While deep learning-based image reconstruction methods have shown significant success in removing objects from pictures, they have yet to achieve acceptable results for attributing consistency to gender, ethnicity, expression, and other characteristics like the topological structure of the face. The purpose of this work is to extract the mask region from a masked image and rebuild the area that has been detected. This problem is complex because (i) it is difficult to determine the gender of an image hidden behind a mask, which causes the network to become confused and reconstruct the male face as a female or vice versa; (ii) we may receive images from multiple angles, making it extremely difficult to maintain the actual shape, topological structure of the face and a natural image; and (iii) there are problems with various mask forms because, in some cases, the area of the mask cannot be anticipated precisely; certain parts of the mask remain on the face after completion. To solve this complex task, we split the problem into three phases: landmark detection, object detection for the targeted mask area, and inpainting the addressed mask region. To begin, to solve the first problem, we have used gender classification, which detects the actual gender behind a mask, then we detect the landmark of the masked facial image. Second, we identified the non-face item, i.e., the mask, and used the Mask R-CNN network to create the binary mask of the observed mask area. Thirdly, we developed an inpainting network that uses anticipated landmarks to create realistic images. To segment the mask, this article uses a mask R-CNN and offers a binary segmentation map for identifying the mask area. Additionally, we generated the image utilizing landmarks as structural guidance through a GAN-based network. The studies presented in this paper use the FFHQ and CelebA datasets.
Look Through Masks: Towards Masked Face Recognition with De-Occlusion Distillation
Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院信息工程研究所）；School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学网络安全学院）；State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, SCSE, Beihang University（北京航空航天大学虚拟现实技术与系统国家重点实验室）；Peng Cheng Laboratory（鹏城实验室）
Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC)（圣卡塔琳娜联邦大学）
Variational AutoEncoders (VAE) employ deep learning models to learn a continuous latent z-space that is subjacent to a high-dimensional observed dataset. With that, many tasks are made possible, including face reconstruction and face synthesis. In this work, we investigated how face masks can help the training of VAEs for face reconstruction, by restricting the learning to the pixels selected by the face mask. An evaluation of the proposal using the celebA dataset shows that the reconstructed images are enhanced with the face masks, especially when SSIM loss is used either with l1 or l2 loss f…
Technical University of Munich（慕尼黑工业大学）；BMW Group（宝马集团）
Face masks have long been used in many areas of everyday life to protect against the inhalation of hazardous fumes and particles. They also offer an effective solution in healthcare for bi-directional protection against air-borne diseases. Wearing and positioning the mask correctly is essential for its function. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) offer an excellent solution for face recognition and classification of correct mask wearing and positioning. In the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, such algorithms can be used at entrances to corporate buildings, airports, shopping areas, …
National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University（国立阳明交通大学）；National Chung Hsing University（国立中兴大学）
In the absence of vaccines or medicines to stop COVID-19, one of the effective methods to slow the spread of the coronavirus and reduce the overloading of healthcare is to wear a face mask. Nevertheless, to mandate the use of face masks or coverings in public areas, additional human resources are required, which is tedious and attention-intensive. To automate the monitoring process, one of the promising solutions is to leverage existing object detection models to detect the faces with or without masks. As such, security officers do not have to stare at the monitoring devices or crowds, and onl…
National Institute of Technology, Warangal（瓦朗加尔国家理工学院）
The use of facial masks in public spaces has become a social obligation since the wake of the COVID-19 global pandemic and the identification of facial masks can be imperative to ensure public safety. Detection of facial masks in video footages is a challenging task primarily due to the fact that the masks themselves behave as occlusions to face detection algorithms due to the absence of facial landmarks in the masked regions. In this work, we propose an approach for detecting facial masks in videos using deep learning. The proposed framework capitalizes on the MTCNN face detection model to id…
