Fully Convolutional Networks for Automatically Generating Image Masks to Train Mask R-CNN

Meta R-CNN : Towards General Solver for Instance-level Few-shot Learning

Resembling the rapid learning capability of human, few-shot learning empowers vision systems to understand new concepts by training with few samples. Leading approaches derived from meta-learning on images with a single visual object. Obfuscated by a complex background and multiple objects in one image, they are hard to promote the research of few-shot object detection/segmentation. In this work, we present a flexible and general methodology to achieve these tasks. Our work extends Faster /Mask R-CNN by proposing meta-learning over RoI (Region-of-Interest) features instead of a full image feat…

Improved-Mask R-CNN: Towards an Accurate Generic MSK MRI instance segmentation platform (Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative)

Objective assessment of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans of osteoarthritis (OA) can address the limitation of the current OA assessment. Segmentation of bone, cartilage, and joint fluid is necessary for the OA objective assessment. Most of the proposed segmentation methods are not performing instance segmentation and suffer from class imbalance problems. This study deployed Mask R-CNN instance segmentation and improved it (improved-Mask R-CNN (iMaskRCNN)) to obtain a more accurate generalized segmentation for OA-associated tissues. Training and validation of the method were performed usi…

Mask Scoring R-CNN

Letting a deep network be aware of the quality of its own predictions is an interesting yet important problem. In the task of instance segmentation, the confidence of instance classification is used as mask quality score in most instance segmentation frameworks. However, the mask quality, quantified as the IoU between the instance mask and its ground truth, is usually not well correlated with classification score. In this paper, we study this problem and propose Mask Scoring R-CNN which contains a network block to learn the quality of the predicted instance masks. The proposed network block ta…

Lightweight Mask R-CNN for Long-Range Wireless Power Transfer Systems

Resonant Beam Charging (RBC) is a wireless charging technology which supports multi-watt power transfer over meter-level distance. The features of safety, mobility and simultaneous charging capability enable RBC to charge multiple mobile devices safely at the same time. To detect the devices that need to be charged, a Mask R-CNN based dection model is proposed in previous work. However, considering the constraints of the RBC system, it's not easy to apply Mask R-CNN in lightweight hardware-embedded devices because of its heavy model and huge computation. Thus, we propose a machine learning det…

Fine-tuned Pre-trained Mask R-CNN Models for Surface Object Detection

This study evaluates road surface object detection tasks using four Mask R-CNN models as a pre-study of surface deterioration detection of stone-made archaeological objects. The models were pre-trained and fine-tuned by COCO datasets and 15,188 segmented road surface annotation tags. The quality of the models were measured using Average Precisions and Average Recalls. Result indicates substantial number of counts of false negatives, i.e. left detection and unclassified detections. A modified confusion matrix model to avoid prioritizing IoU is tested and there are notable true positive increase…

Extract and Merge: Merging extracted humans from different images utilizing Mask R-CNN

Selecting human objects out of the various type of objects in images and merging them with other scenes is manual and day-to-day work for photo editors. Although recently Adobe photoshop released "select subject" tool which automatically selects the foreground object in an image, but still requires fine manual tweaking separately. In this work, we proposed an application utilizing Mask R-CNN (for object detection and mask segmentation) that can extract human instances from multiple images and merge them with a new background. This application does not add any overhead to Mask R-CNN, running at…

BshapeNet: Object Detection and Instance Segmentation with Bounding Shape Masks

Recent object detectors use four-coordinate bounding box (bbox) regression to predict object locations. Providing additional information indicating the object positions and coordinates will improve detection performance. Thus, we propose two types of masks: a bbox mask and a bounding shape (bshape) mask, to represent the object's bbox and boundary shape, respectively. For each of these types, we consider two variants: the Thick model and the Scored model, both of which have the same morphology but differ in ways to make their boundaries thicker. To evaluate the proposed masks, we design extend…

