν$ ($\ell = e,μ,τ$) with a subsequent two-body decay $Λ_c^+ \to Λ^0 π^+$ in the Standard Model and in generic New Physics models. The decay's joint four-differential angular distribution can be expressed in terms of ten angular observables, assuming negligible polarization of the initial $Λ_b$ state. We present compact analytical results for all angular observables, which enables us to discuss their possible New Physics reach. We find that the decay at hand probes more and complementary independent combinations of Wilson coefficients compared to i…
The cross section near the $t\bar t$ production threshold in $e^+e^-$ annihilation and $γγ$ collisions is discussed. The NNLO results within NRQCD are briefly overviewed.
We discuss lepton charge asymmetries in $t \bar t$ and $t \bar t γ$ production at the LHC, which can be measured in the semileptonic decay channel $t \bar t \to W^+ b \, W^- \bar b \to \ell^+ νb \, q \bar q' \bar b$ (or the charge conjugate). Considering several variants of a new physics scenario with a light colour octet, it is seen that for $t \bar t$ these asymmetries may have a sensitivity competitive with the dilepton asymmetry already measured. For $t \bar t γ$ the new leptonic asymmetries, as well as the $t \bar t$ charge asymmetry, will reach their full potential with the high luminosi…
New physics searches via angular distributions of $ \bar{B} \to D^* (\to D π) τ(\to \ell ν_τ\barν_\ell) \barν_τ$ decays
Lawrence Technological University（劳伦斯理工大学）；University of Hawaii（夏威夷大学）；University of Mississippi（密西西比大学）；Université Paris-Saclay（巴黎萨克雷大学）；Nankai University（南开大学）
When a top quark decays there is a large amount of angular correlation, in its rest frame, between its spin orientation and the direction of flight of the charged lepton from its decay. In this letter we investigate the prospects of measuring this angular correlation using the MC@NLO framework. The strength of the correlation is investigated for different spin bases. The robustness against variations of PDF sets and uncertainties, factorization scale dependence, center-of-mass energy, and the jet R-parameter, is also examined.
We study Lambda_c/Lambda}_c-bar production asymmetries in pp and pi- p collisions using a recently proposed two component model. The model includes heavy baryon production by the usual mechanism of parton fusion and fragmentation plus recombination of valence and sea quarks from the beam and target hadrons. We compare our results with experimental data on asymmetries measured recently.
Using the leading order amplitudes of hard exclusive electroproduction of pion pairs we have analyzed the angular distribution of the two produced particles. At leading twist a pion pair can be produced only in an isovector or an isoscalar state. We show that certain components of the angular distribution only get contributions from the interference of the I=1 and the (much smaller) I=0 amplitude. Therefore our predictions prove to be a good probe of isospin zero pion pair production. We predict effects of a measurable size that could be observed at experiments like HERMES. We also discuss how…
The extraction of the W-boson mass, a fundamental parameter of the Standard Model, from hadron-hadron collision requires precise theory predictions. In this regard, angular coefficients are crucial to model the dynamics of W-boson production. In this work, we provide, for the first time, angular coefficients at NNLO QCD + NLO EW accuracy for finite transverse momentum W-boson at the LHC. The corrections can reach up to 10% in certain regions of phase space. They are accompanied by a significant reduction of the scale uncertainty. This work should, besides providing reference values for theory-…
We examine the capabilities of the modified perturbation theory (MPT) for description of $W$-pair production and decay in $e^{+} e^{-}$ annihilation. In a model with Dyson-resummed propagators of unstable particles, we calculate even and odd contributions to the distribution in the cosine of the $W^{-}$ production angle relative to the $e^{-}$ beam. On comparing the results of calculations in the NNLO approximation of MPT with the exact results in the model, a coincidence of outcomes at the ILC energies is detected at the per-mille level.
We present a general, model independent argument demonstrating that gluons produced in high energy hadronic collision are necessarily correlated in rapidity and also in the emission angle. The strength of the correlation depends on the process and on the structure/model of the colliding particles. In particular we argue that it is strongly affected (and underestimated) by factorized approximations frequently used to quantify the effect.
We present a comparison of data of lepton angular distributions of Drell-Yan/$Z$ production with the fixed-order pQCD calculations by which the baseline of pQCD effects is illustrated. As for the $Z$ production, we predict that $A_0$ and $A_2$ for $Z$ plus single gluon-jet events are very different from that of $Z$ plus single quark-jet events, allowing a new experimental tool for checking various algorithms which attempt to discriminate quark jets from gluon jets. Using an intuitive geometric approach, we show that the violation of the Lam-Tung relation, appearing at large transverse-momentum…
The lepton angular distribution coefficients $A_i$ for $Z$ boson production in $pp$ and $\bar p p$ collisions have been measured at the LHC and the Tevatron. A recent study showed that many features of the measured angular distribution coefficients, including the transverse momentum ($q_T$) and rapidity dependencies and the violation of the Lam-Tung relation, can be well described using an intuitive geometric approach. In this paper, we extend this geometric approach to describe the angular distribution coefficients for $W$ boson produced in $\bar{p} p$ collisions at the Tevatron. We first com…
We discuss exclusive elastic double diffractive axial-vector $χ_c(1^+)$ and tensor $χ_c(2^+)$ mesons production for different meson polarisations in proton-(anti)proton collisions at the Tevatron energy. The amplitude for the process is derived within the $k_t$-factorisation approach using unintegrated gluon distributions (UGDFs). Differential cross sections for different $χ_c$ polarisations are calculated. Angular distributions of $J/ψ$ meson from the radiative $χ_c(1^+,2^+)$ decays are derived. Prospects for experimental selection of different spin states of $χ_c$ mesons are discussed.
