Given a surjective endomorphism $f: X \to X$ on a projective variety over a number field, one can define the arithmetic degree $α_f(x)$ of $f$ at a point $x$ in $X$. The Kawaguchi - Silverman Conjecture (KSC) predicts that any forward $f$-orbit of a point $x$ in $X$ at which the arithmetic degree $α_f(x)$ is strictly smaller than the first dynamical degree $δ_f$ of $f$ is not Zariski dense. We extend the KSC to sAND (= small Arithmetic Non-Density) Conjecture that the locus $Z_f(d)$ of all points of small arithmetic degree is not Zariski dense, and verify this sAND Conjecture for endomorphisms on projective varieties including surfaces, HyperKähler varieties, abelian varieties, Mori dream spaces, simply connected smooth varieties admitting int-amplified endomorphisms, smooth threefolds admitting int-amplified endomorphisms, and some fibre spaces. We show the equivalence of the sAND Conjecture and another conjecture on the periodic subvarieties of small dynamical degree; we also show the close relations between the sAND Conjecture and the Uniform Boundedness Conjecture of Morton and Silverman on endomorphisms of projective spaces and another long standing conjecture on Uniform Boundedness of torsion points in abelian varieties.
Given a dominant rational self-map on a projective variety over a number field, we can define the arithmetic degree at a rational point. It is known that the arithmetic degree at any point is less than or equal to the first dynamical degree. In this article, we show that there are densely many $\overline{\mathbb Q}$-rational points with maximal arithmetic degree (i.e. whose arithmetic degree is equal to the first dynamical degree) for self-morphisms on projective varieties. For unirational varieties and abelian varieties, we show that there are densely many rational points with maximal arithme…
For a dominant rational self-map on a smooth projective variety defined over a number field, Kawaguchi and Silverman conjectured that the (first) dynamical degree is equal to the arithmetic degree at a rational point whose forward orbit is well-defined and Zariski dense. We prove this conjecture for surjective endomorphisms on smooth projective surfaces. For surjective endomorphisms on any smooth projective varieties, we show the existence of rational points whose arithmetic degrees are equal to the dynamical degree. Moreover, we prove that there exists a Zariski dense set of rational points h…
For a dominant rational self-map on a smooth projective variety defined over a number field, Shu Kawaguchi and Joseph H. Silverman conjectured that the dynamical degree is equal to the arithmetic degree at a rational point whose forward orbit is well-defined and Zariski dense. We give some examples of self-maps on product varieties and rational points on them for which the Kawaguchi-Silverman conjecture holds.
Suppose that $f \colon X \dashrightarrow X$ is a dominant rational self-map of a smooth projective variety defined over ${\overline{\mathbf Q}}$. Kawaguchi and Silverman conjectured that if $P \in X({\overline{\mathbf Q}})$ is a point with well-defined forward orbit, then the growth rate of the height along the orbit exists, and coincides with the first dynamical degree $λ_1(f)$ of $f$ if the orbit of $P$ is Zariski dense in $X$. In this note, we extend the Kawaguchi-Silverman conjecture to the setting of orbits of higher-dimensional subvarieties of $X$. We begin by defining a set of arithmeti…
We prove that any surjective self-morphism with $δ_f > 1$ on a potentially dense smooth projective surface defined over a number field $K$ has densely many $L$-rational points for a finite extension $L/K$.
We introduce a new canonical height function for Jordan blocks of small eigenvalues for endomorphisms on smooth projective varieties over a number field. We prove that under an assumption on the eigenvalues of the endomorphism on the group of divisors modulo numerical equivalence, the arithmetic degree at a rational point is equal to one if and only if it is preperiodic under the endomorphism.
Let $ϕ:X\dashrightarrow X$ be a dominant rational map of a smooth variety and let $x\in X$, all defined over $\bar{\mathbb Q}$. The dynamical degree $δ(ϕ)$ measures the geometric complexity of the iterates of $ϕ$, and the arithmetic degree $α(ϕ,x)$ measures the arithmetic complexity of the forward $ϕ$-orbit of $x$. It is known that $α(ϕ,x)\leδ(ϕ)$, and it is conjectured that if the $ϕ$-orbit of $x$ is Zariski dense in $X$, then $α(ϕ,x)=δ(ϕ)$, i.e., arithmetic complexity equals geometric complexity. In this note we prove this conjecture in the case that $X$ is an abelian variety, extending earl…
We study arithmetic degree of a dominant rational self-map on a smooth projective variety over a function field of characteristic zero. We see that the notion of arithmetic degree and some related problems over function fields are interpreted into geometric ones. We give another proof of the theorem that the arithmetic degree at any point is smaller than or equal to the dynamical degree. We give a sufficient condition for an arithmetic degree to coincide with the dynamical degree, and prove that any self-map has so many points whose arithmetic degrees are equal to the dynamical degree. We stud…
We prove a conjecture by Kawaguchi-Silverman on arithmetic and dynamical degrees, for self-morphisms of semi-abelian varieties. Moreover, we determine the set of the arithmetic degrees of orbits and the (first) dynamical degrees of self-morphisms of semi-abelian varieties.