Human Extraction and Scene Transition utilizing Mask R-CNN

Object detection is a trendy branch of computer vision, especially on human recognition and pedestrian detection. Recognizing the complete body of a person has always been a difficult problem. Over the years, researchers proposed various methods, and recently, Mask R-CNN has made a breakthrough for instance segmentation. Based on Faster R-CNN, Mask R-CNN has been able to generate a segmentation mask for each instance. We propose an application to extracts multiple persons from images and videos for pleasant life scenes to grouping happy moments of people such as family or friends and a communi…

使用 Mask R-CNN 的甚高分辨率影像自动地籍边界检测

Automatic Cadastral Boundary Detection of Very High Resolution Images Using Mask R-CNN

针对甚高分辨率影像的自动地籍边界检测，本文采用以 ResNet-50 为骨干的 Mask R-CNN 实例分割，并结合三种几何后处理及新的 pocket 线简化算法，显著提升检测效果。

Mask is All You Need: Rethinking Mask R-CNN for Dense and Arbitrary-Shaped Scene Text Detection

Due to the large success in object detection and instance segmentation, Mask R-CNN attracts great attention and is widely adopted as a strong baseline for arbitrary-shaped scene text detection and spotting. However, two issues remain to be settled. The first is dense text case, which is easy to be neglected but quite practical. There may exist multiple instances in one proposal, which makes it difficult for the mask head to distinguish different instances and degrades the performance. In this work, we argue that the performance degradation results from the learning confusion issue in the mask …

Object Detection with Mask-based Feature Encoding

Region-based Convolutional Neural Networks (R-CNNs) have achieved great success in the field of object detection. The existing R-CNNs usually divide a Region-of-Interest (ROI) into grids, and then localize objects by utilizing the spatial information reflected by the relative position of each grid in the ROI. In this paper, we propose a novel feature-encoding approach, where spatial information is represented through the spatial distributions of visual patterns. In particular, we design a Mask Weight Network (MWN) to learn a set of masks and then apply channel-wise masking operations to ROI fe…

Segmenting Unknown 3D Objects from Real Depth Images using Mask R-CNN Trained on Synthetic Data

The ability to segment unknown objects in depth images has potential to enhance robot skills in grasping and object tracking. Recent computer vision research has demonstrated that Mask R-CNN can be trained to segment specific categories of objects in RGB images when massive hand-labeled datasets are available. As generating these datasets is time consuming, we instead train with synthetic depth images. Many robots now use depth sensors, and recent results suggest training on synthetic depth data can transfer successfully to the real world. We present a method for automated dataset generation a…

复杂果园环境下用于实例分割的YOLOv8与Mask R-CNN的对比

Comparing YOLOv8 and Mask R-CNN for instance segmentation in complex orchard environments

本研究在休眠季、生长季初期两个果园数据集上对比单阶段YOLOv8与两阶段Mask R-CNN的实例分割性能，发现YOLOv8的精确率、召回率更高且推理速度更快，更适用于实时果园自动化任务。

A Histogram Thresholding Improvement to Mask R-CNN for Scalable Segmentation of New and Old Rural Buildings

Mapping new and old buildings are of great significance for understanding socio-economic development in rural areas. In recent years, deep neural networks have achieved remarkable building segmentation results in high-resolution remote sensing images. However, the scarce training data and the varying geographical environments have posed challenges for scalable building segmentation. This study proposes a novel framework based on Mask R-CNN, named HTMask R-CNN, to extract new and old rural buildings even when the label is scarce. The framework adopts the result of single-object instance segment…

LevelSet R-CNN: A Deep Variational Method for Instance Segmentation

Obtaining precise instance segmentation masks is of high importance in many modern applications such as robotic manipulation and autonomous driving. Currently, many state of the art models are based on the Mask R-CNN framework which, while very powerful, outputs masks at low resolutions which could result in imprecise boundaries. On the other hand, classic variational methods for segmentation impose desirable global and local data and geometry constraints on the masks by optimizing an energy functional. While mathematically elegant, their direct dependence on good initialization, non-robust im…

