The virtual production of axion-like particles (ALPs) in the light-by-light scattering at the CLIC collider is studied. Both differential and total cross sections are calculated, assuming interaction of the ALP with photons via CP-odd term in the Lagrangian. The 95\% C.L. exclusion regions for the ALP mass and its coupling constant are given. By comparing our results with existing collider bounds, we see that the ALP search at the CLIC has a great physics potential of searching for the ALPs, especially, in the mass region 1 TeV -- 2.4 TeV, with the collision energy $\sqrt{s} = 3000$ GeV and integrated luminosity $L = 5000$ fb$^{-1}$ for the Compton backscattered initial photons. In particular, our limits are stronger that recently obtained bounds for the ALP production in the light-by-light scattering at the LHC.
The light-by-light (LBL) scattering with initial polarized Compton backscattered photons at the CLIC, induced by axion-like particles (ALPs), is investigated. The total cross sections are calculated, assuming CP-even coupling of the pseudoscalar ALP to photons. The 95\% C.L. exclusion region for the ALP mass $m_a$ and its coupling constant $f$ is presented. The results are compared with previously obtained CLIC bounds for the unpolarized case. It is shown that the bounds on $f$ for the polarized beams in the region $m_a = 1000 \mathrm{\ GeV} - 2000 \mathrm{\ GeV}$, with the collision energy 30…
One kind of particularly interesting pseudoscalar particles, called axion-like particles (ALPs), have rich physical phenomenology at high- and low-energy collider experiments. After discussing most of single production channels of ALP at electron-positron colliders, we investigate the possibility of detecting this kind of new particles through the W$^{+}$W$^{-}$ fusion process e$^{+}$e$^{-}$ $\rightarrow$ $\overlineν_{e}$$ν_{e}a$ $(\rightarrow γγ)$ at the CLIC. The 3$σ$ and 5$σ$ bounds on the ALP parameter space at the three energy stages of the CLIC are obtained. We find that the bounds given…
An axion dark matter search with the CAPP-8TB haloscope is reported. Our results are sensitive to axion-photon coupling $g_{aγγ}$ down to the QCD axion band over the axion mass range between 6.62 and 6.82 $μ$eV at a 90\% confidence level, which is the most sensitive result in the mass range to date.
We propose a novel way to search for axion(-like) particles in heavy-ion collisions using prompt photons as the probe and the property of conversion between photon and axion(-like) particles under a strong magnetic field generated in the non-central collisions. The expected result reveals that a new phase space region of the coupling constant for photon and axion(-like) particles can be covered in the future high energy nuclear colliders.
The presence of dark matter provides some of the most tangible evidence for the existence of physics beyond the Standard Model. One compelling dark matter candidate is the axion, a light boson that was originally postulated as a solution to another outstanding issue, the strong CP problem in QCD. ABRACADABRA is an experimental program to search for sub-$μ$eV axion and axion-like dark matter. It searches for axion-induced modifications to Maxwell's equations with a toroidal magnet and SQUID magnetometer. This contribution will present the first results from the prototype detector, ABRACADABRA-1…
The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a proposed TeV-scale high-luminosity electron-positron collider. For an optimal exploitation of its physics potential, CLIC is foreseen to be built and operated in three stages, with centre-of-mass energies ranging from 380 GeV up to 3 TeV. Electron beam polarisation is provided at all energies. The initial energy stage will focus on precision measurements of Higgs-boson and top-quark properties. The subsequent energy stages enhance the reach of many direct and indirect searches for new physics Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) and give access to the Higgs s…
We investigate the prospects for discovering axion-like particles (ALPs) via a light-by-light (LBL) scattering at two colliders, the future circular collider (FCC-ee) and circular electron-positron collider (CEPC). The promising sensitivities to the effective ALP-photon coupling $g_{aγγ}$ are obtained. Our numerical results show that the FCC-ee and CEPC might be more sensitive to the ALPs with mass 2 GeV $\sim$ 10 GeV than the LHC and CLIC.
