We prove monotonicity of a parabolic frequency on manifolds. This is a parabolic analog of Almgren's frequency function. Remarkably we get monotonicity on all manifolds and no curvature assumption is needed. When the manifold is Euclidean space and the drift operator is the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck operator this can been seen to imply Poon's frequency monotonicity for the ordinary heat equation. Monotonicity of frequency is a parabolic analog of the 19th century Hadamard three circles theorem about log convexity of holomorphic functions on $\CC$. From the monotonicity, we get parabolic unique continuation and backward uniqueness.
In this article we establish a local parabolic almost monotonicity formula for two phase free boundary problems on Riemannian manifolds, which is an extension of a work of Edquist-Petrosyan.
In this short note we extend Chow and Lu's advanced maximum principles for parabolic systems on closed manifolds to the case of compact manifolds with boundary, which also generalizes a Hopf type theorem of Pulemotov.
In this article, we prove a sharp estimate for the solutions to parabolic equations on manifolds. Precisely, using symmetrization techniques and isoperimetric inequalities on Riemannian manifold, we obtain a Bandle's comparison on complete noncompact manifolds with nonnegative Ricci curvature and compact manifolds with positive Ricci curvature respectively. Our results generalize Bandle's result [6] to Riemannian setting, and Talenti's comparison for elliptic equation on manifolds by Colladay-Langford-McDonald [12] and Chen-Li [9] to parabolic equations.
In this work we establish new equivalences for the concept of $p$-parabolic Riemannian manifolds. We define a concept of comparison principle for elliptic PDE's on exterior domains of a complete Riemannian manifold $M$ and prove that $M$ is $p$-parabolic if and only if this comparison principle holds for the $p$-Laplace equation. We show also that the $p$-parabolicity of $M$ implies the validity of this principle for more general elliptic PDS's and, in some cases, these results can be extended for non $p$-parabolic manifolds or unbounded solutions, provided that some growth of these solutions …
We prove the long time existence and uniqueness of solutions to the parabolic Monge-Ampère equation on compact almost Hermitian manifolds. We also show that the normalization of solution converges to a smooth function in $C^{\infty}$ topology as $t\rightarrow\infty$. Up to scaling, the limit function is a solution of the Monge-Ampère equation. This gives a parabolic proof of existence of solutions to the Monge-Ampère equation on almost Hermitian manifolds.
We present some new ideas to derive {\em a priori} second order estiamtes for a wide class of fully nonlinear parabolic equations. Our methods, which produce new existence results for the initial-boundary value problems in $\bfR^n$, are powerful enough to work in general Riemannian manifolds.
This work is devoted to the study of parabolic frequency for solutions of the heat equation on Riemannian manifolds. We show that the parabolic frequency functional is almost increasing on compact manifolds with nonnegative sectional curvature, which generalizes a monotonicity result proved by C. Poon and by L. Ni. The proof is based on a generalization of R. Hamilton's matrix Harnack inequality for small time. As applications, we obtain a unique continuation result. Monotonicity of a new quantity under two-dimensional Ricci flow, closely related to the parabolic frequency functional, is deriv…
We consider a class of fully non-linear parabolic equations on compact Hermitian manifolds involving symmetric functions of partial Laplacians. Under fairly general assumptions, we show the long time existence and convergence of solutions. We also derive a Harnack inequality for the linearized equation which is used in the proof of convergence.
We study the parabolic complex Monge-Ampère type equations on closed Hermitian manfolds. We derive uniform $C^\infty$ {\em a priori} estimates for normalized solutions, and then prove the $C^\infty$ convergence. The result also yields a way to carry out method of continuity for elliptic Monge-Ampére type equations.
We investigate existence and uniqueness of bounded solutions of parabolic equations with unbounded coefficients in $M\times \mathbb R_+$, where $M$ is a complete noncompact Riemannian manifold. Under specific assumptions, we establish existence of solutions satisfying prescribed conditions at infinity, depending on the direction along which infinity is approached. Moreover, the large-time behavior of such solutions is studied. We consider also elliptic equations on $M$ with similar conditions at infinity.
