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arXiv 2003.08460physics.bio-phcond-mat.softnlin.AO
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在实验室鱼群中测试集体动物行为的热力学方法

Testing a thermodynamic approach to collective animal behavior in laboratory fish schools

Julia A. Giannini, James G. Puckett

摘要:

在自然界中,群居动物群体表现出的集体行为经常被观察到。理解和预测复杂生物系统的行为依赖于开发有效的描述和模型。虽然集体动物系统的特点是非平衡的,我们可以采用平衡统计力学的概念,以激励实验室动物聚集体的物质性质的测量。在这里,我们提出了一套新的实验,利用高速镜头的二维学校的事件,粒子跟踪,并预计静态和动态光场观察和控制的行为的负趋光性鱼群($\textit{Hemigrammus}$ $\textit{bleheri}$)的结果。首先,我们使用由黑暗的圆形区域组成的静态光场来产生视觉刺激,将学校限制在一定范围内。我们发现,学校有一个最大的密度独立于组的大小,和游泳压力线性增加与数密度,这表明未受干扰的学校存在的等温线。接下来,我们使用动态光场,其中暗区域的半径随时间线性收缩以压缩学校。我们发现,有效温度参数依赖于压缩时间,我们的结果是一致的学校有一个恒定的热通量。这些发现为有效的热力学描述在动物集体行为中的非平衡系统描述的实用性提供了进一步的证据。

英文摘要:

Collective behaviors displayed by groups of social animals are observed frequently in nature. Understanding and predicting the behavior of complex biological systems is dependent on developing effective descriptions and models. While collective animal systems are characteristically non-equilibrium, we can employ concepts from equilibrium statistical mechanics to motivate the measurement of material-like properties in laboratory animal aggregates. Here, we present results from a new set of experiments that utilize high speed footage of two-dimensional schooling events, particle tracking, and projected static and dynamic light fields to observe and control the behavior of negatively phototaxic fish schools ($\textit{Hemigrammus}$ $\textit{bleheri}$). First, we use static light fields consisting of dark circular regions to produce visual stimuli that confine the schools to a range of areas. We find that the school has a maximum density independent of group size, and that the swim pressure increases linearly with number density, suggesting that unperturbed schools exist on an isotherm. Next, we use dynamic light fields where the radius of the dark region shrinks linearly with time to compress the schools. We find that the effective temperature parameter depends on the compression time and our results are thus consistent with the school having a constant heat flux. These findings provide further evidence for the utility of effective thermodynamic descriptions descriptions of non-equilibrium systems in collective animal behavior.

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