We made a search for hadronic axions which could be emitted from the Sun in M1 transitions between the first 14.4 keV thermally excited and the ground state in Fe-57, and absorbed in the HPGe detector by axioelectric effect. An upper limit on hadronic axion mass of 400 eV is obtained at the 95% confidence level.
Intense electric field $\sim 10^{10}-10^{11}$ V/cm in crystal has been known for a long time and has wide applications. We study the conversion of axion-like light particle and photon in the intense electric field in crystal. We find that the conversion of axion-like particle and photon happens for energy larger than keV range. We propose search of axion-like light particle using the intense crystalline field. We discuss the solar axion search experiment and a variety of shining-through-wall experiment using crystalline field. Due to the intense crystalline field which corresponds to magnetic …
One of the most promising methods to search for axions is a light-shining-through-walls (LSW) experiment. In this work, we discuss the possibility of performing an LSW experiment at the ILC experiment, where photon beams are generated for positron production. The photon beam is energetic and intense; the energy is of order MeV and the number of photons is about $10^{24}$ per year. Due to the high energy and intensity, this LSW experiment can reveal the parameter region of the axion unexplored by previous ground-based experiments.
A search for the axioelectric absorption of 5.5-MeV solar axions produced in the $p+d\rightarrow \rm{^3He}+γ(5.5 \rm{MeV})$ reaction was performed with two BGO detectors placed inside a low-background setup. A model independent limit on axion-photon and axion-nucleon couplings was obtained: $|g_{Ae}\times g_{AN}| \leq 3.2\times 10^{-9} (m_A=0)$. Constraints on the axion-electron coupling constant were obtained for axions with masses in the $(0.1-1.0)$ MeV range: $g_{Ae}\leq (1.8-9.0)\times 10^{-7}$. The solar positron flux from $A\rightarrow e^-+e^+$ decay was determined for axions with masses…
We propose a fixed-target experiment to search for Axion-like particles (ALPs) coupling to photons, which utilizes electron and positron beams available at KEK Linac. The sensitivity to ALP is evaluated for two shielding setups in conjunction with other beam dump experiments, fixed-target experiments, and $e^+e^-$ collider experiments. This study shows that the two setups can explore the gap between the search region excluded by the beam dump experiments and the $e^+e^-$ collider experiments.
A new experimental scheme is proposed to search for almost monochromatic solar axions, whose existence has not been discussed heretofore. The axions would be produced when thermally excited $^{57}$Fe in the sun relaxes to its ground state and could be detected via resonant excitation of the same nuclide in a laboratory. A detailed calculation shows that the rate of the excitation is up to order 10 events/day/kg-$^{57}$Fe. The excitation can be detected efficiently using bolometers or liquid scintillators.
The multi-TeV e+e- collider CLIC may allow for the direct study of new neutral gauge bosons or Kaluza-Klein states in the TeV range. We discuss some of the experimental aspects for the study of such resonances. Further we discuss briefly the effects of soft branes in scenarios with Large Extra Dimensions, and the production of Black Holes at CLIC.
The axio-electric effect in silicon atoms is sought for solar axions appearing owing to bremsstrahlung and the Compton process. Axions are detected using a Si(Li) detector placed in a low-background setup. As a result, a model-independent constraint on the axion-electron coupling constant $|g_{Ae}| \leq 2.2\times 10^{-10}$ has been obtained, which leads to the bounds $m_{A}\leq$ 7.9 eV and $m_{A}\leq$ 1.4 keV for the mass of the axion in the DFSZ and KSVZ models, respectively (90% C.L.).