The first part of the paper discusses a second-order quasilinear parabolic equation in a vector bundle over a compact manifold $M$ with boundary $\partial M$. We establish a short-time existence theorem for this equation. The second part of the paper is devoted to the investigation of the Ricci flow on $M$. We propose a new boundary condition for the flow and prove two short-time existence results.
In this work there is established an optimal existence and regularity theory for second order linear parabolic differential equations on a large class of noncompact Riemannian manifolds. Then it is shown that it provides a general unifying approach to problems with strong degeneracies in the interior or at the boundary.
We consider the Cauchy problem for doubly non-linear degenerate parabolic equations on Riemannian manifolds of infinite volume, or in $\R^N$. The equation contains a weight function as a capacitary coefficient which we assume to decay at infinity. We connect the behavior of non-negative solutions to the interplay between such coefficient and the geometry of the manifold, obtaining, in a suitable subcritical range, estimates of the vanishing rate for long times and of the finite speed of propagation. In supercritical ranges we obtain universal bounds and prove blow up in a finite time of the (i…
In this article we study the Kähler Ricci flow, the corresponding parabolic Monge Ampère equation and complete non-compact Kähler Ricci flat manifolds. In our main result Theorem \ref{mainthm} we prove that if $(M, g)$ is sufficiently close to being Kähler Ricci flat in a suitable sense, then the Kähler Ricci flow \eqref{KRF} has a long time smooth solution $g(t)$ converging smoothly uniformly on compact sets to a complete Kähler Ricci flat metric on $M$. The main step is to obtain a uniform $C^0$-estimates for the corresponding parabolic Monge Ampère equation. Our results on this can be viewe…
A notion of parabolic C-subsolutions is introduced for parabolic equations, extending the theory of C-subsolutions recently developed by B. Guan and more specifically G. Székelyhidi for elliptic equations. The resulting parabolic theory provides a convenient unified approach for the study of many geometric flows.
We prove that the only complex parabolic geometries on Calabi-Yau manifolds are the homogeneous geometries on complex tori. We also classify the complex parabolic geometries on homogeneous compact Kähler manifolds.
This paper defines a parabolic frequency for solutions of the heat equation along homothetically shrinking mean curvature flows and proves its monotonicity along such flows. As a corollary, frequency monotonicity provides a proof of backwards uniqueness. Additionally, for solutions of more general parabolic equations on mean curvature flow shrinkers, this paper provides bounds on the derivative of the frequency, which similarly imply backwards uniqueness.
This paper defines a parabolic frequency for solutions of the heat equation on a Ricci flow and proves it's monotonicity along the flow. Frequency monotonicity is known to have many useful consequences; here it is shown to provide a simple proof of backwards uniqueness. For solutions of more general parabolic equations on a Ricci flow, this paper provides bounds on the derivative of the frequency, which similarly imply backwards uniqueness.
We prove that any simply connected special Kaehler manifold admits a canonical immersion as a parabolic affine hypersphere. As an application, we associate a parabolic affine hypersphere to any nondegenerate holomorphic function. Also we show that a classical result of Calabi and Pogorelov on parabolic spheres implies Lu's theorem on complete special Kaehler manifolds with a positive definite metric.
We define a (mean curvature flow) entropy for Radon measures in $\mathbb{R}^n$ or in a compact manifold. Moreover, we prove a monotonicity formula of the entropy of the measures associated with the parabolic Allen-Cahn equations. If the ambient manifold is a compact manifold with non-negative sectional curvature and parallel Ricci curvature, this is a consequence of a new monotonicity formula for the parabolic Allen-Cahn equation. As an application, we show that when the entropy of the initial data is small enough (less than twice of the energy of the one-dimensional standing wave), the limit …
We prove $C^\infty$ convergence for suitably normalized solutions of the parabolic complex Monge-Ampère equation on compact Hermitian manifolds. This provides a parabolic proof of a recent result of Tosatti and Weinkove.
