遥远类星体的X射线风：第一个高红移风占空比
X-raying winds in distant quasars: the first high-redshift wind duty cycle
摘要：
来自活动星系核（AGN）的风驱动反馈的理论模型通常将超快外流（UFO）确定为产生星系大小外流的主要原因，可能是建立所谓的活动星系核-星系共同进化的主要演员。不明飞行物在局部活动星系核中有很好的特征，但在SF和活动星系核活动达到峰值的宇宙时间（$z\simeq1-3$），对类星体的了解要少得多。因此，在高$z$源中寻找UFO存在的证据是检验风驱动活动星系核反馈模型的必要条件。在这里，我们提出了一个研究Q2237+030，爱因斯坦十字，四倍成像的射电安静透镜类星体位于$z=1.695$。我们对所有可用的Chandra和XMM-Newton数据（截至2019年9月）进行了系统和全面的时间和空间分辨X射线光谱分析。我们发现明确的证据，光谱的变化，可能是由于吸收柱密度（或覆盖分数）的变化固有的源。我们在这个类星体中首次探测到$v_{\rm out}\simeq0.1c$流出的快速X射线风，其强度足以（$\dot{E}_{\rm kin}\simeq0.1 L_{\rm bol}$）显著影响宿主星系的演化。我们还报告了可能存在的一个更快的组成部分的风（$v_{\rm out}\sim0.5c$）。考虑到大样本和长时间间隔的X射线数据分析，我们能够粗略估计，第一次在一个高$z$类星体，风占空比为$\approx0.46\,(0.31)$在$90\%\,(95\%)$的置信水平。最后，我们还确认存在的Fe K $α$发射线与可变能量，我们讨论的微透镜效应，以及考虑我们的研究结果的来源。
英文摘要：
Theoretical models of wind-driven feedback from Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) often identify Ultra-fast outflows (UFOs) as being the main cause for generating galaxy-size outflows, possibly the main actors in establishing the so-called AGN-galaxy co-evolution. UFOs are well characterized in local AGN but much less is known in quasars at the cosmic time when SF and AGN activity peaked ($z\simeq1-3$). It is therefore mandatory to search for evidences of UFOs in high-$z$ sources to test the wind-driven AGN feedback models. Here we present a study of Q2237+030, the Einstein Cross, a quadruply-imaged radio-quiet lensed quasar located at $z=1.695$. We performed a systematic and comprehensive temporally and spatially resolved X-ray spectral analysis of all the available Chandra and XMM-Newton data (as of September 2019). We find clear evidence for spectral variability, possibly due to absorption column density (or covering fraction) variability intrinsic to the source. We detect, for the first time in this quasar, a fast X-ray wind outflowing at $v_{\rm out}\simeq0.1c$ that would be powerful enough ($\dot{E}_{\rm kin}\simeq0.1 L_{\rm bol}$) to significantly affect the host galaxy evolution. We report also on the possible presence of an even faster component of the wind ($v_{\rm out}\sim0.5c$). Given the large sample and long time interval spanned by the analyzed X-ray data, we are able to roughly estimate, for the first time in a high-$z$ quasar, the wind duty cycle as $\approx0.46\,(0.31)$ at $90\%\,(95\%)$ confidence level. Finally, we also confirm the presence of a Fe K$α$ emission line with variable energy, which we discuss in the light of microlensing effects as well as considering our findings on the source.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