In response to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, we present a robust deep learning pipeline that is capable of identifying correct and incorrect mask-wearing from real-time video streams. To accomplish this goal, we devised two separate approaches and evaluated their performance and run-time efficiency. The first approach leverages a pre-trained face detector in combination with a mask-wearing image classifier trained on a large-scale synthetic dataset. The second approach utilizes a state-of-the-art object detection network to perform localization and classification of faces in one shot, fine-tu…
Texas A&M University（德克萨斯A&M大学）；University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee（威斯康星大学密尔沃基分校）；State University of New York at Binghamton（纽约州立大学宾汉姆顿分校）
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused many shutdowns in different industries around the world. Sectors such as infrastructure construction and maintenance projects have not been suspended due to their significant effect on people's routine life. In such projects, workers work close together that makes a high risk of infection. The World Health Organization recommends wearing a face mask and practicing physical distancing to mitigate the virus's spread. This paper developed a computer vision system to automatically detect the violation of face mask wearing and physical distancing among construction …
Inspired by the recent development of deep network-based methods in semantic image segmentation, we introduce an end-to-end trainable model for face mask extraction in video sequence. Comparing to landmark-based sparse face shape representation, our method can produce the segmentation masks of individual facial components, which can better reflect their detailed shape variations. By integrating Convolutional LSTM (ConvLSTM) algorithm with Fully Convolutional Networks (FCN), our new ConvLSTM-FCN model works on a per-sequence basis and takes advantage of the temporal correlation in video clips. …
MM-3DScene: 3D Scene Understanding by Customizing Masked Modeling with Informative-Preserved Reconstruction and Self-Distilled Consistency
Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory（上海人工智能实验室）
Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Delhi（德里英德拉普拉斯塔信息技术学院）；Netaji Subhas University of Technology, Delhi（德里内塔吉·苏巴斯理工大学）；Shiv Nadar University, Noida（诺伊达希夫·纳达尔大学）
Wearing masks is a useful protection method against COVID-19, which has caused widespread economic and social impact worldwide. Across the globe, governments have put mandates for the use of face masks, which have received both positive and negative reaction. Online social media provides an exciting platform to study the use of masks and analyze underlying mask-wearing patterns. In this article, we analyze 2.04 million social media images for six US cities. An increase in masks worn in images is seen as the COVID-19 cases rose, particularly when their respective states imposed strict regulatio…
Anhui University（安徽大学）；University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）
Face privacy-preserving is one of the hotspots that arises dramatic interests of research. However, the existing face privacy-preserving methods aim at causing the missing of semantic information of face and cannot preserve the reusability of original facial information. To achieve the naturalness of the processed face and the recoverability of the original protected face, this paper proposes face privacy-preserving method based on Invertible "Mask" Network (IMN). In IMN, we introduce a Mask-net to generate "Mask" face firstly. Then, put the "Mask" face onto the protected face and generate the…
The COVID-19 pandemic raises the problem of adapting face recognition systems to the new reality, where people may wear surgical masks to cover their noses and mouths. Traditional data sets (e.g., CelebA, CASIA-WebFace) used for training these systems were released before the pandemic, so they now seem unsuited due to the lack of examples of people wearing masks. We propose a method for enhancing data sets containing faces without masks by creating synthetic masks and overlaying them on faces in the original images. Our method relies on SparkAR Studio, a developer program made by Facebook that…
Masked Face Recognition with Generative-to-Discriminative Representations
Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院信息工程研究所）；School of Cyber Security at University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学网络空间安全学院）；Cloud Music Inc.（网易云音乐）；Department of Communication Engineering, Shanghai University（上海大学通信工程系）
East China Normal University（华东师范大学）；Nanyang Technological University（南洋理工大学）；Alibaba Group（阿里巴巴集团）
Modern face recognition systems (FRS) still fall short when the subjects are wearing facial masks, a common theme in the age of respiratory pandemics. An intuitive partial remedy is to add a mask detector to flag any masked faces so that the FRS can act accordingly for those low-confidence masked faces. In this work, we set out to investigate the potential vulnerability of such FRS equipped with a mask detector, on large-scale masked faces, which might trigger a serious risk, e.g., letting a suspect evade the FRS where both facial identity and mask are undetected. As existing face recognizers …
Shenzhen Deepcam Information Technologies（深圳深瞳信息技术公司）；LinkSprite Technologies（联芯通科技公司）