A Novel Deep ML Architecture by Integrating Visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (vSLAM) into Mask R-CNN for Real-time Surgical Video Analysis

Seven million people suffer surgical complications each year, but with sufficient surgical training and review, 50\% of these complications could be prevented. To improve surgical performance, existing research uses various deep learning (DL) technologies including convolutional neural networks (CNN) and recurrent neural networks (RNN) to automate surgical tool and workflow detection. However, there is room to improve accuracy; real-time analysis is also minimal due to the complexity of CNN. In this research, a novel DL architecture is proposed to integrate visual simultaneous localization and…

MaskPlus: Improving Mask Generation for Instance Segmentation

Instance segmentation is a promising yet challenging topic in computer vision. Recent approaches such as Mask R-CNN typically divide this problem into two parts -- a detection component and a mask generation branch, and mostly focus on the improvement of the detection part. In this paper, we present an approach that extends Mask R-CNN with five novel optimization techniques for improving the mask generation branch and reducing the conflicts between the mask branch and the detection component in training. These five techniques are independent to each other and can be flexibly utilized in buildi…

Segmentation-Aware Convolutional Networks Using Local Attention Masks

We introduce an approach to integrate segmentation information within a convolutional neural network (CNN). This counter-acts the tendency of CNNs to smooth information across regions and increases their spatial precision. To obtain segmentation information, we set up a CNN to provide an embedding space where region co-membership can be estimated based on Euclidean distance. We use these embeddings to compute a local attention mask relative to every neuron position. We incorporate such masks in CNNs and replace the convolution operation with a "segmentation-aware" variant that allows a neuron …

Boosting Mask R-CNN Performance for Long, Thin Forensic Traces with Pre-Segmentation and IoU Region Merging

Mask R-CNN has recently achieved great success in the field of instance segmentation. However, weaknesses of the algorithm have been repeatedly pointed out as well, especially in the segmentation of long, sparse objects whose orientation is not exclusively horizontal or vertical. We present here an approach that significantly improves the performance of the algorithm by first pre-segmenting the images with a PSPNet algorithm. To further improve its prediction, we have developed our own cost functions and heuristics in the form of training strategies, which can prevent so-called (early) overfit…

Object Detection for Understanding Assembly Instruction Using Context-aware Data Augmentation and Cascade Mask R-CNN

Understanding assembly instruction has the potential to enhance the robot s task planning ability and enables advanced robotic applications. To recognize the key components from the 2D assembly instruction image, We mainly focus on segmenting the speech bubble area, which contains lots of information about instructions. For this, We applied Cascade Mask R-CNN and developed a context-aware data augmentation scheme for speech bubble segmentation, which randomly combines images cuts by considering the context of assembly instructions. We showed that the proposed augmentation scheme achieves a bet…

Convolutional Feature Masking for Joint Object and Stuff Segmentation

The topic of semantic segmentation has witnessed considerable progress due to the powerful features learned by convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The current leading approaches for semantic segmentation exploit shape information by extracting CNN features from masked image regions. This strategy introduces artificial boundaries on the images and may impact the quality of the extracted features. Besides, the operations on the raw image domain require to compute thousands of networks on a single image, which is time-consuming. In this paper, we propose to exploit shape information via masking…

基于深度学习的CNN模型用于佩戴口罩个体的分类与检测

Deep Learning based CNN Model for Classification and Detection of Individuals Wearing Face Mask

针对疫情期间口罩佩戴检测需求，提出基于CNN的模型，通过人脸检测与分类，实现实时视频和图像中口罩佩戴的识别，提升敏感区域安全监控。

Automatically Designing CNN Architectures for Medical Image Segmentation

Deep neural network architectures have traditionally been designed and explored with human expertise in a long-lasting trial-and-error process. This process requires huge amount of time, expertise, and resources. To address this tedious problem, we propose a novel algorithm to optimally find hyperparameters of a deep network architecture automatically. We specifically focus on designing neural architectures for medical image segmentation task. Our proposed method is based on a policy gradient reinforcement learning for which the reward function is assigned a segmentation evaluation utility (i.…

