Meng-Kiat Chuah, Jing-Song Huang, Joseph A. Wolf
The tempered representations of a real reductive Lie group $G$ are naturally partitioned into series associated with conjugacy classes of Cartan subgroups $H$ of $G$. We define partial Dirac cohomology, apply it for geometric construction of various models of these $H$--series representations, and show how this construction fits into the framework of geometric quantization and symplectic reduction.
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This paper studies the Dirac cohomology of standard modules in the setting of graded Hecke algebras with geometric parameters. We prove that the Dirac cohomology of a standard module vanishes if and only if the module is not twisted-elliptic tempered. The proof makes use of two deep results. One is some structural information from the generalized Springer correspondence obtained by S. Kato and Lusztig. Another one is a computation of the Dirac cohomology of tempered modules by Barbasch-Ciubotaru-Trapa and Ciubotaru. We apply our result to compute the Dirac cohomology of ladder representations …
Given a $K$-type $π$, it is known that its spin norm (due to first-named author) is lower bounded by its lambda norm (due to Vogan). That is, $\|π\|_{\rm spin}\geq \|π\|_{\rm lambda}$. This note aims to describe for which $π$ one can actually have equality. We apply the result to tempered Dirac series. In the case of real groups, we obtain that the tempered Dirac series are divided into $\#W^1$ parts among all tempered modules with real infinitesimal characters.
The endoscopic transfer factor is expressed as difference of characters for the even and odd parts of the spin modules, or Dirac index of the trivial representation. The lifting of tempered characters in terms of index of Dirac cohomology is calculated explicitly.
This paper studies unitary representations with Dirac cohomology for complex groups, in particular relations to unipotent representations
Let $G$ be a connected, linear, real reductive Lie group with compact centre. Let $K<G$ be maximal compact. For a tempered representation $π$ of $G$, we realise the restriction $π|_K$ as the $K$-equivariant index of a Dirac operator on a homogeneous space of the form $G/H$, for a Cartan subgroup $H<G$. (The result in fact applies to every standard representation.) Such a space can be identified with a coadjoint orbit of $G$, so that we obtain an explicit version of Kirillov's orbit method for $π|_K$. In a companion paper, we use this realisation of $π|_K$ to give a geometric expression for the…
Vogan raised the idea of Dirac cohomology to study representations of semisimple Lie groups and Lie algebras. He conjectured that the infinitesimal character of Harish-Chandra modules are determined by their Dirac cohomology. Huang and Pandžić proved this conjecture and initiated the research on Dirac cohomology for Lie superalgebras based on Kostant's results. The aim of the present paper is to study Dirac cohomology of unitary representations for the general linear superalgebra and its relation to nilpotent Lie superalgebra cohomology.
Dirac cohomology is a new tool to study unitary and admissible representations of semisimple Lie groups. It was introduced by Vogan and further studied by Kostant and ourselves \cite{V2}, \cite{HP1}, \cite{Kdircoh}. The aim of this paper is to study the Dirac cohomology for the Kostant cubic Dirac operator and its relation to Lie algebra cohomology. We show that the Dirac cohomology coincides with the corresponding nilpotent Lie algebra cohomology in many cases, while in general it has better algebraic behavior and it is more accessible for calculation.
Using the cubic Dirac operator and an extended notion of Dirac cohomology we generalize results of Huang-Pandzic, which appeared in JAMS (Sept. 6, 2001 electronic) on a conjecture of D. Vogan
In this paper, we review the construction of the Dirac operator for graded affine Hecke algebras and calculate the Dirac cohomology of irreducible unitary modules for the graded Hecke algebra of gl(n).
The first part (Sections 1-6) of this paper is a survey of some of the recent developments in the theory of Dirac cohomology, especially the relationship of Dirac cohomology with (g,K)-cohomology and nilpotent Lie algebra cohomology; the second part (Sections 7-12) is devoted to understanding the unitary elliptic representations and endoscopic transfer by using the techniques in Dirac cohomology. A few problems and conjectures are proposed for further investigations.