We present the improved network architecture, data augmentation, and training strategies for the Webface track and Insightface/Glint360K track of the masked face recognition challenge of ICCV2021. One of the key goals is to have a balanced performance of masked and standard face recognition. In order to prevent the overfitting for the masked face recognition, we control the total number of masked faces by not more than 10\% of the total face recognition in the training dataset. We propose a few key changes to the face recognition network including a new stem unit, drop block, face detection an…
During the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic, mask-wearing became an effective tool to prevent spreading and contracting the virus. The ability to monitor the mask-wearing rate in the population would be useful for determining public health strategies against the virus. However, artificial intelligence technologies for detecting face masks have not been deployed at a large scale in real-life to measure the mask-wearing rate in public. In this paper, we present a two-step face mask detection approach consisting of two separate modules: 1) face detection and alignment and 2) face mask classification. This app…
The University of Hong Kong（香港大学）；Nanyang Technological University（南洋理工大学）；MIT-IBM Watson AI Lab（麻省理工学院-IBM沃森人工智能实验室）
Face recognition under ideal conditions is now considered a well-solved problem with advances in deep learning. Recognizing faces under occlusion, however, still remains a challenge. Existing techniques often fail to recognize faces with both the mouth and nose covered by a mask, which is now very common under the COVID-19 pandemic. Common approaches to tackle this problem include 1) discarding information from the masked regions during recognition and 2) restoring the masked regions before recognition. Very few works considered the consistency between features extracted from masked faces and …
King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals（法赫德国王石油与矿产大学）；SDAIA-KFUPM Joint Research Center for Artificial Intelligence（沙特数据与人工智能局-法赫德国王石油与矿产大学人工智能联合研究中心）
Wearing a face mask is one of the adjustments we had to follow to reduce the spread of the coronavirus. Having our faces covered by masks constantly has driven the need to understand and investigate how this behavior affects the recognition capability of face recognition systems. Current face recognition systems have extremely high accuracy when dealing with unconstrained general face recognition cases but do not generalize well with occluded masked faces. In this work, we propose a system for masked face recognition. The proposed system comprises two Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models …
East China Normal University（华东师范大学）；University of Guelph（圭尔夫大学）
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread all over the world since it broke out massively in December 2019, which has caused a large loss to the whole world. Both the confirmed cases and death cases have reached a relatively frightening number. Syndrome coronaviruses 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of COVID-19, can be transmitted by small respiratory droplets. To curb its spread at the source, wearing masks is a convenient and effective measure. In most cases, people use face masks in a high-frequent but short-time way. Aimed at solving the problem that we don't know which service stage of the …
University of Ljubljana（卢布尔雅那大学）；Faculty of Computer and Information Science（计算机与信息科学学院）
Face recognition has become an essential task in our lives. However, the current COVID-19 pandemic has led to the widespread use of face masks. The effect of wearing face masks is currently an understudied issue. The aim of this paper is to analyze face detection, face landmarking, and face recognition performance with masked face images. HOG and CNN face detectors are used for face detection in combination with 5-point and 68-point face landmark predictors and VGG16 face recognition model is used for face recognition on masked and unmasked images. We found that the performance of face detecti…
Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD（弗劳恩霍夫计算机图形研究所）；TU Darmstadt（达姆施塔特工业大学）
Face masks have become one of the main methods for reducing the transmission of COVID-19. This makes face recognition (FR) a challenging task because masks hide several discriminative features of faces. Moreover, face presentation attack detection (PAD) is crucial to ensure the security of FR systems. In contrast to the growing number of masked FR studies, the impact of face masked attacks on PAD has not been explored. Therefore, we present novel attacks with real face masks placed on presentations and attacks with subjects wearing masks to reflect the current real-world situation. Furthermore…
As Covid-19 has been constantly getting mutated and in three or four months a new variant gets introduced to us and it comes with more deadly problems. The things that prevent us from getting Covid is getting vaccinated and wearing a face mask. In this paper, we have implemented a new Face Mask Detection and Person Recognition model named Insight face which is based on SoftMax loss classification algorithm Arc Face loss and names it as RFMPI-DNN(Rapid Face Detection and Peron Identification Model based on Deep Neural Networks) to detect face mask and person identity rapidly as compared to othe…