融合ConvNeXtv2与Mask R-CNN的基于区域的冠状动脉狭窄自动检测方法用于疾病诊断

ConvNeXtv2 Fusion with Mask R-CNN for Automatic Region Based Coronary Artery Stenosis Detection for Disease Diagnosis

针对冠状动脉疾病人工诊断繁琐、X射线造影图像狭窄病变检测耗时耗力的问题，提出基于Convnext-V2骨干网络的预训练Mask RCNN模型实现自动化检测，在该任务上F1分数达0.5353，可有效简化诊断流程。

Road Damage Detection And Classification In Smartphone Captured Images Using Mask R-CNN

This paper summarizes the design, experiments and results of our solution to the Road Damage Detection and Classification Challenge held as part of the 2018 IEEE International Conference On Big Data Cup. Automatic detection and classification of damage in roads is an essential problem for multiple applications like maintenance and autonomous driving. We demonstrate that convolutional neural net based instance detection and classfication approaches can be used to solve this problem. In particular we show that Mask-RCNN, one of the state-of-the-art algorithms for object detection, localization a…

基于Mask R-CNN的土壤图像分割

Soil Image Segmentation Based on Mask R-CNN

首次将深度学习应用于土壤图像分割，选用Mask R-CNN模型进行土壤区域定位与分割，实验表明模型精度高且满足野外实时检测需求。

ACCL: Adversarial constrained-CNN loss for weakly supervised medical image segmentation

We propose adversarial constrained-CNN loss, a new paradigm of constrained-CNN loss methods, for weakly supervised medical image segmentation. In the new paradigm, prior knowledge is encoded and depicted by reference masks, and is further employed to impose constraints on segmentation outputs through adversarial learning with reference masks. Unlike pseudo label methods for weakly supervised segmentation, such reference masks are used to train a discriminator rather than a segmentation network, and thus are not required to be paired with specific images. Our new paradigm not only greatly facil…

A Novel Mask R-CNN Model to Segment Heterogeneous Brain Tumors through Image Subtraction

The segmentation of diseases is a popular topic explored by researchers in the field of machine learning. Brain tumors are extremely dangerous and require the utmost precision to segment for a successful surgery. Patients with tumors usually take 4 MRI scans, T1, T1gd, T2, and FLAIR, which are then sent to radiologists to segment and analyze for possible future surgery. To create a second segmentation, it would be beneficial to both radiologists and patients in being more confident in their conclusions. We propose using a method performed by radiologists called image segmentation and applying …

Deep Learning based Defect classification and detection in SEM images: A Mask R-CNN approach

In this research work, we have demonstrated the application of Mask-RCNN (Regional Convolutional Neural Network), a deep-learning algorithm for computer vision and specifically object detection, to semiconductor defect inspection domain. Stochastic defect detection and classification during semiconductor manufacturing has grown to be a challenging task as we continuously shrink circuit pattern dimensions (e.g., for pitches less than 32 nm). Defect inspection and analysis by state-of-the-art optical and e-beam inspection tools is generally driven by some rule-based techniques, which in turn oft…

Non-local RoIs for Instance Segmentation

We introduce the concept of Non-Local RoI (NL-RoI) Block as a generic and flexible module that can be seamlessly adapted into different Mask R-CNN heads for various tasks. Mask R-CNN treats RoIs (Regions of Interest) independently and performs the prediction based on individual object bounding boxes. However, the correlation between objects may provide useful information for detection and segmentation. The proposed NL-RoI Block enables each RoI to refer to all other RoIs' information, and results in a simple, low-cost but effective module. Our experimental results show that generalizations wit…

Mask Encoding for Single Shot Instance Segmentation

To date, instance segmentation is dominated by twostage methods, as pioneered by Mask R-CNN. In contrast, one-stage alternatives cannot compete with Mask R-CNN in mask AP, mainly due to the difficulty of compactly representing masks, making the design of one-stage methods very challenging. In this work, we propose a simple singleshot instance segmentation framework, termed mask encoding based instance segmentation (MEInst). Instead of predicting the two-dimensional mask directly, MEInst distills it into a compact and fixed-dimensional representation vector, which allows the instance segmentati…

