反复发生的洪水对交通可达性的不断变化的影响：以Hampton Roads地区受影响人口为案例的研究
The Shifting Impact of Recurrent Flooding on Transportation Accessibility: A Case Study of Affected Populations in The Hampton Roads Region
AI总结：
本研究以Hampton Roads地区为案例，利用WAZE洪水报告和American Community Survey数据，分析了反复洪水对交通可达性的影响，发现社会经济和交通脆弱性较高的人群受影响更大且迁出能力受限。
摘要：
海平面上升加速导致沿海地区反复发生洪水，对交通系统和当地人口的影响日益增加。本研究以弗吉尼亚州的Hampton Roads地区为案例，a. 利用2018至2022年5年间每年8月的众包WAZE洪水报告数据，识别出通勤和非通勤出行中可达性频繁且显著下降的热点区域；b. 使用2016年和2021年的American Community Survey数据，考察了这5年间居住在这些热点区域的人口在社会脆弱性方面的变化。结果显示，该地区约12%和3%的人口居住在因反复洪水导致通勤和非通勤出行可达性显著下降的热点区域。社会脆弱性分析表明，社会经济和交通脆弱性较高的人群在程度和频率上更容易受到洪水引发的可达性影响。此外，2016年和2021年社会脆弱性指数的比较显示，受影响严重区域的社会脆弱性呈上升趋势，低收入、残疾人和有幼儿的家庭从这些区域迁出的能力受限。研究结果强调了进行气候事件影响的空间和时间细分研究的必要性。此外，长期人口趋势凸显了在不同时间尺度上对气候事件影响进行动态评估的重要性。
英文摘要：
Accelerated sea level rise has resulted in recurrent flooding in coastal regions, increasingly impacting both transportation systems and local populations. Using the Hampton Roads region in Virginia as a case study, this study a. identifies hotspots with frequent, significant accessibility reduction for work and nonwork travel utilizing crowdsourced WAZE flood report data during the month of August over 5 years: 2018 to 2022; and b. examines the shifts in social vulnerability in populations residing in these hotspots over the 5 year period using 2016 and 2021 American Community Survey data. Results show that approximately 12 percent and 3 percent of the population of the region reside in hotspots experiencing significant recurrent flooding-induced accessibility reduction for work and nonwork trips. Social vulnerability analysis revealed that populations with greater socioeconomic and transportation vulnerabilities are more susceptible to recurrent flooding induced accessibility impacts in terms of both extent and frequency. Furthermore, a comparison of social vulnerability indices between 2016 and 2021 shows an increasing trend of social vulnerability for highly impacted zones, with low income, disabled, and households with young children having restricted ability to relocate from these zones. The findings reinforce the necessity for spatially and temporally disaggregated studies of climate event impacts. Furthermore, the longer term population trends highlight the importance of dynamic assessment of climate event impacts at different time scales.
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