We compute equations for Coughlan's family of Godeaux surfaces with torsion $\mathbb Z/2$, which we call $\mathbb Z/2$-Godeaux surfaces, and we show that it is (at most) 7 dimensional. We classify non-rational KSBA degenerations $W$ of $\mathbb Z/2$-Godeaux surfaces with one Wahl singularity, showing that $W$ is birational to particular either Enriques surfaces, or $D_{2,n}$ elliptic surfaces, with $n=3,4$ or $6$. We present examples for all possibilities in the first case, and for $n=3,4$ in the second.
A recent construction of Hacking relates the classification of stable vector bundles on a surface of general type with $p_g = 0$ and the boundary of the moduli space of deformations of the surface. In the present paper we analyze this relation for Godeaux surfaces. We provide a description of certain boundary components of the moduli space of Godeaux surfaces. Also we explicitly construct certain exceptional vector bundles of rank 2 on Godeaux surfaces, stable with respect to the canonical class, and examine the correspondence between the boundary components and such exceptional vector bundles…
We give an explicit description of the Godeaux surfaces that admit an involution such that the quotient surface is birational to an Enriques surface; these surfaces give a 6-dimensional unirational irreducible subset of the moduli space of surfaces of general type. In addition, we describe the Enriques surfaces that are birational to the quotient of a Godeaux surface by an involution and we show that they give a 5-dimensional unirational irreducible subset of the moduli space of Enriques surfaces. Finally, by degenerating our description we obtain some examples of non-normal stable Godeaux sur…
We prove that Godeaux--Reid surfaces with torsion group Z/3 have topological fundamental group Z/3. For this purpose, we describe degenerations to stable KSBA surfaces with one 1/4(1,1) singularity, whose minimal resolution are elliptic fibrations with two multiplicity 3 fibres and one I_4 singular fibre. We study special such degenerations which have an involution, describing the corresponding Campedelli double plane construction. We also find some stable rational degenerations, some of which have more singularities, and one of which has a single 1/9(1,2) singularity, the minimal possible ind…
Let $X$ be a Godeaux surface over $\mathbb{C}$ and $q_{X}\colon Y\to X$ be its universal cover. We show that the pullback map $q^{*}_{X}\colon Br(X)\to Br(Y)$ is injective if $ρ(Y)=9$. Our arguments rely on a degeneration technique that also applies to other examples.
Minimal algebraic surfaces of general type with the smallest possible invariants have geometric genus zero and K^2=1 and are usually called "numerical Godeaux surfaces". Although they have been studied by several authors, their complete classification is not known. In this paper we classify numerical Godeaux surfaces with an involution, i.e. with an automorphism of order 2. We prove that they are birationally equivalent either to double covers of Enriques surfaces, or to double planes of two different types: the branch curve either has degree 10 and suitable singularities, originally suggested…
In this paper we study marked numerical Godeaux surfaces with special bicanonical fibers. Based on our construction method of marked Godeaux surfaces we give a complete characterization for the existence of hyperelliptic bicanonical fibers and torsion fibers. Moreover, we describe how the families of Reid and Miyaoka with torsion $\mathbb{Z}/3\mathbb{Z}$ and $\mathbb{Z}/5\mathbb{Z}$ arise in our homological setting.
We investigate the problem of existence of degenerations of surfaces in $\mathbb P^3$ with ordinary singularities into plane arrangements in general position.
We consider a surface that admits a $\mathbb{Q}$-Gorenstein degeneration to a cyclic quotient singularity $\frac{1}{dn^2}(1,dna-1)$. Under several technical assumptions, we construct $d$ exceptional vector bundles of rank $n$ which are orthogonal to each other.
We simplify Ciliberto's and Miranda's method(arXiv:0812.0032) to construct degenerations of $\mathbb{CP}^2$ blown up in several points yielding lower bounds of the corresponding multi-point Seshadri constants. In particular we exploit an asymptotic result of the author (arXiv:math/0508561) which allows to check the non-specialty of much fewer linear systems on $\mathbb{CP}^2$. We obtain the lower bound 117/370 for the 10-point Seshadri constant on $\mathbb{CP}^2$.