使用 Mask R-CNN 和 LETR 视觉 Transformer 进行叶倾角估计

Leaf Angle Estimation using Mask R-CNN and LETR Vision Transformer

本文提出结合 Mask R-CNN 实例分割与 LETR 视觉 Transformer 的计算机视觉流水线，用于田间植物叶倾角的现场自动估计，并在两个数据集上与人工测量对比取得 0.98 的余弦相似度，验证了其可行性。

On Regularized Losses for Weakly-supervised CNN Segmentation

Minimization of regularized losses is a principled approach to weak supervision well-established in deep learning, in general. However, it is largely overlooked in semantic segmentation currently dominated by methods mimicking full supervision via "fake" fully-labeled training masks (proposals) generated from available partial input. To obtain such full masks the typical methods explicitly use standard regularization techniques for "shallow" segmentation, e.g. graph cuts or dense CRFs. In contrast, we integrate such standard regularizers directly into the loss functions over partial input. Thi…

Normalized Cut Loss for Weakly-supervised CNN Segmentation

Most recent semantic segmentation methods train deep convolutional neural networks with fully annotated masks requiring pixel-accuracy for good quality training. Common weakly-supervised approaches generate full masks from partial input (e.g. scribbles or seeds) using standard interactive segmentation methods as preprocessing. But, errors in such masks result in poorer training since standard loss functions (e.g. cross-entropy) do not distinguish seeds from potentially mislabeled other pixels. Inspired by the general ideas in semi-supervised learning, we address these problems via a new princi…

Weakly-supervised Instance Segmentation via Class-agnostic Learning with Salient Images

Humans have a strong class-agnostic object segmentation ability and can outline boundaries of unknown objects precisely, which motivates us to propose a box-supervised class-agnostic object segmentation (BoxCaseg) based solution for weakly-supervised instance segmentation. The BoxCaseg model is jointly trained using box-supervised images and salient images in a multi-task learning manner. The fine-annotated salient images provide class-agnostic and precise object localization guidance for box-supervised images. The object masks predicted by a pretrained BoxCaseg model are refined via a novel m…

Toward Robotic Weed Control: Detection of Nutsedge Weed in Bermudagrass Turf Using Inaccurate and Insufficient Training Data

To enable robotic weed control, we develop algorithms to detect nutsedge weed from bermudagrass turf. Due to the similarity between the weed and the background turf, manual data labeling is expensive and error-prone. Consequently, directly applying deep learning methods for object detection cannot generate satisfactory results. Building on an instance detection approach (i.e. Mask R-CNN), we combine synthetic data with raw data to train the network. We propose an algorithm to generate high fidelity synthetic data, adopting different levels of annotations to reduce labeling cost. Moreover, we c…

A Deep Learning Framework to Reconstruct Face under Mask

While deep learning-based image reconstruction methods have shown significant success in removing objects from pictures, they have yet to achieve acceptable results for attributing consistency to gender, ethnicity, expression, and other characteristics like the topological structure of the face. The purpose of this work is to extract the mask region from a masked image and rebuild the area that has been detected. This problem is complex because (i) it is difficult to determine the gender of an image hidden behind a mask, which causes the network to become confused and reconstruct the male face…

Training CNN Classifiers for Semantic Segmentation using Partially Annotated Images: with Application on Human Thigh and Calf MRI

Objective: Medical image datasets with pixel-level labels tend to have a limited number of organ or tissue label classes annotated, even when the images have wide anatomical coverage. With supervised learning, multiple classifiers are usually needed given these partially annotated datasets. In this work, we propose a set of strategies to train one single classifier in segmenting all label classes that are heterogeneously annotated across multiple datasets without moving into semi-supervised learning. Methods: Masks were first created from each label image through a process we termed presence m…

supervised adptive threshold network for instance segmentation

Currently, instance segmentation is attracting more and more attention in machine learning region. However, there exists some defects on the information propagation in previous Mask R-CNN and other network models. In this paper, we propose supervised adaptive threshold network for instance segmentation. Specifically, we adopt the Mask R-CNN method based on adaptive threshold, and by establishing a layered adaptive network structure, it performs adaptive binarization on the probability graph generated by Mask RCNN to obtain better segmentation effect and reduce the error rate. At the same time,…

