arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2003.07131cs.DC
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基于区块链的去中心化应用:技术审查和开发指南

Blockchain based Decentralized Applications: Technology Review and Development Guidelines

Claudia Pop, Tudor Cioara, Ionut Anghel, Marcel Antal, Ioan Salomie

摘要:

区块链或分布式账本技术是一种颠覆性技术,为开发分散式应用程序提供基础设施,即使在传统的集中式领域也能实现新的业务模式。在过去的几年里,它引起了学术界、技术开发人员和初创公司的高度兴趣,因此开发了许多解决方案来解决区块链技术的局限性和应用程序软件工程的要求。在本文中,我们全面概述了DLT解决方案,分析了所解决的挑战,提供的解决方案及其在开发分散式应用程序中的使用。我们的研究回顾了100多篇区块链论文和创业计划,从中我们为去中心化应用构建了一个基于3层的架构,并使用它来系统地分类技术解决方案。协议和网络层解决方案解决数字资产注册、交易、数据结构、隐私和业务规则实施以及点对点网络的创建、账本复制和基于共识的状态验证。扩展层解决方案解决了存储大小、事务吞吐量和计算能力方面的可扩展性问题。最后,Federated Tier聚合了跨多个区块链应用程序部署的集成解决方案。本文最后讨论了开发去中心化应用程序的挑战和机遇,为去中心化传统系统的设计和实现去中心化应用程序提供了一个多步骤的指导方针。

英文摘要:

Blockchain or Distributed Ledger Technology is a disruptive technology that provides the infrastructure for developing decentralized applications enabling the implementation of novel business models even in traditionally centralized domains. In the last years it has drawn high interest from the academic community, technology developers and startups thus lots of solutions have been developed to address blockchain technology limitations and the requirements of applications software engineering. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of DLT solutions analyzing the addressed challenges, provided solutions and their usage for developing decentralized applications. Our study reviews over 100 blockchain papers and startup initiatives from which we construct a 3-tier based architecture for decentralized applications and we use it to systematically classify the technology solutions. Protocol and Network Tier solutions address the digital assets registration, transactions, data structure, and privacy and business rules implementation and the creation of peer-to-peer networks, ledger replication, and consensus-based state validation. Scaling Tier solutions address the scalability problems in terms of storage size, transaction throughput, and computational capability. Finally, Federated Tier aggregates integrative solutions across multiple blockchain applications deployments. The paper closes with a discussion on challenges and opportunities for developing decentralized applications by providing a multi-step guideline for decentralizing the design of traditional systems and implementing decentralized applications.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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