In this paper we mainly describe $\mathbb{Q}$-Gorenstein smoothings of projective surfaces with only Wahl singularities which have birational fibers. For instance, these degenerations appear in normal degenerations of the projective plane, and in boundary divisors of the KSBA compactification of the moduli space of surfaces of general type [KSB88]. We give an explicit description of them as smooth deformations plus 3-fold birational operations, through the flips and divisorial contractions in [HTU13]. We interpret the continuous part (smooth deformations) as degenerations of certain curves in …
We construct closed immersions from initial degenerations of the spinor variety $\mathbb{S}_n$ to inverse limits of strata associated to even $Δ$-matroids. As an application, we prove that these initial degenerations are smooth and irreducible for $n\leq 5$ and identify the log canonical model of the Chow quotient of $\mathbb{S}_5$ by the action of the diagonal torus of $\operatorname{GL}(5)$.
In this survey I summarize the constructions of toric degenerations obtained from valuations and Gröbner theory and describe in which sense they are equivalent. I show how adapted bases can be used to generalize the classical Newton polytope to what is called a $\mathbb B$-Newton polytope. The $\mathbb B$-Newton polytope determines the Newton--Okounkov polytopes of all Khovanskii-finite valuations sharing the adapted standard monomial basis $\mathbb B$.
Over a family $\mathbb X$ of genus $g$ complete curves, which gives the degeneration of a smooth curve into one with nodal singularities, we build a moduli space which is the moduli space of ${\rm SL}(n, \mathbb C)$ bundles over the generic smooth curve $X_t$ in the family, and is a moduli space of bundles equipped with extra structure at the nodes for the nodal curves in the family. This moduli space is a quotient by $(\mathbb C^*)^s$ of a moduli space on the desingularisation. Taking a "maximal" degeneration of the curve into a nodal curve built from the glueing of three-pointed spheres, we …
We introduce a variety $\hat{G}_2$ parameterizing isotropic five-spaces of a general degenerate four-form in a seven dimensional vector space. It is in a natural way a degeneration of the variety $G_2$, the adjoint variety of the simple Lie group $\mathbb{G}_2$. It occurs that it is also the image of $\mathbb{P}^5$ by a system of quadrics containing a twisted cubic. Degenerations of this twisted cubic to three lines give rise to degenerations of $G_2$ which are toric Gorenstein Fano fivefolds. We use these two degenerations to construct geometric transitions between Calabi--Yau threefolds. We …
The Hartshorne--Hirschowitz theorem says that a generic union of lines in $\mathbb{P}^n$, $(n\geq 3)$, has good postulation. The proof of Hartshorne and Hirschowitz in the initial case $\mathbb{P}^3$ is difficult and so long, which is handled by a method of specialization via a smooth quadric surface with the property of having two rulings of skew lines. We provide a proof in the case $\mathbb{P}^3$ based on a new degeneration of disjoint lines via a plane $H\cong\mathbb{P}^2$, which we call $(2,s)$-cone configuration, that is a schematic union of $s$ intersecting lines passing through a singl…
In this note, we describe the possible singularities on a stable surface which is in the boundary of the moduli space of surfaces isogenous to a product. Then we use the $\mathbb Q$-Gorenstein deformation theory to get some connected components of the moduli space of stable surfaces.