Every holomorphic effective parabolic or reductive geometry on a domain over a Stein manifold extends uniquely to the envelope of holomorphy of the domain. This result completes the open problems of my earlier paper on extension of holomorphic geometric structures on complex manifolds. We use this result to classify the Hopf manifolds which admit holomorphic reductive geometries, and to classify the Hopf manifolds which admit holomorphic parabolic geometries. Every Hopf manifold which admits a holomorphic parabolic geometry with a given model admits a flat one. We classify flat holomorphic par…
We derive sharp estimates on modulus of continuity for solutions of the heat equation on a compact Riemannian manifold with a Ricci curvature bound, in terms of initial oscillation and elapsed time. As an application, we give an easy proof of the optimal lower bound on the first eigenvalue of the Laplacian on such a manifold as a function of diameter.
We prove the Hijazi inequality, an estimate for Dirac eigenvalues, for complete manifolds of finite volume. Under some additional assumptions on the dimension and the scalar curvature, this inequality is also valid for elements of the essential spectrum. This allows to prove the conformal version of the Hijazi inequality on conformally parabolic manifolds if the spin analog to the Yamabe invariant is positive.
In this paper, we introduce a new parabolic equation on Kähler manifolds. The static point of this flow is related to the existence of a lower bound of the Mabuchi energy. In this paper, we prove the flow always exists for all times for any initial smooth data. Further more, if the initial metric has non-negative bisectional curvature, we prove the flow converges to a static metric eventually.
We study a parabolic equation for finding solutions to the optimal transport problem on compact Riemannian manifolds with general cost functions. We show that if the cost satisfies the strong MTW condition and the stay-away singularity property, then the solution to the parabolic flow with any appropriate initial condition exists for all time and it converges exponentially to the solution to the optimal transportation problem. Such results hold in particular, on the sphere for the distance squared cost of the round metric and for the far-field reflector antenna cost, among others.
In this note, we establish the dihedral rigidity phenomenon for a collection of parabolic polyhedrons enclosed by horospheres in hyperbolic manifolds, extending Gromov's comparison theory to metrics with negative scalar curvature lower bounds. Our result is a localization of the positive mass theorem for asymptotically hyperbolic manifolds. We also motivate and formulate some open questions concerning related rigidity phenomenon and convergence of metrics with scalar curvature lower bounds.
Let $(M^{n},g,e^{-ϕ}dv)$ be a weighted Riemannian manifold evolving by geometric flow $\frac{\partial g}{\partial t}=2h(t),\,\,\,\frac{\partial ϕ}{\partial t}=Δϕ$. In this paper, we obtain a series of space-time gradient estimates for positive solutions of a parabolic partial equation $$(Δ_ϕ-\partial_{t})u(x,t)=q(x,t)u^{a+1}(x,t)+p(x,t)A(u(x,t))),\,\,\,\,(x,t)\in M\times[0,T]$$ on a weighted Riemannian manifold under geometric flow. By integrating the gradient estimates, we find the corresponding Harnack inequalities.
In this paper, we study the nonlinear parabolic equation with two exponents on complete noncompact Riemannian maniflods. The special types of such equation include the Fisher-KPP equation, the parabolic Allen-Cahn equation and the Newell-Whitehead equation. We get the Souplet-Zhang's gradeint estimates for the positive solutions to such equation. We also obtain the Liouville theorem for positive ancient solutions. Our results extend those of Souplet-Zhang (Bull. London. Math. Soc. 38:1045-1053, 2006) and Zhu (Acta Mathematica Scientia 36B(2): 514-526, 2016).