We study the arithmetic of certain del Pezzo surfaces of degree 2. We produce examples of Brauer-Manin obstruction to the Hasse principle, coming from 2- and 4-torsion elements in the Brauer group.
The Kawaguchi-Silverman conjecture relates two different invariants of a surjective endomorphism, the dynamical and arithmetic degrees. As the Kawaguchi-Silverman conjecture is only meaningful when a morphism has a Zariski dense orbit, it has no content for varieties with positive Kodaira dimension. A generalization of the Kawaguchi-Silverman conjecture which is meaningful in positive Kodaira dimension is the so called sAND conjecture, which involves the set of "small" arithmetic degrees. Kawaguchi and Silverman showed that a small arithmetic degree is the modulus of an eigenvalue of $f^*\colo…
We establish, for a generically big Hermitian line bundle, the convergence of truncated Harder-Narasimhan polygons and the uniform continuity of the limit. As applications, we prove a conjecture of Moriwaki asserting that the arithmetic volume function is actually a limit instead of a sup-limit, and we show how to compute the asymptotic polygon of a Hermitian line bundle, by using the arithmetic volume function.
Let $X$ be a smooth projective variety over $ \overline{\mathbb Q}$, and $f:X -rightarrow X$ be a dominant rational map. Let $δ_{f}$ be the first dynamical degree of $f$ and $h_{X}:X( \overline{\mathbb Q})\to [1,\infty)$ be a Weil height function on $X$ associated with an ample divisor on $X$. We prove several inequalities which give upper bounds of the sequence $(h_X (f^n(P)))_{n\geq0}$ where $P$ is a point of $X( \overline{\mathbb Q})$ whose forward orbit by $f$ is well-defined. As a corollary, we prove that the upper arithmetic degree is less than or equal to the first dynamical degree; $ \…
Let V be a rational quadratic space of signature (m,2). A conjecture of Kudla relates the arithmetic degrees of top degree special cycles on an integral model of a Shimura variety associated with SO(V) to the coefficients of the central derivative of an incoherent Siegel Eisenstein series of genus m+1. We prove this conjecture for the coefficients of non-singular index T when T is not positive definite. We also prove it when T is positive definite and the corresponding special cycle has dimension 0. To obtain these results, we establish new local arithmetic Siegel-Weil formulas at the archimed…
The aim of this paper is to start a systematic investigation of the arithmetic degree of projective schemes as introduced by D. Bayer and D. Mumford. One main theme concerns itself with the behaviour of this arithmetic degree under hypersurface sections. The notion of arithmetic degree involves the new concept of length-multiplicity of embedded primary ideals. Therefore it is much harder to control the arithmetic degree under a hypersurface section than in the case for the classical degree theory. Nevertheless it has important and interesting applications. We describe such applications to the …
Let $f \colon X \dashrightarrow X$ be a dominant rational self-map of a smooth projective variety defined over $\overline{\mathbb Q}$. For each point $P\in X(\overline{\mathbb Q})$ whose forward $f$-orbit is well-defined, Silverman introduced the arithmetic degree $α_f(P)$, which measures the growth rate of the heights of the points $f^n(P)$. Kawaguchi and Silverman conjectured that $α_f(P)$ is well-defined and that, as $P$ varies, the set of values obtained by $α_f(P)$ is finite. Based on constructions of Bedford--Kim and McMullen, we give a counterexample to this conjecture when $X=\mathbb P…
We prove that the arithmetic degree of a graded or local ring is bounded above by the arithmetic degree of any of its associated graded rings with respect to ideals $I$ in $A$. In particular, if $Spec (A)$ is equidimensional and has an embedded component in dimension $i$, then the normal cone of $Spec (A)$ along $V(I)$ has an embedded component in dimension $i$ too.
