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arXiv 2002.08965astro-ph.GA
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用X射线光度函数编码的z $\sim$ 3以来星系中AGN占空比的演变

The evolving AGN duty cycle in galaxies since z$\sim$3 as encoded in the X-ray luminosity function

I. Delvecchio, E. Daddi, J. Aird, J. R. Mullaney, E. Bernhard, L. P. Grimmett, R. Carraro, A. Cimatti, G. Zamorani, N. Caplar, F. Vito, D. Elbaz, G. Rodighiero

摘要:

提出了一个新的活动星系核(AGN)X射线光度函数(XLF)的模型,分析了主序星(MS)和星暴(SB)星系的贡献。对于每个星系人口,我们卷积观测到的星系恒星质量(M $_{\star}$)的功能与网格的M $_{\star}$ -独立的爱丁顿比($λ_{\rm EDD}$)的分布,规范化通过经验黑洞吸积率(BHAR),恒星形成率(SFR)的关系。我们简单的方法与自z $\sim$ 3以来观察到的XLF非常一致。我们发现,所观察到的XLF的红移演化只能通过一个内在的平坦化的$λ_{\rm EDD}$分布,并与一个积极的转变,打破$λ^{*}$,符合反层次的行为。活动星系核的吸积历史主要是由大质量的(10 $^{10}<$ M $_{\star}<$ 10 $^{11}$ M $_{\odot}$)MS星系构成的,而可能与星系合并有关的SB驱动的BH吸积只在明亮的类星体中占主导地位,在$\log$(L $_{\rm X}$ /erg s $^{-1}$)$>$ 44.36 + 1.28 $\cdot$(1+z)。我们推断,发现高度吸积($λ_{\rm EDD}>$ 10%)活动星系核的概率随红移的增加而显著增加,从z=0.5时的0.4%(3.0%)增加到z=3时的6.5%(15.3%),这意味着早期宇宙中活动星系核的占空比较长。我们的结果强烈支持BHAR和SFR之间的M $_{\star}$依赖性比率,如BHAR/SFR $\propto$ M $_{\star}^{0.73[+0.22,-0.29]}$,支持相对于宿主的非线性BH积累。最后,这个框架打开了潜在的问题上的超级爱丁顿BH吸积和不同的$λ_{\rm EDD}$处方理解宇宙BH质量大会。

英文摘要:

We present a new modeling of the X-ray luminosity function (XLF) of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) out to z$\sim$3, dissecting the contribution of main-sequence (MS) and starburst (SB) galaxies. For each galaxy population, we convolved the observed galaxy stellar mass (M$_{\star}$) function with a grid of M$_{\star}$-independent Eddington ratio ($λ_{\rm EDD}$) distributions, normalised via empirical black hole accretion rate (BHAR) to star formation rate (SFR) relations. Our simple approach yields an excellent agreement with the observed XLF since z$\sim$3. We find that the redshift evolution of the observed XLF can only be reproduced through an intrinsic flattening of the $λ_{\rm EDD}$ distribution, and with a positive shift of the break $λ^{*}$, consistent with an anti-hierarchical behavior. The AGN accretion history is predominantly made by massive (10$^{10}<$M$_{\star}<$10$^{11}$ M$_{\odot}$) MS galaxies, while SB-driven BH accretion, possibly associated with galaxy mergers, becomes dominant only in bright quasars, at $\log$(L$_{\rm X}$/erg s$^{-1}$)$>$44.36 + 1.28$\cdot$(1+z). We infer that the probability of finding highly-accreting ($λ_{\rm EDD}>$ 10%) AGN significantly increases with redshift, from 0.4% (3.0%) at z=0.5 to 6.5% (15.3%) at z=3 for MS (SB) galaxies, implying a longer AGN duty cycle in the early Universe. Our results strongly favor a M$_{\star}$-dependent ratio between BHAR and SFR, as BHAR/SFR $\propto$ M$_{\star}^{0.73[+0.22,-0.29]}$, supporting a non-linear BH buildup relative to the host. Finally, this framework opens potential questions on super-Eddington BH accretion and different $λ_{\rm EDD}$ prescriptions for understanding the cosmic BH mass assembly.

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