Let M be a compact, holomorphically symplectic Kahler manifold, and $η$ a (1,1)-current which is nef (a limit of Kahler forms). Assume that the cohomology class of $η$ is parabolic, that is, its top power vanishes. We prove that all Lelong sets of $η$ are coisotropic. When M is generic, this is used to show that all Lelong numbers of $η$ vanish. We prove that any hyperkahler manifold with Pic(M) of rank 1 has non-trivial coisotropic subvarieties, if a generator of Pic(M) is parabolic.
Ray nil-affine geometries are defined on nilpotent spaces. They occur in every parabolic geometry and in those cases, the nilpotent space is an open dense subset of the corresponding flag manifold. We are interested in closed manifolds having a ray nil-affine structure. We show that under a rank one condition on the isotropy, closed manifolds are either complete or their developing map is a cover onto the complement of a nil-affine subspace. We prove that if additionally there is a parallel volume or if the automorphism group acts non properly then closed manifolds are always complete.This pap…
All parabolic geometries, i.e. Cartan geometries with homogeneous model a real generalized flag manifold, admit highly interesting classes of distinguished curves. The geodesics of a projective class of connections on a manifold, conformal circles on conformal Riemannian manifolds, and Chern--Moser chains on CR--manifolds of hypersurface type are typical examples. We show that such distinguished curves are always determined by a finite jet in one point, and study the properties of such jets. We also discuss the question when distinguished curves agree up to reparametrization and discuss the di…
As an application of the theory of linear parabolic differential equations on noncompact Riemannian manifolds, developed in earlier papers, we prove a maximal regularity theorem for nonuniformly parabolic boundary value problems in Euclidean spaces. The new feature of our result is the fact that, besides of obtaining an optimal solution theory, we consider the `natural' case where the degeneration occurs only in the normal direction.
Let $(N, g)$ be a complete noncompact Riemannian manifold with Ricci curvature bounded from below. In this paper, we study the gradient estimates of positive solutions to a class of nonlinear elliptic equations $$Δu(x)+a(x)u(x)\log u(x)+b(x)u(x)=0$$ on $N$ where $a(x)$ is $C^{2}$-smooth while $b(x)$ is $C^{1}$ and its parabolic counterparts $$(Δ-\frac{\partial}{\partial t})u(x,t)+a(x,t)u(x,t)\log u(x,t) + b(x,t)u(x,t)=0$$ on $N\times[0, \infty)$ where $a(x,t)$ and $b(x,t)$ are $C^{2} $ with respect to $x\in N$ while are $C^{1}$ with respect to the time $t$. In contrast with lots of similar res…
We investigate a parabolic-elliptic system for maps $(u,v)$ from a compact Riemann surface $M$ into a Lorentzian manifold $N\times{\mathbb{R}}$ with a warped product metric. That system turns the harmonic map type equations into a parabolic system, but keeps the $v$-equation as a nonlinear second order constraint along the flow. We prove a global existence result of the parabolic-elliptic system by assuming either some geometric conditions on the target Lorentzian manifold or small energy of the initial maps. The result implies the existence of a Lorentzian harmonic map in a given homotopy cla…
We construct infinite families of regular normal Cartan geometries with nonvanishing curvature and essential automorphisms on closed manifolds for many higher rank parabolic model geometries. To do this, we use particular elements of the kernel of the Kostant Laplacian to construct homogeneous Cartan geometries of the desired type, giving a global realization of an elegant local construction due to Kruglikov and The, and then modify these homogeneous geometries to make their base manifolds compact. As a demonstration, we apply the construction to quaternionic contact structrures of mixed signa…
We study a parabolic complex Monge-Ampère type equation of the form \eqref{MA} on a complete noncompact \K manifold. We prove a short time existence result and obtain basic estimates. Applying these results, we prove that under certain assumptions on a given real and closed (1,1) form $Ω$ and initial \K metric $g_0$ on $M$, the modified \KR flow $g'=-\Ric+Ω$ has a long time smooth solution converging to a complete \K metric such that $\Ric=Ω$, which extends the result in [1] to non-compact manifolds. We will also obtain a long time existence result for the \KR flow which generalizes a result […