We study algebraic points of bounded degree on polarized projective varieties. To do so, we refine further the filtration construction and Subspace Theorem approach, for the study of integral points, which has origins in the work of Corvaja-Zannier, Levin, Evertse and Autissier. Our main result shows how a conjecture of H.~P.~Schlickewei implies Second Main Arithmetic Schmidt's Subspace type inequalities for polarized projective varieties and points of bounded degree.
Let $\mathbb{P}$ denote the weighted projective space with weights $(1,1,1,3)$ over the rationals, with coordinates $x,y,z,$ and $w$; let $\mathcal{X}$ be the generic element of the family of surfaces in $\mathbb{P}$ given by \begin{equation*} X\colon w^2=x^6+y^6+z^6+tx^2y^2z^2. \end{equation*} The surface $\mathcal{X}$ is a K3 surface over the function field $\mathbb{Q}(t)$. In this paper, we explicitly compute the geometric Picard lattice of $\mathcal{X}$, together with its Galois module structure, as well as derive more results on the arithmetic of $\mathcal{X}$ and other elements of the fa…
We extend the results of the first author on nontrivial elements in the Shafarevich-Tate group of the jacobian of a quotient of a Fermat curve of prime degree, and use the methods of the second author to derive a result bounding the quadratic points on the Fermat curve of degree 19.
A variety is rationally connected if two general points can be joined by a rational curve. A higher version of this notion is rational simple connectedness, which requires suitable spaces of rational curves through two points to be rationally connected themselves. We prove that smooth, complex, weighted complete intersections of low enough degree are rationally simply connected. This result has strong arithmetic implications for weighted complete intersections defined over the function field of a smooth, complex curve. Namely, it implies that these varieties satisfy weak approximation at all p…
Given a line bundle L on a smooth projective curve over the complex numbers, we show that a general extension E of L by the trivial line bundle is very stable: line bundles contained in E have degree much less than half the degree of E. From this result we deduce new inequalities for the successive minima of the euclidean lattice H^1(X,L^{-1}), where L is an hermitian line bundle on the arithmetic surface X.
We present sharp estimates for the degree and the height of the polynomials in the Nullstellensatz over $\Z$. The result improves previous work of Philippon, Berenstein-Yger and Krick-Pardo. We also present degree and height estimates of intrinsic type, which depend mainly on the degree and the height of the input polynomial system. As an application, we derive an effective arithmetic Nullstellensatz for sparse polynomial systems. The proof of these results relies heavily on the notion of local height of an affine variety defined over a number field. We introduce this notion and study its basi…
These are the notes of my lectures at the 1996 European Congress of Mathematicians. {} Polynomials appear in mathematics frequently, and we all know from experience that low degree polynomials are easier to deal with than high degree ones. It is, however, not clear that there is a well defined class of "low degree" polynomials. For many questions, polynomials behave well if their degree is low enough, but the precise bound on the degree depends on the concrete problem. {} It turns out that there is a collection of basic questions in arithmetic, algebraic geometry and topology all of which give…
We study the arithmetic properties of projective varieties of almost minimal degree, that is of non-degenerate irreducible projective varieties whose degree exceeds the codimension by precisely 2. We notably show, that such a variety $X \subset {\mathbb P}^r$ is either arithmetically normal (and arithmetically Gorenstein) or a projection of a variety of minimal degree $\tilde {X} \subset {\mathbb P}^{r + 1}$ from an appropriate point $p \in {\mathbb P}^{r + 1} \setminus \tilde {X}$. We focus on the latter situation and study $X$ by means of the projection $\tilde {X} \to X$. If $X$ is not arit…
In this paper, we discuss some necessary and sufficient condition for a curve to be arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay, in terms of its general hyperplane section. We obtain a characterization of the degree matrices that can occur for points in the plane that are the general hyperplane section of a non arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay curve of P^3. We prove that almost all the degree matrices with positive subdiagonal that occur for the general plane section of a non arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay curve of P^3, arise also as degree matrices of the general plane section of some smooth, integral, non ari…
For a prime $p$, we study subgroups of order p of the Brauer group Br(S) of a general complex polarized K3 surface of degree 2d, generalizing earlier work of van Geemen. These groups correspond to sublattices of index p of the transcendental lattice T_S of S; we classify these lattices up to isomorphism using Nikulin's discriminant form technique. We then study geometric realizations of p-torsion Brauer elements as Brauer-Severi varieties in a few cases via projective duality. We use one of these constructions for an arithmetic application, giving new kinds of counter-examples to weak approxim…
Recently it has been proved that any arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay (ACM) bundle of rank two on a general, smooth hypersurface of degree at least three and dimension at least four is a sum of line bundles. When the dimension of the hypersurface is three, a similar result is true provided the degree of the hypersurface is at least six. We extend these results to complete intersection subvarieties by proving that any ACM bundle of rank two on a general, smooth complete intersection subvariety of sufficiently high multi-degree and dimension at least four splits. We also obtain partial results in t…
Let K be an arithmetic function field, that is, a field of finite type over the rational number field. In this note, as an application of the height theory due to Chen-Moriwaki, we would like to show that the solutions of Fermat's curve X^N + y^N = 1 of degree N over K consist of only either 0 or roots of unity for almost positive integers N. More precisely, the density of such N is 1.