The search for resonant absorption of the Primakoff solar axions by $^{169}$Tm nuclei have been performed. Such an absorption should lead to the excitation of low-lying nuclear energy level: $A+^{169}$Tm $\to ^{169}$Tm$^*$ $\to ^{169}$Tm$ + γ$ (8.41 keV). The Si(Li) detector and $^{169}$Tm target placed inside the low-background setup were used for that purpose. As a result, a new restriction on the axion-photon coupling and axion mass was obtained: $g_{Aγ}({GeV}^{-1})\cdot m_A(eV)\leq1.36\cdot10^{-5}$ (90% c.l.). In model of hadronic axion this restriction corresponds to the upper limit on ax…
We consider the possible discovery potential for single production of charged heavy leptons via anomalous interactions at the envisaged Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) by taking into account initial state radiation (ISR) and beamstrahlung effects. We calculate the production cross sections and decay widths of charged heavy leptons in the context of anomalous interactions at center of mass energies $\sqrt{s}=1$ and 3 TeV. The signal and corresponding backgrounds are studied in detail for the mass range 300-1900 GeV.
The axion solution of the strong CP problem provides a number of possible windows to physics beyond the standard model, notably in the form of searches for solar axions and for galactic axion dark matter, but in a broader context also inspires searches for axion-like particles in pure laboratory experiments. We briefly review the motivation for axions, astrophysical limits, their possible cosmological role, and current searches for axions and axion-like particles.
We have performed a high resolution search for galactic halo axions in cold flows using a microwave cavity detector. The analysis procedure and other details of this search are described. No axion signal was found in the mass range 1.98-2.17 micro-eV. We place upper limits on the density of axions in local discrete flows based on this result.
We propose using the storage ring EDM method to search for the axion dark matter induced EDM oscillation in nucleons. The method uses a combination of B and E-fields to produce a resonance between the $g-2$ spin precession frequency and the background axion field oscillation to greatly enhance sensitivity to it. An axion frequency range from $10^{-9}$ Hz to 100 MHz can in principle be scanned with high sensitivity, corresponding to an $f_a$ range of $10^{13} $ GeV $\leq f_a \leq 10^{30}$ GeV, the breakdown scale of the global symmetry generating the axion or axion like particles (ALPs).
We have examined nonstandard $γν\barν$ and $γγν\barν$ couplings via $ν\barν$ production in a $eγ$ and $γγ$ collisions at the CLIC. We obtain 95% confidence level bounds on $γν\barν$ and $γγν\barν$ couplings by considering the backscattered photon distribution function for incoming photons and Initial State Radiation (ISR) and Beamstrahlung (BS) effect for initial state electrons in the $eγ$ and $γγ$ collider modes of linear collider. We indicate that the reaction $γγ\toν\barν$ provides more than 15 orders of magnitude improvement in neutrino-two photon couplings compared to LEP limits.
In this work we consider pair production of LSP tau-sneutrinos at the Compact Lineer Collider. We assume that tau-sneutrinos decays in to e\textmu pair via RPV interactions. Backgroundless subprocess $e{}^{-}e^{+}\rightarrow\tildeν\bar{\tildeν}\rightarrowμ^{+}μ^{+}e^{-}e^{-}(μ^{-}μ^{-}e^{+}e^{+})$ is analyzed in details. Achievable limits on $Br\,(\tildeν_τ\rightarrowμe)$ at $3σ$ and $5σ$ CL are obtained depending on $\tilde{ν_τ}$ mass.
Resonant feedback circuits are proposed as an alternative to normal modes of conducting wall cavities or lumped circuits in searches for hidden sector particles. The proposed method offers several potential advantages over the most sensitive axion searches to date, that employ cavity resonators, including coverage of a wider range of axion masses, the ability to probe many axion masses simultaneously, and the elimination of experimentally troublesome mechanical tuning rod mechanisms. After an outline of the proposed method, we present a noise budget for a straw-man experiment configuration. We…
Theoretical arguments predict that the distribution of cold dark matter in spiral galaxies has peaks in velocity space associated with non-thermalized flows of dark matter particles. We searched for the corresponding peaks in the spectrum of microwave photons from axion to photon conversion in the cavity detector of dark matter axions. We found none and place limits on the density of any local flow of axions as a function of the flow velocity dispersion over the axion mass range 1.98 to 2.17 $μ$eV.
