新的STAR微分和积分v{2，3}的测量，明确占非流动的贡献报告p/d/3 He+金，碰撞在根=200 GeV。的测量，利用两个粒子的双粒子加速器的p/d/3 He +Au和最小偏置的p+p碰撞串联与三个完善的方法的非流减法，被观察到是方法无关的。对于可比较的多重性，它们进一步表明系统无关的v2{2}和v3{2}值与尺寸（N{ch}）和亚核子涨落驱动的偏心率e{2，3}的关键作用一致，但与p/d/3 He +Au碰撞中的形状工程概念不一致。来自测量的标度函数，确认了在广泛的碰撞系统的大小和能量的最终状态的影响的重要作用，并建议增加η/s（T，μ B）的小碰撞系统。
英文摘要：
New STAR differential and integral v{2,3} measurements that explicitly account for non-flow contributions are reported for p/d/3He+Au, collisions at Roots=200 GeV. The measurements, which leverage the two-particle correlators for p/d/3He+Au and minimum-bias p+p collisions in tandem with three well-established methods of non-flow subtraction, are observed to be method-independent. For comparable multiplicities, they further indicate system-independent v2{2} and v3{2} values that are consistent with the critical role of both size (N{ch}) and the subnucleonic-fluctuations-driven eccentricities e{2,3} but are inconsistent with the notion of shape engineering in p/d/3He+Au collisions. The scaling function derived from the measurements, confirm the important role of final-state effects across a broad spectrum of collision-system sizes and energies and suggests an increase in eta/s(T,muB) for small collision-systems.
Influence of initial-state momentum anisotropy on the final-state collectivity in small collision systems
利用多相输运模型研究了小系统碰撞中长程集体方位关联的起源。为了解开与初始态内禀动量各向异性相关的集体性和作为碰撞几何的终态响应而产生的集体性之间的纠缠，我们研究了5.02 TeV $p$ +Pb碰撞中集体性的发展，同时考虑了初始态和终态效应.我们发现，初始动量各向异性可能不会完全各向同性通过部分子相互作用，和最终状态的部分子集体一般都与初始动量各向异性和碰撞几何形状。初始动量的各向异性还通过集体流的事件涨落影响事件。因此，仅仅是集体流的几何响应的证据不能排除来自初始状态的大的贡献的存在。
We present full (3+1)D dynamical simulations to study collective behavior in ultra-peripheral nucleus-nucleus collisions (UPC) at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) with the 3DGlauber+MUSIC+UrQMD framework. By extrapolating from asymmetric p+Pb collisions, we simulate a quasi-real photon $γ^*$ interacting with the Pb nucleus in an ultra-peripheral collision at the LHC, assuming strong final-state effects. We study the elliptic flow hierarchy between p+Pb and $γ^*$+Pb collisions, which is dominated by the difference in longitudinal flow decorrelations. Our theoretical framework provides a quantita…
We propose a test-particle method to probe the transport dynamics of the establishment and development of collective flow in large and small systems of heavy-ion collisions. We place test particles as passengers into the partonic medium created by Au$+$Au midcentral collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV and $p$ $+$ Pb central collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV, using a multiphase transport model. With the help of test particles in two extreme test cases, we demonstrate that parton collisions play an important role in establishing and developing collectivity in large and small colliding…
We present the first full (3+1)D dynamical simulations of ultra-peripheral Pb+Pb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. Extrapolating from p+Pb collisions, we explore whether a quasi-real photon $γ^*$ interacting with the lead nucleus in an ultra-peripheral collision can create a many-body system exhibiting fluid behavior. Assuming strong final-state interactions, we provide model results for charged hadron multiplicity, identified particle mean transverse momenta, and charged hadron anisotropic flow coefficients, and compare them with experimental data from the ALICE and ATLAS collaboration…
Are minimal conditions for collectivity met in e+e- collisions?
