基于量子霍尔电阻阵列的量子力学电流-电压转换
Quantum mechanical current-to-voltage conversion with quantum Hall resistance array
摘要：
精确测量电流需要一个稳定且可计算的电阻器，以实现理想的电流-电压转换。然而，物理电阻器的时间电阻漂移是不可避免的，这与直接与普朗克常量h和元电荷e相关的量子霍尔电阻不同。由于缺乏恒定的高电阻，在进行低于1 μ A的小电流测量时面临挑战，其不确定度优于1/106。在这项工作中，我们展示了一个电流到电压的转换范围从几个纳安到一个微安不变的量化霍尔阵列电阻。在欧姆定律的框架内，将转换后的电压直接与约瑟夫森电压参考进行比较。与依赖伪影电阻基准的经典转换明显不同，这种电流-电压转换不需要及时进行电阻校准。它将电流测量精度提高到8 × 10 - 8（1 μ A）。
英文摘要：
Accurate measurement of the electric current requires a stable and calculable resistor for an ideal current to voltage conversion. However, the temporal resistance drift of a physical resistor is unavoidable, unlike the quantum Hall resistance directly linked to the Planck constant h and the elementary charge e. Lack of an invariant high resistance leads to a challenge in making small current measurements below 1 muA with an uncertainty better than one part in 106. In this work, we demonstrate a current to voltage conversion in the range from a few nano amps to one microamp with an invariant quantized Hall array resistance. The converted voltage is directly compared with the Josephson voltage reference in the framework of Ohm's law. Markedly distinct from the classical conversion, which relies on an artifact resistance reference, this current-to-voltage conversion does not demand timely resistance calibrations. It improves the precision of current measurement down to 8 10 -8 at 1 muA.
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