In this paper we study the problem of computing the Dirac cohomology of the special unipotent representations of the real groups Sp(2n,R) and U(p,q).
We modify the definition of Dirac cohomology in such a way that the standard properties of the usual Dirac cohomology, valid for modules with infinitesimal character, become valid also for modules with only generalized infinitesimal character.
Dirac Operators, Dirac Cohomology and Unitarity for $A(m\vert n)$
本文研究了$A(m\vert n)$型李超代数的Dirac算子和上同调，将其与单位性联系起来，推导了Dirac不等式，并明确给出了单位化简单超模的Dirac上同调。
The aim of this paper is to put some recent results of Huang-Pandzic (conjectured by Vogan) and Kostant on Dirac cohomology in a broader perspective.This is achieved by introducing an induction functor in the noncommutative equivariant cohomology. In this context, the results of Huang-Pandzic and Kostant are interpreted as special cases (corresponding to the manifold being a point) of more general results on noncommutative equivariant cohomology introduced by Alekseev-Meinrenken.
We define analogues of the Casimir and Dirac operators for graded affine Hecke algebras, and establish a version of Parthasarathy's Dirac operator inequality. We then prove a version of Vogan's Conjecture for Dirac cohomology. The formulation of the conjecture depends on a uniform geometric parametrization of spin representations of Weyl groups. Finally, we apply our results to the study of unitary representations.
We define an analogue of the Dirac operator for the degenerate affine Hecke-Clifford algebra. A main result is to relate the central characters of the degenerate affine Hecke-Clifford algebra with the central characters of the Sergeev algebra via Dirac cohomology. The action of the Dirac operator on certain modules is also computed. Results in this paper could be viewed as a projective version of the Dirac cohomology of the degenerate affine Hecke algebra.
This paper gives a criterion for the non-vanishing of the Dirac cohomology of $\mathcal{L}_S(Z)$, where $\mathcal{L}_S(\cdot)$ is the cohomological induction functor, while the inducing module $Z$ is irreducible, unitarizable, and in the good range. As an application, we give a formula counting the number of strings in the Dirac series. Using this formula, we classify all the irreducible unitary representations of $E_{6(2)}$ with non-zero Dirac cohomology. Our calculation continues to support Conjecture 5.7' of Salamanca-Riba and Vogan [SV]. Moreover, we find more unitary representations for w…
This paper classifies the equivalence classes of irreducible unitary representations with nonvanishing Dirac cohomology for complex $E_6$. This is achieved by using our finiteness result, and by improving the computing method.
Let $\mathfrak{g}$ be a reductive Lie algebra over $\mathbb{C}$. For any simple weight module of $\mathfrak{g}$ with finite-dimensional weight spaces, we show that its Dirac cohomology is vanished unless it is a highest weight module. This completes the calculation of Dirac cohomology for simple weight modules since the Dirac cohomology of simple highest weight modules was carried out in our previous work. We also show that the Dirac index pairing of two weight modules which have infinitesimal characters agrees with their Euler-Poincaré pairing. The analogue of this result for Harish-Chandra m…
In this paper we will derive an explicit description of the genuine projective representations of the symmetric group $S_n$ using Dirac cohomology and the branching graph for the irreducible genuine projective representations of $S_n$. In 2015 Ciubotaru and He, using the extended Dirac index, showed that the characters of the projective representations of $S_n$ are related to the characters of elliptic graded modules. We derived the branching graph using Dirac theory and combinatorics relating to the cohomology of Borel varieties $\mathcal{B}_e$ of $\mathfrak{g}$ and were able to use Dirac coh…
In this paper we define a new presentation for the Dunkl-Opdam subalgebra of the rational Cherednik algebra. This shows that the Dunkl-Opdam subalgebra is a Drinfeld algebra. We use this fact to define Dirac cohomology for the DO subalgebra. We also formalise generalised graded Hecke algebras and define a Langlands classification to generalised graded Hecke algebras.