We analyse the angular momentum distribution of black holes produced in high energy collisions in space-times with extra spatial dimensions. We show that the black hole spin significantly affects the energy and angular spectra of Hawking radiation. Our results show the experimental sensitivity to the angular momentum distribution and provide tests of black hole production dynamics.
High precision data of dilepton angular distributions in $γ^*/Z$ production were reported recently by the CMS Collaboration covering a broad range of the dilepton transverse momentum, $q_T$, up to $\sim 300$ GeV. Pronounced $q_T$ dependencies of the $λ$ and $ν$ parameters, characterizing the $\cos^2θ$ and $\cos 2ϕ$ angular distributions, were found. Violation of the Lam-Tung relation was also clearly observed. We show that the $q_T$ dependence of $λ$ allows a determination of the relative contributions of the $q \bar q$ annihilation versus the $qG$ Compton process. The violation of the Lam-Tun…
Secondary astrophysical production of $e^+$ and $\bar{p}$ cosmic rays is considered. Inclusive $π$, $K$, and $\bar{p}$ production cross sections in $pp$ collisions at large $\sqrt{s}$ are parametrised using recent experimental data at LHC energies. The astrophysical production rate ratio $Q_{e^+}/Q_{\bar{p}}$ is calculated for an input cosmic ray proton flux consistent with local measurements. At $10<E<100$$\sim$GeV the cosmic ray flux ratio $J_{e^+}/J_{\bar{p}}$ measured by AMS02 falls below the production rate ratio by about 50\%, while at high energy $E>100$$\sim$GeV the measured flux ratio…
At the present time, there are hints of new physics (NP) in several observables involving $b \to c \ell^- {\barν}_\ell$ decays. In this talk, I describe measurable angular distributions for ${\bar B} \to D^* μ^- {\barν}_μ$ and ${\bar B} \to D^* τ^- (\to π^- ν_τ) {\barν}_τ$ decays, including the most general NP contributions. These angular distributions contain enough information to pin down the Lorentz structure of the NP, which will help to identify it. They also have the ability to reveal the presence of non-SMEFT (non-decoupling) NP.
We present an analysis of nonperturbative contributions to the transverse momentum distribution of $Z/γ^*$ bosons produced at hadron colliders. The new data on the angular distribution $ϕ^*_η$ of Drell-Yan pairs measured at the Tevatron is shown to be in excellent agreement with a perturbative QCD prediction based on the Collins-Soper-Sterman (CSS) resummation formalism at NNLL accuracy. Using these data, we determine the nonperturbative component of the CSS resummed cross section and estimate its dependence on arbitrary resummation scales and other factors. With the scale dependence included …
We investigate the impact of soft gluon resummation on the azimuthal angle correlation between the total and relative momenta of two energetic final state particles (jets). We show that the initial and final state radiations induce sizable $\cos(ϕ)$ and $\cos (2ϕ)$ asymmetries in single jet and dijet events, respectively. We numerically evaluate the magnitude of these asymmetries for a number of processes in collider experiments, including diffractive dijet and dilepton production in ultraperipheral $pA$ and $AA$ collisions, inclusive and diffractive dijet production at the EIC and inclusive d…
We discuss the general mechanism leading to long-range rapidity and angular correlations produced in high energy collisions (the "ridge"). This effect naturally appears in the high energy QCD and is strongly sensitive to physics of the gluon saturation. We comment on various recent practical realizations of the main idea, paying special attention to $N_c$ counting and stress the relevance of Pomeron loops.
