AI 中文总结
研究美国30个人口最多城市洪灾加剧拥堵时医疗可及性损失，发现其受多种因素影响，损失程度不一，还加剧空间不平等，针对性防洪方法比通用策略更有效，能助城市从类似地区学习。
AI 中文摘要
美国和全球城市人口密集，收入、人口结构和健康风险各异，因此获得医疗设施和应急服务至关重要。城市洪水加剧拥堵，进一步降低医疗可及性，但其影响在城市内部和城市之间并不均匀，往往给服务不足的人群和规划不足的地区带来负担。随着快速发展、基础设施老化和气候变化增加城市洪水暴露风险，这些风险正在加剧。在美国30个人口最多的城市中，我们发现仅高峰时段拥堵就使可及性降低4%至29%，而洪水进一步使其降低2%至90%以上。这些损失取决于洪水类型、交通设计、基础设施规划、健康脆弱性和空间不平等。洪水还增加了医疗可及性的空间不平等，但社会负担因城市和洪水类型而异，美国城市沿海洪水对社会弱势群体的影响尤为严重。我们的研究结果表明，在交通和医疗系统中嵌入防洪弹性的针对性方法将比通用策略更有效，同时让城市能够从面临类似可及性风险的不同城市地区学习。
英文摘要
Cities in the United States and worldwide concentrate populations with diverse incomes, demographics and health risks, making access to healthcare facilities and emergency services critical. Urban flooding amplifies congestion and further degrades healthcare accessibility, but its impacts are uneven within and across cities, often burdening underserved populations and underplanned areas. These risks are intensifying as rapid development, aging infrastructure and climate change increase urban flood exposure. Across 30 of the most populous US cities, we show that peak-hour congestion alone reduces accessibility by 4% to 29%, while flooding further reduces it by 2% to more than 90%. These losses depend on flood type, transportation design, infrastructure planning, health vulnerability and spatial inequality. Flooding also increases spatial inequality in healthcare access, but the social burden varies by city and flood type, with urban coastal flooding disproportionately affecting less socially vulnerable populations in the United States. Our findings suggest that targeted approaches for embedding flood resilience in transportation and healthcare systems will be more effective than universal strategies, while allowing cities to learn from diverse urban regions facing similar accessibility risks.