Cubic Dirac Operators and Dirac Cohomology for Basic Classical Lie Superalgebras
本文研究了基本经典李超代数上超模的Dirac上同调，通过三次Dirac算子建立了超模的Casselman-Osborne定理超代数版本，并证明了最高权超模的Dirac上同调非平凡，同时探讨了其与Kostant上同调的关系。
Dirac cohomology of minimal representations
本文研究了所有实约化群极小表示的 Dirac 上同调，并在等秩情形下计算 Dirac 指数，给出了 Huang 2015 年猜想的反例。
Dirac cohomology and $Θ$-correspondence for complex dual pairs
本文研究复约化对偶对下 Dirac 上同调在 Howe 的 $\Theta$-对应中的行为，刻画了具有非零 Dirac 上同调的 Harish-Chandra 模，其 $\Theta$-提升仍保持非零，并显式计算了提升后的 Dirac 上同调。
This is a semi--expository update and rewrite of my 1974 AMS AMS Memoir describing Plancherel formulae and partial Dolbeault cohomology realizations for standard tempered representations for general real reductive Lie groups. Even after so many years, much of that Memoir is up to date, but of course there have been a number of refinements, advances and new developments, most of which have applied to smaller classes of real reductive Lie groups. Here we rewrite that AMS Memoir in in view of these advances and indicate the ties with some of the more recent (or at least less classical) approaches…
We define uniformly the notions of Dirac operators and Dirac cohomology in the framework of the Hecke algebras introduced by Drinfeld. We generalize in this way the Dirac cohomology theory for Lusztig's graded affine Hecke algebras. We apply these constructions to the case of symplectic reflection algebras defined by Etingof-Ginzburg, particularly to rational Cherednik algebras for real or complex reflection groups with parameters t,c. As applications, we give criteria for unitarity of modules in category O and we show that the 0-fiber of the Calogero-Moser space admits a description in terms …
We formulate the transfer factor of character lifting from orthogonal groups to symplectic groups by Adams in the framework of symplectic Dirac cohomology for the Lie superalgebras and the Rittenberg-Scheunert correspondence of representations of the Lie superalgebra $\fro\frsp(1|2n)$ and the Lie algebra $\fro(2n+1)$. This leads to formulation of a direct lifting of characters from the linear symplectic group $Sp(2n,\bbR)$ to its nonlinear covering metaplectic group $Mp(2n,\bbR)$.
The smooth hermitian representations of a split reductive p-adic group whose restriction to a maximal hyperspecial compact subgroup contain a single K-type with Iwahori fixed vectors have been studied in [D. Barbasch, A. Moy, Classification of one K-type representations, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 351 (1999), no. 10, 4245-4261] in the more general setting of modules for graded affine Hecke algebras with parameters. We show that every such one K-type module has nonzero Dirac cohomology (in the sense of [D. Barbasch, D. Ciubotaru, P. Trapa, The Dirac operator for graded affine Hecke algebras, arXiv…
Let $G$ be a complex connected simple algebraic group with a fixed real form $σ$. Let $G(\mathbb{R})=G^σ$ be the corresponding group of real points. This paper reports a finiteness theorem for the classification of irreducible unitary Harish-Chandra modules of $G(\mathbb{R})$ (up to equivalence) having non-vanishing Dirac cohomology. Moreover, we study the distribution of the spin norm along Vogan pencils for certain $G(\mathbb{R})$, with particular attention paid to the unitarily small convex hull introduced by Salamanca-Riba and Vogan.
