The primary aim of the paper is the study of Sobolev spaces in the context of Gelfand pairs. The article commences with providing a historical overview and motivation for the researched subject together with a summary of the current state of the literature. What follows is a general outline of harmonic analysis on Gelfand pairs, starting with a concept of positive-semidefinite functions, through spherical functions and spherical transform and concluding with the Hausdorff-Young inequality. The main part of the paper introduces the notion of Sobolev spaces on Gelfand pairs and studies the properties of these spaces. It turns out that Sobolev embedding theorems and Rellich-Kondrachov theorem still hold true in this generalized context (if certain technical caveats are taken into consideration).
For limiting non-compact Sobolev embeddings into continuous functions we study behavior of Approximation, Gelfand, Kolmogorov, Bernstein and Isomorphism s-numbers. In the one dimensional case the exact values of the above-mentioned strict s-numbers were obtained and in the higher dimensions sharp estimates for asymptotic behavior of strict s-numbers were established. As all known results for s-numbers of Sobolev type embeddings are studied mainly under the compactness assumption then our work is an extension of existing results and reveal an interesting behavior of s-numbers in the limiting ca…
Gelfand and Kolmogorov numbers of Sobolev embeddings of weighted function spaces II
School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University（安徽大学计算机科学与技术学院）；School of Mathematical Sciences, Beijing Normal University（北京师范大学数学科学学院）；School of Mathematical Sciences, Anhui University（安徽大学数学科学学院）
Let N be a nilpotent Lie group and K a compact subgroup of the automorphism group Aut(N) of N. It is well-known that if (KnN,N) is a Gelfand pair then N is at most 2-step nilpotent Lie group. The notion of Gelfand pair was generalized when K is a non-compact group. In this work, we give an example of a 3-step nilpotent Lie group and a non-compact subgroup K of Aut(N) such that (K nN,N) is a generalized Gelfand pair.
Let $(G,K)$ be a Gelfand pair, with $G$ a Lie group of polynomial growth, and let $Σ\subset{\mathbb R}^\ell$ be a homeomorphic image of the Gelfand spectrum, obtained by choosing a generating system $D_1,\dots,D_\ell$ of $G$-invariant differential operators on $G/K$ and associating to a bounded spherical function $φ$ the $\ell$-tuple of its eigenvalues under the action of the $D_j$'s. We say that property (S) holds for $(G,K)$ if the spherical transform maps the bi-$K$-invariant Schwartz space ${\mathcal S}(K\backslash G/K)$ isomorphically onto ${\mathcal S}(Σ)$, the space of restrictions to $…
Every Gelfand pair (G,K) admits a decomposition G=KP, where P<G is an amenable subgroup. In particular, the Furstenberg boundary of G is homogeneous. Applications include the complete classification of non-positively curved Gelfand pairs, relying on earlier joint work with Caprace, as well as a canonical family of pure spherical functions in the sense of Gelfand--Godement for general Gelfand pairs.
It has been shown that for several nilpotent Gelfand pairs (N,K) (i.e., with N a nilpotent Lie group, K a compact group of automorphisms of N and the algebra L^1(N)^K commutative) the spherical transform establishes a 1-to-1 correspondence between the space S(N)^K of K-invariant Schwartz functions on N and the space S(Σ) of functions on the Gelfand spectrum Σ of L^1(N)^K which extend to Schwartz functions on Rd, once Σ is suitably embedded in Rd. We call this property (S). We present here a general bootstrapping method which allows to establish property (S) to new nilpotent pairs (N,K), once t…
We prove that there exists uncountably many pairwise disjoint open subsets of the Gelfand space of the measure algebra on any locally compact non-discrete abelian group which shows that this space is not separable (in fact, we prove this assertion for the ideal $M_{0}(G)$ consisting of measures with Fourier-Stieltjes transforms vanishing at infinity which is a stronger statement). As a corollary, we obtain that the spectras of elements in the algebra of measures cannot be recovered from the image of one countable subset of the Gelfand space under Gelfand transform, common for all elements in t…
By means of the spherical functions associated to the Gelfand pair $(\mathbb{H}_{n},U(n))$ we define the operator $L+α|T|$, where $L$ denotes the Heisenberg sublaplacian and $T$ denotes de central element of the Heisenberg Lie algebra, we establish a notion of fundamental solution and explicitly compute in terms of the Gauss hypergeometric function. For $α<n$ we use the Integral Representation Theorem to obtain a more detailed expression. Finally, we remark that when $α=0$ we recover the fundamental solution for the Heisenberg sublaplacian given by Folland.
