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arXiv 2104.08294astro-ph.HEastro-ph.GA
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用LOFAR数据约束冷堆芯群MS 0735.6+7421中的AGN占空比

Constraining the AGN duty cycle in the cool-core cluster MS 0735.6+7421 with LOFAR data

Nadia Biava, Marisa Brienza, Annalisa Bonafede, Myriam Gitti, Etienne Bonnassieux, Jeremy Harwood, Alastair C. Edge, Christopher J. Riseley, Adrian Vantyghem

摘要:

MS 0735.6+7421是一个星系团,它拥有一个光谱非常陡峭的中央射电星系,由已知最强大的喷射活动星系核(AGN)之一产生。射电等离子体以接近光速的速度从活动星系核中心喷出,取代了星系团内的介质,留下了两对在X射线中可观察到的空洞,与两个不同的爆发有关,并将能量分配给周围的介质。在这项工作中,我们第一次进行了详细的,高分辨率的频谱研究的来源在射频和调查其占空比与以前的X射线估计进行比较。我们已经使用了新的观测在144兆赫产生的低频阵列(LOFAR)与档案数据在更高的频率。在LOFAR频率下,源呈现出两个大的外射电瓣,比在更高的频率下更宽,以及一个位于核心西南部的较小的中间瓣。对X射线数据的新检查使我们能够确定与该叶相关的中间空腔,表明存在进一步的喷流活动阶段。即使在LOFAR频率下,射电瓣也具有陡峭的频谱,在外瓣中达到$α_{144}^{610}=2.9$,在中间瓣中达到$α_{144}^{610}=2.1$。拟合波瓣光谱使用一个单一的注入模型的粒子老化,我们得出了总年龄的源之间的170和106百万年,与来自X射线数据的浮力和声交叉的时间尺度。然后我们重建了源的占空比。喷流活动有三个阶段,活动星系核在大部分时间都是活跃的,只有短暂的静止阶段,确保了中心气体的重复加热。最后,能量估计显示,必须存在额外的压力支持源,以维持气泡对抗外部介质的压力。

英文摘要:

MS 0735.6+7421 is a galaxy cluster which hosts a central radio galaxy with a very steep spectrum, produced by one of the most powerful known jetted active galactic nuclei (AGN). The radio plasma, ejected at nearly light speed from the central AGN, have displaced the intra-cluster medium, leaving two pairs of cavities observable in the X-ray, associated to two different outbursts, and have distributed energy to the surrounding medium. In this work we have performed for the first time a detailed, high-resolution spectral study of the source at radio frequencies and investigated its duty cycle to be compared with previous X-ray estimates. We have used new observations at 144 MHz produced with the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) together with archival data at higher frequencies. At LOFAR frequency, the source presents two large outer radio lobes, wider than at higher frequencies, and a smaller Intermediate lobe located south-west of the core. A new inspection of X-ray data, allowed us to identify an intermediate cavity, associated with that lobe, indicating the presence of a further phase of jet activity. The radio lobes have a steep spectrum even at LOFAR frequencies, reaching $α_{144}^{610}=2.9$ in the outer lobes and $α_{144}^{610}=2.1$ in the Intermediate lobe. Fitting the lobe spectra using a single injection model of particle ageing, we derived a total age of the source between 170 and 106 Myr, in agreement with the buoyancy and sound crossing time-scales derived from X-ray data. We then reconstructed the duty cycle of the source. There were three phases of jet activity, with the AGN being active for most of the time with only brief quiescent phases, ensuring the repeated heating of the central gas. Finally, energetic estimates revealed that a source of additional pressure support must be present to sustain the bubbles against the pressure of the external medium.

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