Dirac cohomology, branching laws and Wallach modules
本文基于 Dirac 上同调方法，针对例外李群 E_{6(-14)} 和 E_{7(-25)}，从 Dirac 上同调恢复 Wallach 模的 K-谱，推广了 2013 年 Huang 等人的分支律结果。
Dirac cohomology for the BGG category $\mathcal{O}$
本文研究有限维复半单李代数范畴 $\mathcal{O}$ 中模的 Dirac 上同调，证明 Vogan 猜想，揭示其与幂零李代数上同调的联系，并验证高阶 Dirac 上同调的同调性质。
In this paper, we show that the Dirac cohomology $H_{D}(L(λ))$ of a simple highest weight module $L(λ)$ in $\mathcal{O}^\mathfrak{p}$ can be parameterized by a specific set of weights: a subset $\mathcal{W}_I(λ)$ of the orbit of the Weyl group $W$ acting on $λ+ρ$. As an application, we show that any simple module in $\mathcal{O}^\mathfrak{p}$ is determined up to isomorphism by its Dirac cohomology. We describe four parameterizations of $H_D(L(λ))$ when $λ$ is regular. Two of these parameterizations are geometric in terms of a partial ordering on the dual of the Cartan subalgebra and a generali…
We introduce a Dirac operator $D$ for the quantum group $U_q(\mathfrak{sl}_2)$, as an element of the tensor product of $U_q(\mathfrak{sl}_2)$ with the Clifford algebra on two generators. We study the properties of $D$, including an analogue of Vogan's conjecture. We compute the cohomology of $D$ acting on various $U_q(\mathfrak{sl}_2)$-modules.
We define a class of algebras which are distinguished by a PBW property and an orthogonality condition, and which we call Hopf-Hecke algebras, since they generalize the Drinfeld Hecke algebras defined by Drinfeld. In the course of studying the orthogonality condition and in analogy to the orthogonal group we show the existence of a pin cover for cocommutative Hopf algebras over $\mathbb{C}$ with an orthogonal module or, more generally, pointed cocommutative Hopf algebras over a field of characteristic $0$ with an orthogonal module. Following the suggestion of Dan Barbasch and Siddhartha Sahi, …
Let $G$ be a connected complex simple Lie group, and let $\widehat{G}^{\mathrm{d}}$ be the set of all equivalence classes of irreducible unitary representations with non-vanishing Dirac cohomology. We show that $\widehat{G}^{\mathrm{d}}$ consists of two parts: finitely many scattered representations, and finitely many strings of representations. Moreover, the strings of $\widehat{G}^{\mathrm{d}}$ come from $\widehat{L}^{\mathrm{d}}$ via cohomological induction and they are all in the good range. Here $L$ runs over the Levi factors of proper $θ$-stable parabolic subgroups of $G$. It follows tha…
Up to equivalence, this paper classifies all the irreducible unitary representations with non-zero Dirac cohomology for the following simple real exceptional Lie groups: ${\rm EI}=E_{6(6)}, {\rm EIV}=E_{6(-26)}, {\rm FI}=F_{4(4)}, {\rm FII}=F_{4(-20)}$. Along the way, we find an irreducible unitary representation of $F_{4(4)}$ whose Dirac index vanishes, while its Dirac cohomology is non-zero. This disproves a conjecture raised in 2015 asserting that there should be no cancellation between the even part and the odd part of the Dirac cohomology.
Two families of Dirac-like operators for Drinfeld's Hecke algebra
该研究为 Drinfeld Hecke 代数提出 Parthasarathy 算子与扭曲 Dirac 算子两类推广，并在 A 型情形给出具体算子族。
Let $G$ be a connected real reductive group with maximal compact subgroup $K$ of the same rank as $G$. In the recent paper of Huang, Pandžić and Vogan, it was shown that the admissible $Θ$--stable parabolic subalgebras $\mathfrak{q}$ of $\mathfrak{g}$ are in one-to-one correspodence with the faces of $W ρ$ intersecting the $\mathfrak{k}$--dominant Weyl chamber and that $A_{\mathfrak{q}}(0)$--modules can be classified by their Dirac cohomology in geometric terms. They described in detail the cases when $\mathfrak{g}_0$ is of type $A$, $B$, $F$ and $C$ except for $\mathfrak{g}_0 = \mathfrak{sp}(…
Hopf-Hecke algebras and Barbasch-Sahi algebras were defined by the first named author (2016) in order to provide a general framework for the study of Dirac cohomology. The aim of this paper is to explore new examples of these definitions and to contribute to their classification. Hopf-Hecke algebras are distinguished by an orthogonality condition and a PBW property. The PBW property for algebras such as the ones considered here has been of great interest in the literature and we extend this discussion by further results on the classification of such deformations and by a class of hitherto unex…
Dirac series of $\mathrm{GL}(n)$ over an Archimedean field
受上同调理论启发，本文确定了$\mathrm{GL}(n,\mathbb{H})$的Dirac级数，证明了其与$\mathrm{GL}(n,\mathbb{R})$的自旋最低$K$-型均唯一且无重数，并验证了相关猜想。
We define Lie algebra cohomology associated with the half-Dirac operators for representations of rational Cherednik algebras and show that it has property described in the Casselman-Osborne Theorem by establishing a version of the Vogan's conjecture for the half-Dirac operators. Moreover, we study the relationship between Lie algebra cohomology and Dirac cohomology in analogy of the representations for semisimple Lie algebras.
