arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2003.01815gr-qcmath-phmath.MP
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广义相对论和量子场论中的能量条件

Energy conditions in general relativity and quantum field theory

Eleni-Alexandra Kontou, Ko Sanders

摘要:

本文综述了广义相对论和量子场论中能量条件的研究现状。我们提供了一个历史回顾和技术成果和应用的总结,补充了一些新的推导和讨论。我们特别注意运动方程的作用以及经典理论和量子理论之间的关系。在广义相对论的背景下,点态能量条件首先作为对物质的物理上合理的限制被引入。它们旨在表达例如质量的积极性或引力的吸引力。也许更重要的是,它们被用作数学相对论中的假设,以证明奇点定理和虫洞以及类似奇异现象的不存在。然而,概念简单性、普遍有效性和强结果之间的微妙平衡面临着严重的挑战,因为所有的逐点能量条件都被量子场和一些相当简单的经典场系统地破坏了。为了应对这些挑战,引入了较弱的陈述,如量子能量不等式和平均能量条件。这些有一个更大的有效性范围,可能仍然足以证明至少一些早期的结果。这些条件之一,时间平均零能量条件,最近受到越来越多的关注。它被认为是所有引力物理物质动力学的普遍性质,即使在半经典或量子引力的背景下。

英文摘要:

This review summarizes the current status of the energy conditions in general relativity and quantum field theory. We provide a historical review and a summary of technical results and applications, complemented with a few new derivations and discussions. We pay special attention to the role of the equations of motion and to the relation between classical and quantum theories. Pointwise energy conditions were first introduced as physically reasonable restrictions on matter in the context of general relativity. They aim to express e.g. the positivity of mass or the attractiveness of gravity. Perhaps more importantly, they have been used as assumptions in mathematical relativity to prove singularity theorems and the non-existence of wormholes and similar exotic phenomena. However, the delicate balance between conceptual simplicity, general validity and strong results has faced serious challenges, because all pointwise energy conditions are systematically violated by quantum fields and also by some rather simple classical fields. In response to these challenges, weaker statements were introduced, such as quantum energy inequalities and averaged energy conditions. These have a larger range of validity and may still suffice to prove at least some of the earlier results. One of these conditions, the achronal averaged null energy condition, has recently received increased attention. It is expected to be a universal property of the dynamics of all gravitating physical matter, even in the context of semiclassical or quantum gravity.

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