评估汉普顿锚地地区反复洪水对交通的空间异质性影响：第1部分 汽车可达性
Assessing The Spatially Heterogeneous Transportation Impacts of Recurrent Flooding in The Hampton Roads Region: Part 1 Auto Accessibility
AI总结：
本研究利用众包WAZE数据，分析汉普顿锚地地区反复洪水对1,113个交通分析区汽车可达性的时空影响，发现早高峰时段影响最大且空间差异显著，并揭示社会脆弱性区域受影响更重。
摘要：
由于海平面上升和气候变化，沿海地区的反复洪水迅速增加。评估交通系统退化的一项关键指标是可达性，然而缺乏时间和空间上离散的数据意味着反复洪水对可达性及交通系统性能的影响尚未得到充分理解。本研究（第1部分）利用来自弗吉尼亚州汉普顿锚地地区的众包WAZE洪水事件数据，考察了居住在1,113个交通分析区（TAZs）的出行者在五个时段内道路网络可达性的变化。此外，开发了一个社会脆弱性指数框架，以了解在反复洪水下经历高可达性降低的TAZ的社会经济特征。结果显示，在早高峰时段（上午6至9点），TAZ在反复洪水下经历的可达性降低最为显著，不同区域间差异巨大，工作出行可达性降低范围为0至49.6（百分比），人口加权平均降低1.71%；非工作出行可达性降低范围为0至87.9（百分比），人口加权平均降低0.81%。此外，社会脆弱性分析表明，社会经济地位较低、失业、教育程度较低和英语能力有限的居民比例较高的区域，在工作出行方面经历更大的可达性降低。与以往将反复洪水影响在城市层面进行聚合的研究相比，这些结果表明反复洪水对可达性的影响存在巨大的空间和时间差异。本研究还强调，在评估气候事件影响时，需要纳入社会脆弱性分析，以确保在投资建设有韧性的交通基础设施时实现公平的结果。
英文摘要：
Recurrent flooding has increased rapidly in coastal regions due to sea level rise and climate change. A key metric for evaluating transportation system degradation is accessibility, yet the lack of temporally and spatially disaggregate data means that the impact of recurrent flooding on accessibility, and hence transportation system performance: is not well understood. Using crowdsourced WAZE flood incident data from the Hampton Roads region in Virginia, this study (Part 1) examines changes in the roadway network accessibility for travelers residing in 1,113 traffic analysis zones (TAZs) across five time of day periods. Additionally, a social vulnerability index framework is developed to understand the socioeconomic characteristics of TAZs that experience high accessibility reduction under recurrent flooding. Results show that TAZs experience the most accessibility reduction under recurrent flooding during the morning peak period (6 to 9am) with large differences across different zones, ranging from 0 to 49.6 (percentage) for work trips (with population weighted mean reduction of 1.71 percent) and 0 to 87.9 (percentage) for nonwork trips (with population weighted mean reduction of 0.81 percent). Furthermore, the social vulnerability analysis showed that zones with higher percentages of lower socioeconomic status, unemployed, less educated, and limited English proficiency residents experience greater accessibility reduction for work trips. In contrast to previous studies that aggregate the effects of recurrent flooding across a city, these results demonstrate that there exists large spatial and temporal variation in recurrent floodings impacts on accessibility. This study also highlights the need to include social vulnerability analysis in assessing impacts of climate events, to ensure equitable outcomes as investments are made to create resilient transportation infrastructure.
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