For line bundles on arithmetic varieties we construct height functions using arithmetic intersection theory. In the case of an arithmetic surface, generically of genus g, for line bundles of degree g equivalence is shown to the height on the Jacobian defined by the Theta divisor.
We give a new construction of higher arithmetic Chow groups for quasi-projective arithmetic varieties over a field. Our definition agrees with the higher arithmetic Chow groups defined by Goncharov for projective arithmetic varieties over a field. These groups are the analogue, in the Arakelov context, of the higher algebraic Chow groups defined by Bloch. The degree zero group agrees with the arithmetic Chow groups of Burgos. Our new construction is shown to be a contravariant functor and is endowed with a product structure, which is commutative and associative.
The transition constant was introduced in our 1981 paper and denoted as N(14). It is equal to the maximal degree of the ground fields of V-arithmetic connected edge graphs with 4 vertices and of the minimality 14. This constant is fundamental since if the degree of the ground field of an arithmetic hyperbolic reflection group is greater than N(14), then the field comes from very special plane reflection groups. In our recent paper (see also arXiv:0708.3991), we claimed its upper bound 56. Using similar but more difficult considerations, here we improve this bound. These results could be import…
Using authors's methods of 1980, 1981, some explicit finite sets of number fields containing ground fields of arithmetic hyperbolic reflection groups are defined, and good bounds of their degrees (over Q) are obtained. For example, degree of the ground field of any arithmetic hyperbolic reflection group in dimension at least 6 is bounded by 56. These results could be important for further classification. We also formulate a mirror symmetric conjecture to finiteness of the number of arithmetic hyperbolic reflection groups which was established in full generality recently.
The aim of the present exposition is to investigate varieties of almost minimal degree and of low codimension, in particular their Betti diagrams. Here minimal degree is defined as $°X = \codim X + 2.$ We describe the structure of the minimal free resolution of a variety $X$ of almost minimal degree of $\codim X \leq 4$ by listing the possible Betti diagrams. The most surprising fact is, that the non-arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay case of varieties of almost minimal degree can occur only in small dimensions (cf. Section 2 for the precise statements). Our main technical tool is a result shown by…
We show that special cycles generate a large part of the cohomology of locally symmetric spaces associated to orthogonal groups. We prove in particular that classes of totally geodesic submanifolds generate the cohomology groups of degree $n$ of compact congruence $p$-dimensional hyperbolic manifolds "of simple type" as long as $n$ is strictly smaller than $\frac{p}{3}$. We also prove that for connected Shimura varieties associated to $\OO (p,2)$ the Hodge conjecture is true for classes of degree $< \frac{p+1}{3}$. The proof of our general theorem makes use of the recent endoscopic classificat…
Let $R=k[x_1,...,x_n]$ be the polynomial ring in $n$ variables over a field $k$ and $I$ be a matroidal ideal of degree $d$. In this paper, we study the unmixedness properties and the arithmetical rank of $I$. Moreover, we show that $ara(I)=n-d+1$. This answer to the conjecture that made by H. J. Chiang-Hsieh \cite[Conjecture]{C}.
The goal of this paper is to explicitly detect all the arithmetic genera of arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay projective curves with a given degree $d$. It is well-known that the arithmetic genus $g$ of a curve $C$ can be easily deduced from the $h$-vector of the curve; in the case where $C$ is arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay of degree $d$, $g$ must belong to the range of integers $\big\{0,\ldots,\binom{d-1}{2}\big\}$. We develop an algorithmic procedure that allows one to avoid constructing most of the possible $h$-vectors of $C$. The essential tools are a combinatorial description of the finite O-…