If $(G,K)$ is a Gelfand pair, with $G$ a Lie group of polynomial growth and $K$ a compact subgroup of $G$, the Gelfand spectrum $Σ$ of the bi-$K$-invariant algebra $L^1(K\backslash G/K)$ admits natural embeddings into ${\mathbb R}^n$ spaces as a closed subset. For any such embedding, define ${\mathcal S}(Σ)$ as the space of restrictions to $Σ$ of Schwartz functions on ${\mathbb R}^n$. We call Schwartz correspondence for $(G,K)$ the property that the spherical transform is an isomorphism of ${\mathcal S}(K\backslash G/K)$ onto ${\mathcal S}(Σ)$. In all the cases studied so far, Schwartz corresp…
In our companion paper (S.N. Chandler Wilde, D.P. Hewett, A. Moiola, Sobolev spaces on non-Lipschitz subsets of $\mathbb{R}^n$ with application to boundary integral equations on fractal screens, 2016) we studied a number of different Sobolev spaces on a general (non-Lipschitz) open subset $Ω$ of $\mathbb{R}^n$, defined as closed subspaces of the classical Bessel potential spaces $H^s(\mathbb{R}^n)$ for $s\in\mathbb{R}$. These spaces are mapped by the restriction operator to certain spaces of distributions on $Ω$. In this note we make some observations about the relation between these spaces of…
Since $(\mathbb{H}^n\rtimes U(n),U(n))$ is a Gelfand pair, an exact analogue of the Heisenberg group result due to Narayanan and Ratnakumar is not possible for the Heisenberg motion group. In this article, we prove that if the Weyl transform of a finitely supported integrable function on the Heisenberg motion group is non-zero only for finitely many Fourier-Wigner pieces and have finite rank, then the function must be zero. We also prove an analogue of the Heisenberg group result on the quaternion Heisenberg group. In the end, a quantitative interpretation of these results is described through…
In this work, we consider a family of Gelfand pairs $(K \ltimes N, N)$ (in short $(K,N)$) where $N$ is a two step nilpotent Lie group, and $K$ is the group of orthogonal automorphisms of $N$. This family has a nice analytic property: almost all these 2-step nilpotent Lie group have square integrable representations. In this cases, following Moore-Wolf's theory, we find an explicit expression for the inversion formula of $N$, and as a consequence, we decompose the regular action of $K \ltimes N$ on $L^{2}(N)$. This result completes the analysis carried out by Wolf, where the inversion formula i…
This short note investigates the compact embedding of degenerate matrix weighted Sobolev spaces into weighted Lebesgue spaces. The Sobolev spaces explored are defined as the abstract completion of Lipschitz functions in a bounded domain $Ω$ with respect to the norm: $$\|f\|_{QH^{1,p}(v,μ;Ω)} = \|f\|_{L^p_v(Ω)} + \|\nabla f\|_{\mathcal{L}^p_Q(μ;Ω)}$$ where the weight $v$ is comparable to a power of the pointwise operator norm of the matrix valued function $Q=Q(x)$ in $Ω$. Following our main theorem, we give an explicit application where degeneracy is controlled through an ellipticity condition …
Given a Lie group $G$, a compact subgroup $K$ and a representation $τ\in\hat K$, we assume that the algebra of $\text{End}(V_τ)$-valued, bi-$τ$-equivariant, integrable functions on $G$ is commutative. We present the basic facts of the related spherical analysis, putting particular emphasis on the rôle of the algebra of $G$-invariant differential operators on the homogeneous bundle $E_τ$ over $G/K$. In particular, we observe that, under the above assumptions, $(G,K)$ is a Gelfand pair and show that the Gelfand spectrum for the triple $(G,K,τ)$ admits homeomorphic embeddings in $\mathbb C^n$. In…