This paper computes the Dirac cohomology $H_D(π)$ of irreducible unitary Harish-Chandra modules $π$ of complex classical groups viewed as real reductive groups. More precisely, unitary representations with nonzero Dirac cohomology are shown to be unitarily induced from unipotent representations. When nonzero, there is a unique, multiplicity free $K-$type in $π$ contributing to $H_D(π)$. This confirms conjectures formulated by the first named author and Pandzic in 2011.
Perturbations of Dirac Operators
本文研究了基本经典李超代数相对三次Dirac算子在颜色量子Weil代数统一框架下的扰动，提出了三种扰动类型及其不变量。
Using the sharpened Helgason-Johnson bound, this paper classifies all the irreducible unitary representations with non-zero Dirac cohomology of $E_{7(-5)}$. As an application, we find that the cancellation between the even part and the odd part of the Dirac cohomology continues to happen for certain unitary representations of $E_{7(-5)}$. Assuming the infinitesimal character being integral, we further improve the Helgason-Johnson bound for $E_{7(-5)}$. This should help people to understand (part of) the unitary dual of this group.
Dirac operators for Cartan motion groups
本文引入并研究Cartan运动群的代数Dirac算子，建立其基本性质与Dirac上同调，证明Vogan猜想的强形式，明确确定Dirac系列，并解释其作为代数形变族Dirac理论零纤维的获得方式。
Dirac series for complex $E_8$
本文对复E8李群中具有非零狄拉克上同调的单位ary表示进行分类，完成所有复简单李群狄拉克级数的分类。
Given irreducible representations $Π$ and $π$ of the rank one special orthogonal groups $G=SO(n+1,1)$ and $G'=SO(n,1)$ with nonsingular integral infinitesimal character, we state in terms of $θ$-stable parameter necessary and sufficient conditions so that \[ \operatorname{Hom}_{G'}(Π|_{G'}, π)\not = \{0\}. \] In the special case that both $Π$ and $π$ are tempered, this implies the Gross--Prasad conjectures for tempered representations of $SO(n+1,1) \times SO(n,1)$ which are nontrivial on the center. We apply these results to construct nonzero periods and distinguished representations. If both …
By further sharpening the Helgason-Johnson bound in 1969, this paper classifies all the irreducible unitary representations with non-zero Dirac cohomology of the Hermitian symmetric real form $E_{7(-25)}$.
Dirac series of $E_{7(7)}$
本文分类了 $E_{7(7)}$ 的所有 Dirac 级数，通过推广 Helgason-Johnson 界限作为关键要素，部分支持了 Vogan 的 FPP 猜想，并首次发现了旋量最低 $K$-型具有重数的 Dirac 级数。
Dirac series of U(n,2)
本文确定了酉群 U(n,2) 的 Dirac 级数，并证明了其自旋最低 K-型无重数及 Dirac 上同调与指标的一致性。
This paper computes the Dirac index of all the weakly fair $A_{\mathfrak{q}}(λ)$ modules of $U(p, q)$. Although counter-examples have been found to a conjecture of Vogan on the unitary dual of $U(p, q)$ phrased by Trapa in 2001, we believe that any irreducible unitary representation of $U(p, q)$ with non-zero Dirac cohomology must be a weakly fair $A_{\mathfrak{q}}(λ)$ module.