集体行为的特征已经在高度相对论性的p+p碰撞，以及在p+A，d+A和3 He +A碰撞中测量到。在这些系统中的许多粒子相关测量已成功地描述了粘性流体动力学和传输模型的基础上的计算。这些观察提出了一个系统表现集体性的最低必要条件的问题。最近，许多科学家提出了一个问题，即在e+e-碰撞中产生的夸克和胶子是否可以满足这些最小条件。在本文中，我们探讨可能的签名集体，或缺乏，在电子+电子碰撞利用多相输运（AMPT）框架，其中包括熔化的色弦，部分子散射，强子化，强子再散射。
Small System Collectivity in Relativistic Hadron and Nuclear Collisions
在相对论重离子对撞机和大型强子对撞机的重离子碰撞中，核物质在超高温下的整体运动可以用几乎无粘的流体力学很好地描述，从而建立了这种夸克和胶子系统作为自然界中最完美的流体。该领域的一场革命正在进行中，以在更小的系统中发现类似的集体，流体状现象为先导，包括p+p，p+A，d+Au和$^3$ He $+$ Au碰撞。我们回顾这些令人兴奋的新观察及其影响。
Systematic investigation of partonic collectivity through centrality dependence of elliptic flow of multi-strange hadrons in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV in STAR
Collective flow of the final-state hadrons observed in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions or even in smaller systems formed in high-multiplicity pp and p/d/$^3$He-nucleus collisions is one of the most important diagnostic tools to probe the initial state of the system and to shed light on the properties of the short-lived, strongly-interacting many-body state formed in these collisions. Limited, in the initial years, to the study of mainly the directed and elliptic flows -- the first two Fourier harmonics of the single-particle azimuthal distribution -- this field has evolved in recent yea…
Hanbury Brown--Twiss interferometry (HBT) provides crucial insights into both the space-time structure and the momentum-space evolution of ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions at freeze-out. In particular, the dependence of the HBT radii on the transverse pair momentum $K_T$ and the system charged multiplicity $dN_{\mathrm{ch}}/dη$ may reflect the mechanisms driving collective behavior in small systems. This paper argues that certain features observed in the multiplicity dependence of the HBT radii can be naturally understood if small systems evolve hydrodynamically at high-multiplicity. This …
Medium modification of particle spectra and the origin of collectivity in small collision systems are widely debated topics in the heavy-ion community. To address these open questions, we propose the study of particle production and collectivity for varying system sizes,Au+Au $>$ Ru+Ru/Zr+Zr $>$ Cu+Cu $>$ d+Au $>$ $γ$+Au, available at RHIC using the STAR detector. We present the first measurements of centrality dependent charged hadron production in Isobar (Ru+Ru and Zr+Zr) collisions, including the nuclear modification factors ($R_\mathrm{AA}$) at high transverse momentom ($p_\mathrm{T}$), an…
The production of $J/ψ$ mesons in heavy-ion collisions at the Large Hadron Collider is believed to be dominated by the recombination of charm and anti-charm quarks in a hot QCD medium. However, measurements of the elliptic flow ($v_2$) of $J/ψ$ mesons in these reactions are not well described by existing calculations of $J/ψ$ recombination for transverse momenta $p_T\geq$4 GeV. Here, we revisit these calculations in two main aspects. By employing the resonance recombination model, we implement distribution functions of charm quarks transported through the quark-gluon plasma using state-of-the-…
The presence of correlations between particles significantly separated in pseudorapidity in proton-proton and proton-nucleus collisions revealed surprises in the early LHC data. Are the physical processes responsible for the observed long-range pseudorapidity correlations and their azimuthal structure the same in small collision systems as in heavy ion collisions? Whereas in the case of heavy ion collisions "flow" is interpreted as generated by initial geometric inhomogeneities, calculations indicate that initial-state momentum correlations are present and could contribute to the observed azim…
High energy heavy-ion collisions produce large amounts of light nuclei and hype nuclei, especially at high baryon density around collision energy of several GeV. These light nuclei and hyper nuclei carry the information of nucleon-nucleon and hyperon-nucleon interactions and affect the chemical composition and properties of the collision system. This proceeding is a brief review for the recent measurements on light nuclei collective flow, including directed flow $v_1$, elliptic flow $v_2$, and high order flow coefficients, at finite and high baryon densities from different experiments. The lig…
Nuclear collectivity and the harmonic spectrum of two-body correlations
Institut de Physique Théorique, Université Paris Saclay, CEA, CNRS（巴黎萨克雷大学理论物理研究所）；Theoretical Physics Department, CERN（欧洲核子研究中心理论物理部）；INFN-TIFPA Trento Institute of Fundamental Physics and Applications（特伦托基础物理与应用研究所）；Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory（阿贡国家实验室物理部）；Computational Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory（阿贡国家实验室计算科学部）
Proton Collectivity in Au+Au Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=2.4-4.5$~GeV from a Unified Purely Hadronic EOS without QCD Phase Transition
School of Physics and Electronic Science, Guizhou Normal University（贵州师范大学物理与电子科学学院）；Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Data Processing, Guizhou Normal University（贵州师范大学贵州省射电天文与数据处理重点实验室）；Department of Physics, Tsinghua University（清华大学物理系）；Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University（清华大学高能物理中心）
Imprints of octupole collectivity in uranium-238 on relativistic heavy-ion flow observables
Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), and Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University（复旦大学现代物理研究所）；Shanghai Research Center for Theoretical Nuclear Physics, NSFC and Fudan University（复旦大学理论物理研究中心）；Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University（石溪大学化学系）；Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory（布鲁克海文国家实验室物理部）；Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University（韦恩州立大学物理与天文学系）；RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory（布鲁克海文国家实验室理研BNL研究中心）；Physics Department and Center for Particle Physics and Field Theory, Fudan University（复旦大学物理系及粒子物理与场论中心）
Physics of Collectivity and EOS from the RHIC Beam Energy Scan Program
Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院近代物理研究所）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；Central China Normal University（华中师范大学）
We study the influence of quantum interference and colour flow on three point correlations described by asymmetric cumulants in high multiplicity events in pp collisions. We use the model previously developed for the study of the collectivity in symmetric cumulants. We show that the resulting three point asymmetric cumulant is in qualitative agreement with the experimental data for the same parameters of the model as it was with the symmetric cumulants. Our results show that the initial state correlations must play a major role and may be even dominant in the explanation of the correlations in…