Vicomtech Foundation, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)（维康科技基金会，巴斯克研究与技术联盟（BRTA））；University of the Basque Country（巴斯克大学）
In this paper, we address the problem of face recognition with masks. Given the global health crisis caused by COVID-19, mouth and nose-covering masks have become an essential everyday-clothing-accessory. This sanitary measure has put the state-of-the-art face recognition models on the ropes since they have not been designed to work with masked faces. In addition, the need has arisen for applications capable of detecting whether the subjects are wearing masks to control the spread of the virus. To overcome these problems a full training pipeline is presented based on the ArcFace work, with sev…
Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications（北京邮电大学）
As more and more people begin to wear masks due to current COVID-19 pandemic, existing face recognition systems may encounter severe performance degradation when recognizing masked faces. To figure out the impact of masks on face recognition model, we build a simple but effective tool to generate masked faces from unmasked faces automatically, and construct a new database called Masked LFW (MLFW) based on Cross-Age LFW (CALFW) database. The mask on the masked face generated by our method has good visual consistency with the original face. Moreover, we collect various mask templates, covering m…
Normandie Univ（诺曼底大学）；UNIROUEN（鲁昂大学）；ESIGELEC（高等电子工程工程师学院）；IRSEEM（嵌入式电子系统研究所）；Université de Haute-Alsace（上阿尔萨斯大学）；IRIMAS（伊尔基希-格拉芬斯塔登数学与计算机科学研究所）；Université de Strasbourg（斯特拉斯堡大学）；Univ. Lille（里尔大学）；CNRS（法国国家科学研究中心）；Centrale Lille（里尔中央理工学院）；Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France（上法兰西综合理工大学）；Yncrea Hauts-de-France（上法兰西Yncrea工程学院）
The wearing of the face masks appears as a solution for limiting the spread of COVID-19. In this context, efficient recognition systems are expected for checking that people faces are masked in regulated areas. To perform this task, a large dataset of masked faces is necessary for training deep learning models towards detecting people wearing masks and those not wearing masks. Some large datasets of masked faces are available in the literature. However, at the moment, there are no available large dataset of masked face images that permits to check if detected masked faces are correctly worn or…
Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur（斋浦尔马拉维亚国家理工学院）；State University of New York Polytechnic Institute（纽约州立大学理工学院）
Face is one of the most widely employed traits for person recognition, even in many large-scale applications. Despite technological advancements in face recognition systems, they still face obstacles caused by pose, expression, occlusion, and aging variations. Owing to the COVID-19 pandemic, contactless identity verification has become exceedingly vital. Recently, few studies have been conducted on the effect of face mask on adult face recognition systems (FRS). However, the impact of aging with face mask on child subject recognition has not been adequately explored. Thus, the main objective o…
Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD（弗劳恩霍夫计算机图形研究所）；TU Darmstadt（达姆施塔特工业大学）
Due to the COVID-19 situation, face masks have become a main part of our daily life. Wearing mouth-and-nose protection has been made a mandate in many public places, to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 virus. However, face masks affect the performance of face recognition, since a large area of the face is covered. The effect of wearing a face mask on the different components of the face recognition system in a collaborative environment is a problem that is still to be fully studied. This work studies, for the first time, the effect of wearing a face mask on face image quality by utilising st…
With the recent world-wide COVID-19 pandemic, using face masks have become an important part of our lives. People are encouraged to cover their faces when in public area to avoid the spread of infection. The use of these face masks has raised a serious question on the accuracy of the facial recognition system used for tracking school/office attendance and to unlock phones. Many organizations use facial recognition as a means of authentication and have already developed the necessary datasets in-house to be able to deploy such a system. Unfortunately, masked faces make it difficult to be detect…
The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended wearing face masks as one of the most effective measures to prevent COVID-19 transmission. In many countries, it is now mandatory to wear face masks, specially in public places. Since manual monitoring of face masks is often infeasible in the middle of the crowd, automatic detection can be beneficial. To facilitate that, we explored a number of deep learning models (i.e., VGG1, VGG19, ResNet50) for face-mask detection and evaluated them on two benchmark datasets. We also evaluated transfer learning (i.e., VGG19, ResNet50 pre-trained on ImageN…
Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD（弗劳恩霍夫计算机图形研究所）；TU Darmstadt（达姆施塔特工业大学）
