This article studies the interregional Greek road network (GRN) by applying complex network analysis (CNA) and an empirical approach. The study aims to extract the socioeconomic information immanent to the GRN's topology and to interpret the way in which this road network serves and promotes the regional development. The analysis shows that the topology of the GRN is submitted to spatial constraints, having lattice-like characteristics. Also, the GRN's structure is described by a gravity pattern, where places of higher population enjoy greater functionality, and its interpretation in regional terms illustrates the elementary pattern expressed by regional development through road construction. The study also reveals some interesting contradictions between the metropolitan and non-metropolitan (excluding Attica and Thessaloniki) comparison. Overall, the article highlights the effectiveness of using complex network analysis in the modeling of spatial networks and in particular of transportation systems and promotes the use of the network paradigm in the spatial and regional research.
This article attempts to highlight the importance that transportation has in the economic development of Greece and in particular the importance of the transportation infrastructure and transportation networks, which suggest a fixed structured capital covering the total of the country. For this purpose, longitudinal and cross-sectoral statistical data are examined over a set of fundamental macroeconomic measures and metrics. Furthermore, the study attempts to highlight the structural and functional aspects composing the concept of transportation networks and to highlight the necessity of their…
We proposed a Bayesian Network Model (BNM) based on function-oriented resilience framework and ontological interdependence among 10 system qualities to probabilistically assess the general resilience of the road transportation system in Beijing from 1997 to 2016. We tested the model with multi-source data collected from various sectors. The system qualities were examined by analysis of sensitivity and influence. The result shows that the general resilience of Beijing's road system exhibits a "V" shape in its trend, with the probability of being generally resilient between 50% and 70%, and at i…
The objective of this study is to propose a system-level framework with quantitative measures to assess the resilience of road networks. The framework proposed in this paper can help transportation agencies incorporate resilience considerations into project development proactively and to understand the resilience performance of current road networks effectively. This study identified and implemented four quantitative metrics to classify the criticality of road segments based on critical dimensions of road network resilience, and two integrated metrics were proposed to combine all metrics to sh…
Urban transportation systems are vulnerable to congestion, accidents, weather, special events, and other costly delays. Whereas typical policy responses prioritize reduction of delays under normal conditions to improve the efficiency of urban road systems, analytic support for investments that improve resilience (defined as system recovery from additional disruptions) is still scarce. In this effort, we represent paved roads as a transportation network by mapping intersections to nodes and road segments between the intersections to links. We built road networks for 40 of the urban areas define…
This study introduces a comprehensive stage-wise decision framework to support resilience planning for roadway networks regarding pre-disaster mitigation (Stage I), post-disaster emergency response (Stage II) and long-term recovery (Stage III). Three decision metrics are first defined, each based on a derivation of the number of independent pathways (IPW) within a roadway system, to measure the performance of a network in term of its robustness, redundancy, and recoverability, respectively. Using the three IPW-based decision metrics, a stage-wise decision process is then formulated as a stocha…
Designing and maintaining resilient transportation systems rely on identifying potential vulnerabilities and inefficiencies before crises occur. However, given the complexity of transportation networks, as well as the diversity of ways in which systems can fail, the problem of assessing the impacts of exceptional phenomena still lacks tools and metrics for analysis. Therefore, this paper aims to present a method for assessing the behavior of road networks during crises in which segments are disabled or unusable for a time. The method proposed was structured around two metrics calculated from t…
The rise of connected and autonomous vehicles, combined with the proliferation of IoT and connected surfaces, lead to the emergence of novel complex cyber risks. Lack of encryption and authentication in internal vehicular networks are widely recognized as cause for concern by cybersecurity experts, automobile, and OEM manufacturers. This concern has only been growing with the increase in cybersecurity incidents and demonstrations showing different vehicular vulnerabilities, making it nearly impossible to completely secure vehicles against cyber-attacks. Of particular concern is the potential f…
This paper proposes a hierarchical Bayesian network model (BNM) to quantitatively evaluate the resilience of urban transportation infrastructure. Based on systemic thinkings and sustainability perspectives, we investigate the long-term resilience of the road transportation systems in four cities of China from 1998 to 2017, namely Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing, respectively. The model takes into account the factors involved in stages of design, construction, operation, management, and innovation of urban road transportation, which collected from multi-source data platforms. We test …
Disruptions to transportation networks are inevitable. Currently, most mandated development-related transportation planning is intended to prepare for frequently occurring and observable disruptions while low probability events that have not yet materialized attract less attention. When road networks are not resilient, these unpredictable events can cause significant delays that may not be proportional to the extent of the disruption. Enhancing resilience can help in mitigating consequences of disruptions but requires financial investment that is difficult to justify given that low probability…
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder（科罗拉多大学博尔德分校环境科学合作研究所）；University of Colorado Boulder（科罗拉多大学博尔德分校）；University of Minnesota（明尼苏达大学）；Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California（南加州大学信息科学研究所）；University of Southern California（南加州大学）
Transportation infrastructure, such as road or railroad networks, represent a fundamental component of our civilization. For sustainable planning and informed decision making, a thorough understanding of the long-term evolution of transportation infrastructure such as road networks is crucial. However, spatially explicit, multi-temporal road network data covering large spatial extents are scarce and rarely available prior to the 2000s. Herein, we propose a framework that employs increasingly available scanned and georeferenced historical map series to reconstruct past road networks, by integra…
Assessing The Spatially Heterogeneous Impact of Recurrent Flooding On Accessibility: A Case Study of The Hampton Roads Region:Part 2 Transit Accessibility
V2V technologies bridge two infrastructures: the communications infrastructure and the transportation infrastructure. These infrastructures are interconnected and interdependent. On the one hand, the communications network enables V2V interactions, while, on the other hand, the density of vehicles on the roadway enabled with V2V and the level of congestion on the roadway determine the speed and quality of communications between vehicles and infrastructure. The V2V technology is expected to contribute significantly to the growth of shared mobility, in turn, receives a significant boost from the…
Surface transportation systems are an essential part of urban transportation infrastructure and are susceptible to damage from earthquakes. This damage, along with the lack of prior warning of earthquake events, may lead to severe and unexpected disruption of normal traffic patterns, which may seriously impair post-disaster response. Accordingly, it is important to understand and model the performance of urban transportation systems immediately following an earthquake, to evaluate its capability to support emergency response, e.g., the movement of firefighters, search and rescue teams and medi…
We propose a risk measure and construct an infectious diseases hazard map for India. Given an outbreak location, a hazard index is assigned to each city using an effective distance that depends on inter-city mobilities instead of geographical distance. We demonstrate its utility using an SIR model augmented with air, rail, and road data between top 446 cities. Simulations show that the effective distance from outbreak location reliably predicts the time of arrival of infection in other cities. The hazard index predictions compare well with the observed spread of SARS-CoV-2. The hazard map can …