The notion of algebraic Dirac induction was introduced by P. Pandžić and D. Renard. This is a construction which gives representations with prescribed Dirac cohomology. They proved that all holomorphic discrete series representations can be constructed via Dirac induction. All discrete series representations of the group $SO_{e}(4,1)$ are nonholomorphic. In this paper we prove that they can also be constructed using algebraic Dirac induction.
This paper studies scattered representations of $G = SO(2n+1, \mathbb{C})$, $Sp(2n, \mathbb{C})$ and $SO(2n, \mathbb{C})$, which lies in the `core' of the unitary spectrum $G$ with nonzero Dirac cohomology. We describe the Zhelobenko parameters of these representations, count their cardinality, and determine their spin-lowest $K$-types. We also disprove a conjecture raised in 2015 asserting that the unitary dual can be obtained via parabolic induction from irreducible unitary representations with non-zero Dirac cohomology.
Up to equivalence, this paper classifies all the irreducible unitary representations with non-zero Dirac cohomology for the simple Lie group $E_{6(-14)}$, which is of Hermitian symmetric type. Each FS-scattered Dirac series of $E_{6(-14)}$ is realized as a composition factor of certain $A_{\mathfrak{q}}(λ)$ module. Along the way, we have also obtained all the fully supported irreducible unitary representations of $E_{6(-14)}$ with integral infinitesimal characters.
Dirac operators for algebraic families
本文研究了与实可约李群相关的变形族的代数族狄拉克算子，证明了Vogan猜想，关联了代数族哈里-钱德罗模块的无穷小特征标与狄拉克上同调。
We extend classical results of Kostant and al. on multiplets of representations of finite-dimensional Lie algebras and on the cubic Dirac operator to the setting of affine Lie algebras and twisted affine cubic Dirac operator. We prove in this setting an analogue of Vogan's conjecture on infinitesimal characters of Harish-Chandra modules in terms of Dirac cohomology. For our calculations we use the machinery of Lie conformal and vertex algebras.
Let $G$ be $Sp(2n, \mathbb{R})$ or $SO^*(2n)$. We compute the Dirac index of a large class of unitary representations considered by Vogan in Section 8 of [Vog84], which include all weakly fair $A_{\mathfrak{q}}(λ)$ modules and (weakly) unipotent representations of $G$ as two extreme cases. We conjecture that these representations exhaust all unitary representations of $G$ with nonzero Dirac cohomology. In general, for certain irreducible unitary module of an equal rank group, we clarify the link between the possible cancellations in its Dirac index, and the parities of its spin-lowest $K$-type…
Limit Multiplicity For Unitary Groups and The Stable Trace Formula
该研究利用Arthur的迹公式稳定化及相关表示内窥分类，给出酉群$U(a,b)$部分非tempered表示的极限重数上界，并应用于酉群余紧算术子群的上同调增长研究。
The unitary dual of $GL(n, \mathbb{R})$ was classified by Vogan in the 1980s. Focusing on the irreducible unitary representations of $GL(n, \mathbb{R})$ with half-integral infinitesimal characters, we find that Speh representations and the special unipotent representations are building blocks. By looking at the $K$-types of them, and by using a Blattner-type formula, we obtain all the irreducible unitary $(\mathfrak{g}, K)$-modules with non-zero Dirac cohomology of $GL(n, \mathbb{R})$, as well as a formula for (one of) their spin-lowest $K$-types. Moreover, analogous to the $GL(n,\mathbb{C})$ …
Using representation theory, we compute the spectrum of the Dirac operator on the universal covering group of $SL_2(\mathbb R)$, exhibiting it as the generator of $KK^1(\mathbb C, \mathfrak A)$, where $\mathfrak A$ is the reduced $C^*$-algebra of the group. This yields a new and direct computation of the $K$-theory of $\mathfrak A$. A fundamental role is played by the limit-of-discrete-series representation, which is the frontier between the discrete and the principal series of the group. We provide a detailed analysis of the localised spectra of the Dirac operator and compute the Dirac cohomo…
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