Using microwave cavities one can build a resonant ``light-shining-through-walls'' experiment to search for hidden sector photons and axion like particles, predicted in many extensions of the standard model. In this note we make a feasibility study of the sensitivities which can be reached using state of the art technology.
The sensitivity of experimental searches for axion dark matter coupled to photons is typically proportional to the strength of the applied static magnetic field. We demonstrate how a permeable material can be used to enhance the magnitude of this static magnetic field, and therefore improve the sensitivity of such searches in the low frequency lumped-circuit limit. Using gadolinium iron garnet toroids at temperature 4.2 K results in a factor of 4 enhancement compared to an air-core toroidal design. The enhancement is limited by magnetic saturation. Correlation of signals from three such toroid…
Four decades after its prediction, the axion remains the most compelling solution to the Strong-CP problem and a well-motivated dark matter candidate, inspiring a host of elegant and ultrasensitive experiments based on axion-photon mixing. This report reviews the experimental situation on several fronts. The microwave cavity experiment is making excellent progress in the search for dark matter axions in the microelectronvolt range and may be plausibly extended up to 100 mu eV. Within the past several years however, it has been realized that axions are pervasive throughout string theories, but …
We have examined the anomalous electromagnetic moments of the tau lepton in the processes $e^{-}γ\to ν_eτ\barν_τ$ ($γ$ is the Compton backscattering photon) and $e^{-}e^{+} \to e^{-}γ^* e^{+} \to ν_{e}τ\barν_τe^+$ ($γ^*$ is the Weizsacker-Williams photon) with unpolarized and polarized electron beams at the CLIC. We have obtained 95$\%$ confidence level bounds on the anomalous magnetic and electric dipole moments for various values of the integrated luminosity and center-of-mass energy. Improved constraints of the anomalous magnetic and electric dipole moments have been obtained compared to th…
We report on the present progress in development of the dark matter axion search experiment with Rydberg-atom-cavity detectors in Kyoto, CARRACK I and CARRACK II. The axion search has been performed with CARRACK I in the 8 % mass range around $ 10 μ{\rm eV} $, and CARRACK II is now ready for the search in the wide range $ 2 μ{\rm eV} - 50 μ{\rm eV} $. We have also developed quantum theoretical calculations on the axion-photon-atom system in the resonant cavity in order to estimate precisely the detection sensitivity for the axion signal. Some essential features on the axion-photon-atom interac…
Nuclear transitions are one possible source of axions but past searches were restricted to specifc transitions. In this manuscript, we propose to extend the search for axions and axion-like particles to more a complex environment that would result in a number of correlated observables. By including creation mechanisms that have their origin in the Carbon-Nitrogen-Oxygen (CNO) cycle, we show that the search for solar axions should not only be restricted to the keV-mass region. We discuss limitations, such as the lifetime and the mass, that create a challenge for an Earth-bound experiments. We s…
In this work we consider searches for dark matter made of axions or axion-like particles (ALPs) using resonant radio frequency cavities inserted into dipole magnets from particle accelerators, wiggler magnets developed for accelerator based advanced light sources, and toroidal magnets similar to those used in particle physics detectors. We investigate the expected sensitivity of such ALP dark matter detectors and discuss the engineering aspects of building and tuning them. Brief mention is also made of even stronger field magnets that are becoming available due to improvements in magnetic tech…
A search for 5.5-MeV solar axions produced in the $p+d\rightarrow\rm{^3He}+A (5.5 \rm{MeV})$ reaction was performed using the Borexino detector. The Compton conversion of axions to photons, ${\rm A}+e\rightarrow e+γ$; the axio-electric effect, ${\rm A}+e+Z\rightarrow e+Z$; the decay of axions into two photons, ${\rm A}\rightarrow2γ$; and inverse Primakoff conversion on nuclei, ${\rm A}+Z\rightarrowγ+Z$, are considered. Model independent limits on axion-electron ($g_{Ae}$), axion-photon ($g_{Aγ}$), and isovector axion-nucleon ($g_{3AN}$) couplings are obtained: $|g_{Ae}\times g_{3AN}| \leq 5.5\…
A search for axioelectric absorption of solar axions produced in the $ p + d \rightarrow {^3\rm{He}}+γ~(5.5~ \rm{MeV})$ reactions has been performed with a BGO detector placed in a low-background setup. A model-independent limit on an axion-nucleon and axion-electron coupling constant has been obtained: $| g_{Ae}\times g_{AN}^3|< 1.9\times 10^{-10}$ for 90% confidence level. The constrains of the axion-electron coupling have been obtained for hadronic axion with masses in (0.1 - 1) MeV range: $|g_{Ae}| \leq (0.96 - 8.2)\times 10^{-8}$.
