鱼类的光照调谐集体运动
Illuminance-tuned collective motion in fish
摘要：
我们通过实验研究了照明对一所大型学校（约）集体动态的作用。50个个体）的Hemigrammus rhodostomus。使用两个序参量定义的组的结构被量化，同时通过环境光强度的控制周期逐步改变鱼的视觉范围。我们发现，在低光照水平下，组内的个人无法形成一个有凝聚力的群体，而在较高的照度下，学校的对齐程度与光照强度相关。当增加照度时，学校结构的特征依次是偏振状态，然后是高度规则和稳定的旋转配置（铣削）。我们的研究表明，视觉是必要的，以实现自由游动的鱼群凝聚集体运动，而短距离侧线感知是不够的，在这种情况下。因此，本实验提供了新的见解的相互作用机制，在生物系统中的集体运动的出现和强度。
英文摘要：
We experimentally investigate the role of illumination on the collective dynamics of a large school (ca. 50 individuals) of Hemigrammus rhodostomus. The structure of the group, defined using two order parameters, is quantified while progressively altering the visual range of the fish through controlled cycles of ambient light intensity. We show that, at low light levels, the individuals within the group are unable to form a cohesive group, while at higher illuminance the degree of alignment of the school correlates with the light intensity. When increasing the illuminance, the school structure is successively characterized by a polarized state followed by a highly regular and stable rotational configuration (milling). Our study shows that vision is necessary to achieve cohesive collective motion for free swimming fish schools, while the short-range lateral line sensing is insufficient in this situation. The present experiment therefore provides new insights into the interaction mechanisms that govern the emergence and intensity of collective motion in biological systems.
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