Issues in Object Detection in Videos using Common Single-Image CNNs

A growing branch of computer vision is object detection. Object detection is used in many applications such as industrial process, medical imaging analysis, and autonomous vehicles. The ability to detect objects in videos is crucial. Object detection systems are trained on large image datasets. For applications such as autonomous vehicles, it is crucial that the object detection system can identify objects through multiple frames in video. There are many problems with applying these systems to video. Shadows or changes in brightness that can cause the system to incorrectly identify objects fra…

MaX-DeepLab: End-to-End Panoptic Segmentation with Mask Transformers

We present MaX-DeepLab, the first end-to-end model for panoptic segmentation. Our approach simplifies the current pipeline that depends heavily on surrogate sub-tasks and hand-designed components, such as box detection, non-maximum suppression, thing-stuff merging, etc. Although these sub-tasks are tackled by area experts, they fail to comprehensively solve the target task. By contrast, our MaX-DeepLab directly predicts class-labeled masks with a mask transformer, and is trained with a panoptic quality inspired loss via bipartite matching. Our mask transformer employs a dual-path architecture …

CoBra：互补分支融合类别与语义知识以实现鲁棒的弱监督语义分割

CoBra: Complementary Branch Fusing Class and Semantic Knowledge for Robust Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation

提出CoBra双分支框架，融合CNN的类别知识与ViT的语义知识，通过类别感知投影和语义感知投影生成鲁棒伪掩码，在PASCAL VOC 2012上实现最先进的弱监督语义分割。

BlendMask: Top-Down Meets Bottom-Up for Instance Segmentation

Instance segmentation is one of the fundamental vision tasks. Recently, fully convolutional instance segmentation methods have drawn much attention as they are often simpler and more efficient than two-stage approaches like Mask R-CNN. To date, almost all such approaches fall behind the two-stage Mask R-CNN method in mask precision when models have similar computation complexity, leaving great room for improvement. In this work, we achieve improved mask prediction by effectively combining instance-level information with semantic information with lower-level fine-granularity. Our main contribut…

Joint Object Contour Points and Semantics for Instance Segmentation

The attributes of object contours has great significance for instance segmentation task. However, most of the current popular deep neural networks do not pay much attention to the object edge information. Inspired by the human annotation process when making instance segmentation datasets, in this paper, we propose Mask Point R-CNN aiming at promoting the neural network's attention to the object boundary. Specifically, we innovatively extend the original human keypoint detection task to the contour point detection of any object. Based on this analogy, we present an contour point detection auxil…

Learning to Segment Human by Watching YouTube

An intuition on human segmentation is that when a human is moving in a video, the video-context (e.g., appearance and motion clues) may potentially infer reasonable mask information for the whole human body. Inspired by this, based on popular deep convolutional neural networks (CNN), we explore a very-weakly supervised learning framework for human segmentation task, where only an imperfect human detector is available along with massive weakly-labeled YouTube videos. In our solution, the video-context guided human mask inference and CNN based segmentation network learning iterate to mutually en…

SBNet: Sparse Blocks Network for Fast Inference

Conventional deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) apply convolution operators uniformly in space across all feature maps for hundreds of layers - this incurs a high computational cost for real-time applications. For many problems such as object detection and semantic segmentation, we are able to obtain a low-cost computation mask, either from a priori problem knowledge, or from a low-resolution segmentation network. We show that such computation masks can be used to reduce computation in the high-resolution main network. Variants of sparse activation CNNs have previously been explored on …