The emergence of the global COVID-19 pandemic poses new challenges for biometrics. Not only are contactless biometric identification options becoming more important, but face recognition has also recently been confronted with the frequent wearing of masks. These masks affect the performance of previous face recognition systems, as they hide important identity information. In this paper, we propose a mask-invariant face recognition solution (MaskInv) that utilizes template-level knowledge distillation within a training paradigm that aims at producing embeddings of masked faces that are similar …
Indian Statistical Institute（印度统计研究所）；Ramakrishna Mission Residential College, Narendrapur（罗摩克里希纳教会寄宿学院，纳伦德拉普尔）
In the last year, the outbreak of COVID-19 has deployed computer vision and machine learning algorithms in various fields to enhance human life interactions. COVID-19 is a highly contaminated disease that affects mainly the respiratory organs of the human body. We must wear a mask in this situation as the virus can be contaminated through the air and a non-masked person can be affected. Our proposal deploys a computer vision and deep learning framework to recognize face masks from images or videos. We have implemented a Boundary dependent face cut recognition algorithm that can cut the face fr…
Korea Institute of Science and Technology（韩国科学技术研究院）；Seoul National University（首尔大学）；University of Science and Technology（科学技术联合大学院大学）
Face recognition now requires a large number of labelled masked face images in the era of this unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic. Unfortunately, the rapid spread of the virus has left us little time to prepare for such dataset in the wild. To circumvent this issue, we present a 3D model-based approach called WearMask3D for augmenting face images of various poses to the masked face counterparts. Our method proceeds by first fitting a 3D morphable model on the input image, second overlaying the mask surface onto the face model and warping the respective mask texture, and last projecting the 3D mas…
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, wearing face masks has become a mandate in public places worldwide. Face masks occlude a significant portion of the facial region. Additionally, people wear different types of masks, from simple ones to ones with graphics and prints. These pose new challenges to face recognition algorithms. Researchers have recently proposed a few masked face datasets for designing algorithms to overcome the challenges of masked face recognition. However, existing datasets lack the cultural diversity and collection in the unrestricted settings. Country like India with attire diver…
Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD（弗劳恩霍夫计算机图形研究所）；TU Darmstadt（达姆施塔特工业大学）
Using the face as a biometric identity trait is motivated by the contactless nature of the capture process and the high accuracy of the recognition algorithms. After the current COVID-19 pandemic, wearing a face mask has been imposed in public places to keep the pandemic under control. However, face occlusion due to wearing a mask presents an emerging challenge for face recognition systems. In this paper, we present a solution to improve masked face recognition performance. Specifically, we propose the Embedding Unmasking Model (EUM) operated on top of existing face recognition models. We also…
Currently in the domain of facial analysis single task approaches for face detection and landmark localization dominate. In this paper we draw attention to multi-task models solving both tasks simultaneously. We present a highly accurate model for face and landmark detection. The method, called MaskFace, extends previous face detection approaches by adding a keypoint prediction head. The new keypoint head adopts ideas of Mask R-CNN by extracting facial features with a RoIAlign layer. The keypoint head adds small computational overhead in the case of few faces in the image while improving the a…
University of Westminster（威斯敏斯特大学）；Informatics Institute of Technology（信息学技术学院）
The face mask is an essential sanitaryware in daily lives growing during the pandemic period and is a big threat to current face recognition systems. The masks destroy a lot of details in a large area of face, and it makes it difficult to recognize them even for humans. The evaluation report shows the difficulty well when recognizing masked faces. Rapid development and breakthrough of deep learning in the recent past have witnessed most promising results from face recognition algorithms. But they fail to perform far from satisfactory levels in the unconstrained environment during the challenge…
Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University（台湾清华大学计算机科学系）；Microsoft AI R&D Center（微软人工智能研发中心）
Deep learning approaches have achieved highly accurate face recognition by training the models with very large face image datasets. Unlike the availability of large 2D face image datasets, there is a lack of large 3D face datasets available to the public. Existing public 3D face datasets were usually collected with few subjects, leading to the over-fitting problem. This paper proposes two CNN models to improve the RGB-D face recognition task. The first is a segmentation-aware depth estimation network, called DepthNet, which estimates depth maps from RGB face images by including semantic segmen…