In this letter we describe our novel photon regeneration experiment for the axionlike particle search using a x-ray beam with a photon energy of 50.2 keV and 90.7 keV, two superconducting magnets of 3 T, and a Ge detector with a high quantum efficiency. A counting rate of regenerated photons compatible with zero has been measured. The corresponding limits on the pseudoscalar axionlike particle-two photon coupling constant is obtained as a function of the particle mass. Our setup widens the energy window of purely terrestrial experiments devoted to the axionlike particle search by coupling to t…
A high finesse optical cavity can be used to search for cosmic axions in the mass range 10^{-6}< m_a <10^{-4} eV. Either a two-arm or a single-arm cavity is suitable and in either case the signal as resonant sidebands imposed on the carrier. Assuming for the local axion density the usual figure of 500 MeV/cm^3 [8], the KSVZ axion line [4] g/m_a = 0.4 Gev^{-2}, can be reached over the full mass range in a one year search.
An appealing candidate of the galactic dark matter is the axion, which was postulated to solve the strong CP (Charge-conjugation Parity) violation problem in the standard particle theory. A new experimental method is proposed to determine the axion mass. The method uses collectively and coherently excited atoms or molecules, the trigger laser inducing galactic axion absorption along with signal photon emission to be detected.
Quantum analysis is made on the dynamical system consisting of the cosmic axions, photons and Rydberg atoms which are interacting in the resonant cavity. The atomic motion in a continuous incident beam is taken into account properly in order to make a precise estimate of the efficiency of the Rydberg atom cavity detector for dark matter axion search.
Axion-like particles are an important part of the spectrum of anomalous gauge theories involving modified mechanisms of cancellation of the gauge anomalies. Among these are intersecting brane models, which are characterized by the presence of one physical axion. We overview a recent study of their supersymmetric construction and some LHC studies of the productions rates for a gauged axion.