Ellipse R-CNN: Learning to Infer Elliptical Object from Clustering and Occlusion

Images of heavily occluded objects in cluttered scenes, such as fruit clusters in trees, are hard to segment. To further retrieve the 3D size and 6D pose of each individual object in such cases, bounding boxes are not reliable from multiple views since only a little portion of the object's geometry is captured. We introduce the first CNN-based ellipse detector, called Ellipse R-CNN, to represent and infer occluded objects as ellipses. We first propose a robust and compact ellipse regression based on the Mask R-CNN architecture for elliptical object detection. Our method can infer the parameter…

AISFormer: 基于Transformer的非模态实例分割

AISFormer: Amodal Instance Segmentation with Transformer

针对非模态实例分割中遮挡建模困难，提出基于Transformer掩码头的AISFormer框架，通过可学习查询显式建模掩码连贯性，在KINS、D2SA和COCOA-cls基准上验证了有效性。

One-Shot Instance Segmentation

We tackle the problem of one-shot instance segmentation: Given an example image of a novel, previously unknown object category, find and segment all objects of this category within a complex scene. To address this challenging new task, we propose Siamese Mask R-CNN. It extends Mask R-CNN by a Siamese backbone encoding both reference image and scene, allowing it to target detection and segmentation towards the reference category. We demonstrate empirical results on MS Coco highlighting challenges of the one-shot setting: while transferring knowledge about instance segmentation to novel object c…

Auto-Context R-CNN

Region-based convolutional neural networks (R-CNN)~\cite{fast_rcnn,faster_rcnn,mask_rcnn} have largely dominated object detection. Operators defined on RoIs (Region of Interests) play an important role in R-CNNs such as RoIPooling~\cite{fast_rcnn} and RoIAlign~\cite{mask_rcnn}. They all only utilize information inside RoIs for RoI prediction, even with their recent deformable extensions~\cite{deformable_cnn}. Although surrounding context is well-known for its importance in object detection, it has yet been integrated in R-CNNs in a flexible and effective way. Inspired by the auto-context work~…

Mask-based Data Augmentation for Semi-supervised Semantic Segmentation

Semantic segmentation using convolutional neural networks (CNN) is a crucial component in image analysis. Training a CNN to perform semantic segmentation requires a large amount of labeled data, where the production of such labeled data is both costly and labor intensive. Semi-supervised learning algorithms address this issue by utilizing unlabeled data and so reduce the amount of labeled data needed for training. In particular, data augmentation techniques such as CutMix and ClassMix generate additional training data from existing labeled data. In this paper we propose a new approach for data…

Contextual Attention for Hand Detection in the Wild

We present Hand-CNN, a novel convolutional network architecture for detecting hand masks and predicting hand orientations in unconstrained images. Hand-CNN extends MaskRCNN with a novel attention mechanism to incorporate contextual cues in the detection process. This attention mechanism can be implemented as an efficient network module that captures non-local dependencies between features. This network module can be inserted at different stages of an object detection network, and the entire detector can be trained end-to-end. We also introduce a large-scale annotated hand dataset containing ha…

SOLO: Segmenting Objects by Locations

We present a new, embarrassingly simple approach to instance segmentation in images. Compared to many other dense prediction tasks, e.g., semantic segmentation, it is the arbitrary number of instances that have made instance segmentation much more challenging. In order to predict a mask for each instance, mainstream approaches either follow the 'detect-thensegment' strategy as used by Mask R-CNN, or predict category masks first then use clustering techniques to group pixels into individual instances. We view the task of instance segmentation from a completely new perspective by introducing the…

Contour Loss for Instance Segmentation via k-step Distance Transformation Image

Instance segmentation aims to locate targets in the image and segment each target area at pixel level, which is one of the most important tasks in computer vision. Mask R-CNN is a classic method of instance segmentation, but we find that its predicted masks are unclear and inaccurate near contours. To cope with this problem, we draw on the idea of contour matching based on distance transformation image and propose a novel loss function, called contour loss. Contour loss is designed to specifically optimize the contour parts of the predicted masks, thus can assure more accurate instance segment…