A novel Facial Recognition technique with Focusing on Masked Faces
College of Science, Knowledge University（知识大学理学院）；Faculty of Science, Soran University（索兰大学理学院）；Technical College of Informatics, Sulaimani Polytechnic University（苏莱曼尼理工大学信息技术学院）；College of Computer and Information Technology, University of Garmian（加尔米安大学计算机与信息技术学院）；College of Science, University of Sulaimani（苏莱曼尼大学理学院）
Shanghai University（上海大学）；JD AI Research（京东人工智能研究院）
Near-infrared to visible (NIR-VIS) face recognition is the most common case in heterogeneous face recognition, which aims to match a pair of face images captured from two different modalities. Existing deep learning based methods have made remarkable progress in NIR-VIS face recognition, while it encounters certain newly-emerged difficulties during the pandemic of COVID-19, since people are supposed to wear facial masks to cut off the spread of the virus. We define this task as NIR-VIS masked face recognition, and find it problematic with the masked face in the NIR probe image. First, the lack…
Remote photoplethysmography (rPPG), a family of techniques for monitoring blood volume changes, may be especially useful for widespread contactless health monitoring using face video from consumer-grade visible-light cameras. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused the widespread use of protective face masks. We found that occlusions from cloth face masks increased the mean absolute error of heart rate estimation by more than 80\% when deploying methods designed on unmasked faces. We show that augmenting unmasked face videos by adding patterned synthetic face masks forces the model to attend to the p…
Over the last twenty years, there have seen several outbreaks of different coronavirus diseases across the world. These outbreaks often led to respiratory tract diseases and have proved to be fatal sometimes. Currently, we are facing an elusive health crisis with the emergence of COVID-19 disease of the coronavirus family. One of the modes of transmission of COVID- 19 is airborne transmission. This transmission occurs as humans breathe in the droplets released by an infected person through breathing, speaking, singing, coughing, or sneezing. Hence, public health officials have mandated the use…
School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University（西北工业大学电子信息学院）；Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari（卡利亚里大学电气与电子工程系）
Face presentation attacks have become a major threat to face recognition systems and many countermeasures have been proposed in the past decade. However, most of them are devoted to 2D face presentation attacks, rather than 3D face masks. Unlike the real face, the 3D face mask is usually made of resin materials and has a smooth surface, resulting in reflectance differences. So, we propose a novel detection method for 3D face mask presentation attack by modeling reflectance differences based on intrinsic image analysis. In the proposed method, the face image is first processed with intrinsic im…
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev（本-古里安大学）；Tel Aviv University（特拉维夫大学）
Deep learning-based facial recognition (FR) models have demonstrated state-of-the-art performance in the past few years, even when wearing protective medical face masks became commonplace during the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the outstanding performance of these models, the machine learning research community has shown increasing interest in challenging their robustness. Initially, researchers presented adversarial attacks in the digital domain, and later the attacks were transferred to the physical domain. However, in many cases, attacks in the physical domain are conspicuous, and thus may rais…
University of Melbourne（墨尔本大学）；University of Moratuwa（莫拉图瓦大学）；National University of Singapore（新加坡国立大学）；RMIT University（皇家墨尔本理工大学）
Contactless and efficient systems are implemented rapidly to advocate preventive methods in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the positive benefits of such systems, there is potential for exploitation by invading user privacy. In this work, we analyse the privacy invasiveness of face biometric systems by predicting privacy-sensitive soft-biometrics using masked face images. We train and apply a CNN based on the ResNet-50 architecture with 20,003 synthetic masked images and measure the privacy invasiveness. Despite the popular belief of the privacy benefits of wearing a mask amon…
Coronavirus 2019 has made a significant impact on the world. One effective strategy to prevent infection for people is to wear masks in public places. Certain public service providers require clients to use their services only if they properly wear masks. There are, however, only a few research studies on automatic face mask detection. In this paper, we proposed RetinaFaceMask, the first high-performance single stage face mask detector. First, to solve the issue that existing studies did not distinguish between correct and incorrect mask wearing states, we established a new dataset containing …