We discuss an improved detection scheme for a light-shining-through-wall (LSW) experiment for axion-like particle searches. We propose to use: gyrotrons or klystrons, which can provide extremely intense photon fluxes at frequencies around 30 GHz; transition-edge-sensors (TES) single photon detectors in this frequency domain, with efficiency $\approx1$; high quality factor Fabry-Perot cavities in the microwave domain, both on the photon-axion conversion and photon regeneration sides. We compute that present laboratory exclusion limits on axion-like particles might be improved by at least four o…
We investigate the dipole moments of the tau- neutrino at high-energy and high luminosity at linear electron positron colliders, such as CLIC or ILC through the analysis of the reaction $e^{+}\, e^{-}\rightarrow ν\, \bar ν\,γ$ in the framework of the $SU(4)_L \times U(1)_X$ model. The limits on dipole moment were obtained for integrated luminosity of $\cal{L}$= 500-2000\, fb$^{-1}$ and center of mass between 0.5 and 3.0 TeV. The estimated limits for the tau-neutrino magnetic and electric dipole moments are improved by 2-3 orders of magnitude and complement previous studies on the dipole moment…
Search for QCD axion dark matter with transmon qubits and quantum circuit
Kyoto University（京都大学）；The University of Tokyo（东京大学）；International Center for Elementary Particle Physics (ICEPP), The University of Tokyo（东京大学 elementary particle physics 国际中心）；KEK（高能加速器研究机构）
A nuclear reactor is a powerful tool to study neutrinos and light dark sector particles. Some of the reactor experiments have proven to be extremely useful already. Considering the great interest in the power of intensity frontier to search for new light particles, it would be desirable to explore more possibilities to exploit the existing reactor power sources for particle physics research. We suggest a new reactor experiment searching for the dark sector. The dark photon can be produced in a reactor core and decay into a photon and an axion in the presence of the dark axion portal through an…
A brief review of particle physics motivations for axion existence is followed by a discussion of optical observables that can be used for axion detection. It is emphasised that the resonant photon - axion transition can occur in the presence of low density gas bringing the experimentally accessible quantities within the reach of the present day technology.
Axions solve the Strong CP Problem and are a cold dark matter candidate. The combined constraints from accelerator searches, stellar evolution limits and cosmology suggest that the axion mass is in the range $3 \cdot 10^{-3} > m_a > 10^{-6}$ eV. The lower bound can, however, be relaxed in a number of ways. I discuss the constraint on axion models from the absence of isocurvature perturbations. Dark matter axions can be searched for on Earth by stimulating their conversion to microwave photons in an electromagnetic cavity permeated by a magnetic field. Using this technique, limits on the local …
Strong mixing between photons and axion-like particles in the magnetic fields of clusters of galaxies induces a scatter in the observed luminosities of compact sources in the cluster. This is used to construct a new test for axion-like particles; applied to observations of active galactic nuclei it is strongly suggestive of the existence of a light axion-like particle.
We study the underlying theory of dielectric haloscopes, a new way to detect dark matter axions. When an interface between different dielectric media is inside a magnetic field, the oscillating axion field acts as a source of electromagnetic waves, which emerge in both directions perpendicular to the surface. The emission rate can be boosted by multiple layers judiciously placed to achieve constructive interference and by a large transverse area. Starting from the axion-modified Maxwell equations, we calculate the efficiency of this new dielectric haloscope approach. This technique could poten…
Dark matter is a major constituent of our universe and the axion is a prime candidate. In this article, it is shown that by exploiting the axion induced magnetization in a magnetic rod and the Faraday effect, axions in the mass range $500$ to $5000~μ$eV, a part of which ($> 3500~μ$eV) is currently inaccessible to experiments, can be searched for using the same experimental setup in a year using the existing technologies. The magnetic rod is placed inside a high finesse optical cavity, which by confining the probe light inside it increases the interaction time and thus enhances the Faraday effe…
In cavity-based axion dark matter detectors, quantum noise remains a primary barrier to achieving the scan rate necessary for a comprehensive search of axion parameter space. Here we introduce a method of scan rate enhancement in which an axion-sensitive cavity is coupled to an auxiliary resonant circuit through simultaneous two-mode squeezing (entangling) and state swapping interactions. We show analytically that when combined, these interactions can amplify an axion signal before it becomes polluted by vacuum noise introduced by measurement. This internal amplification yields a wider bandwid…
The axion particle, a consequence of an elegant hypothesis that resolves the strong-CP problem of quantum chromodynamics, is a plausible origin for cosmological dark matter. In searches for axionic dark matter that detect the conversion of axions to microwave photons, the quantum noise associated with microwave vacuum fluctuations will soon limit the rate at which parameter space is searched. Here we show that this noise can be partially overcome either by squeezing the quantum vacuum using recently developed Josephson parametric devices, or by using superconducting qubits to count microwave p…