We study the process e^{-}e^{+} \to \tildeχ^0_1\tildeχ^0_2 with the subsequent decay \tildeχ^0_2 \to \tildeχ^0_1 \ell^{+}\ell^{-} taking into account the complete spin correlations between production and decay. We present numerical results for the lepton angular distribution and the distribution of the opening angle between the outgoing leptons for \sqrt{s}=182 GeV. We examine representative mixing scenarios in the MSSM and study the influence of the common scalar mass parameter m_0. For the lepton angular distribution the effect of the spin correlations amounts to up to 20%. The shape of the …
We show in single top quark production that the spin of the top quark is correlated with the direction of the d-type quark in the event. For single top production in the W* channel, the d-type quark comes dominantly from the antiproton at the Tevatron, whereas for the W-gluon fusion channel the spectator jet is the d-type quark the majority of the time at this machine. Our results are that 98% of the top quarks from the W* process have their spins in the antiproton direction, and 96% of the top quarks in the W-gluon fusion process have their spins in the spectator jet direction. We also compar…
High precision data of lepton angular distributions in inclusive $Z$ boson production, reported by the CMS and ATLAS Collaborations, showed pronounced transverse momentum ($q_T$) dependencies of the $A_0$ and $A_2$ coefficients. Violation of the Lam-Tung relation, $A_0 = A_2$, was also found. An intuitive understanding of these results can be obtained from a geometric approach. We predict that $A_0$ and $A_2$ for $Z$ plus single gluon-jet events are very different from that of $Z$ plus single quark-jet events, allowing a new experimental tool for checking various algorithms which attempt to di…
A Monte Carlo study of the azimuthal angular distribution around the virtual boson-proton beam axis for dijet events in DIS at HERA is presented. In the presence of typical acceptance cuts on the jets in the laboratory frame, the azimuthal distribution is dominated by kinematic effects rather than the typical $\cosϕ$ and $\cos 2ϕ$ dependence predicted by the QCD matrix elements. This implies that the $ϕ$ dependent part of the QCD matrix elements contributes even to the dijet production cross section. Neglecting this $ϕ$ dependence leads to an error of about 5-8\% in the production cross sectio…
Several rotational invariant quantities for the lepton angular distributions in Drell-Yan and quarkonium production were derived several years ago, allowing the comparison between different experiments adopting different reference frames. Using an intuitive picture for describing the lepton angular distribution in these processes, we show how the rotational invariance of these quantities can be readily obtained. This approach can also be used to determine the rotational invariance or non-invariance of various quantities specifying the amount of violation for the Lam-Tung relation. While the vi…
The associated production of a Higgs boson and a top-quark pair, $t{\bar t} H$, in proton-proton collisions is addressed in this paper for a center of mass energy of 13TeV at the LHC. Dileptonic final states of $t{\bar t}H$ events with two oppositely charged leptons and four jets from the decays $t\rightarrow bW^+ \rightarrow b \ell^+ν_\ell$, $\bar{t}\rightarrow \bar{b}W^- \rightarrow \bar{b} \ell^-\barν_\ell$ and $h\rightarrow b\bar{b}$, are used. Signal events, generated with MadGraph5_aMC@NLO, are fully reconstructed by applying a kinematic fit. New angular distributions of the decay produc…
We derive the expressions for the full angular distributions of $\bar B\to D\ell\bar ν_\ell$ and $\bar B\to D^{\ast }\ell\bar ν_\ell$ decays and discuss the spectra on each angle separately. The coefficient functions, depending on helicity amplitudes, can then be combined in an ensemble of observables which can then be used to check for the presence of New Physics. We examine the sensitivity of each of these observables on the presence of non-Standard Model interaction terms at low energies. The expressions presented here are general and can be used for studying any other semileptonic pseudosc…
One of the substantial sources of systematic errors in neutrino oscillation experiments that utilize neutrinos from accelerator sources stems from a lack of precision in modeling single-pion production (SPP). Oscillation analyses rely on Monte Carlo event generators (MC), providing theoretical predictions of neutrino interactions on nuclear targets. Pions produced in these processes provide a significant fraction of oscillation signal and background on both elementary scattering and detector simulation levels. Thus, it is of critical importance to develop techniques that will allow us to accom…
We demonstrate that time-dependent studies of angular distributions for $B_s$ decays caused by $\bar b\to\bar cu\bar s$ quark-level transitions extract cleanly and model-independently the CKM angle $γ$. This CKM angle could be cleanly determined from untagged $B_s$ decays alone, if the lifetime difference between the $B_s$ mass eigenstates $B_s^L$ and $B_s^H$ is sizable. The time-dependences for the relevant tagged and untagged observables are given both in a general notation and in terms of linear polarization states and should exhibit large CP-violating effects. These observables may further…
The observed angular profile of the 511-keV photon excess from the Milky Way galactic center can allow us to select among combinations of various dark matter and other positron production mechanisms with various models for the dark matter distribution. We find that a relic decay scenario gives too flat an angular distribution for any dark matter distribution in our survey, but that a dark matter-dark matter collisional scenario, or a scenario that involves particles emitted from a localized central source producing positrons some distance out, can match the observed galactic center angular pro…
In the present work, it is intended to calculate and study the single and double differential cross-sections of the prompt single-photon production as a function of produced single-photon transverse momentum and rapidity, in the high-energy P-P(P) colliders, such as LHC and TEVATRON. The differential cross-sections of prompt single-photon production are calculated in the $k_t$-factorization frameworks using various angular ordering unintegrated parton distribution functions (UPDF), namely the Kimber et al. and Martin et al. procedures. These scheme-dependent UPDF are generated in the leading a…