We study the $E_1$-degeneration of the logarithmic Hodge to de Rham spectral sequence of the special fiber of a semistable family over a discrete valuation ring. On the one hand, we prove that the $E_1$-degeneration property is invariant under admissible blow-ups. Assuming functorial resolution of singularities over $\mathbb{Z}$, this implies that the $E_1$-degeneration property depends only on the generic fiber. On the other hand, we show by explicit examples that the decomposability of the logarithmic de Rham complex is not invariant under admissible blow-ups, which answer negatively an open…
Dolgachev surfaces are simply connected minimal elliptic surfaces with $p_g=q=0$ and of Kodaira dimension 1. These surfaces were constructed by logarithmic transformations of rational elliptic surfaces. In this paper, we explain the construction of Dolgachev surfaces via $\mathbb Q$-Gorenstein smoothing of singular rational surfaces with two cyclic quotient singularities. This construction is based on the paper by Lee-Park. Also, some exceptional bundles on Dolgachev surfaces associated with $\mathbb Q$-Gorenstein smoothing are constructed based on the idea of Hacking. In the case if Dolgachev…
A Jordan net (resp. web) is an embedding of a unital Jordan algebra of dimension $3$ (resp. $4$) into the space $\mathbb{S}^n$ of symmetric $n\times n$ matrices. We study the geometries of Jordan nets and webs: we classify the congruence-orbits of Jordan nets (resp. webs) in $\mathbb{S}^n$ for $n\leq 7$ (resp. $n\leq 5$), we find degenerations between these orbits and list obstructions to the existence of such degenerations. For Jordan nets in $\mathbb{S}^n$ for $n\leq5$, these obstructions show that our list of degenerations is complete. For $n=6$, the existence of one degeneration is still u…
Surfaces of general type with geometric genus $p_g=0$, which can be given as Galois covering of the projective plane branched over an arrangement of lines with Galois group $G=(\mathbb Z/q\mathbb Z)^k$, where $k\geq 2$ and $q$ is a prime number, are investigated. The classical Godeaux surface, Campedelli surfaces, Burniat surfaces, and a new surface $X$ with $K_X^2=6$ and $(\mathbb Z/3\mathbb Z)^3\subset {Tors} (X)$ can be obtained as such coverings. It is proved that the group of automorphisms of a generic surface of the Campedelli type is isomorphic to $(\mathbb Z/2\mathbb Z)^3$. The irreduc…
We describe here a degeneration of the symplectic desingularization of the moduli spaces of topologically trivial $GL(2,\mathbb{C})$ and $SL(2,\mathbb{C})$-Higgs bundles over a hyperelliptic curve, into O'Grady's ten and six dimensional exceptional examples of irreducible holomorphic symplectic manifolds. Most of this note is a survey of work on these degenerations by Donagi-Ein-Lazarsfeld, de Cataldo-Maulik-Shen and Felissetti-Mauri, although in certain cases we provide details that were missing the previous articles.
We will use toric degenerations of the projective plane ${\mathbb{P}^ 2}$ to give a new proof of the triple points interpolation problems in the projective plane. We also give a complete list of toric surfaces that are useful as components in this degeneration.
We prove that for any $\mathbb{Q}$-Fano variety $X$, the special $\mathbb{R}$-test configuration that minimizes the $H$-functional is unique and has a K-semistable $\mathbb{Q}$-Fano central fibre $(W, ξ)$. Moreover there is a unique K-polystable degeneration of $(W, ξ)$. As an application, we confirm the conjecture of Chen-Sun-Wang about the algebraic-uniqueness for Kähler-Ricci flow limits on Fano manifolds, which implies that the Gromov-Hausdorff limit of the flow does not depend on the choice of initial Kähler metrics. The results are achieved by studying algebraic optimal degeneration prob…
We compute presentations for a family of semigroup algebras related to the problem of decomposing $sl_3(\mathbb{C})$ tensor products. Along the way we find new toric degenerations of the Grassmannian variety $Gr_3(\mathbb{C}^n)$ which $T-$invariant for $T \subset GL_n(\mathbb{C})$ the diagonal torus.
We study a toric degeneration of the Cox ring of the moduli of principal $SL_m(\mathbb{C})$ bundles on the projective line, with quasi parabolic data given by the the stabilizer of the highest weight vector in $\mathbb{C}^m$ and its dual $\bigwedge^{m-1}(\mathbb{C}^m)$. The affine semigroup algebra resulting from this degeneration is described using the $K-$Pieri rule from Kac-Moody representation theory. Along the way we give a proof of the $K-$Pieri rule which utilizes the classical Pieri rule and elements of commutative algebra, and we describe a relationship between the Cox ring and a clas…
A net is a special configuration of lines and points in the projective plane. There are certain restrictions on the number of its lines and points. We proved that there cannot be any (4,4) nets in $\mathbb{C}P^2$. In order to show this, we use tropical algebraic geometry. We tropicalize the hypothetical net and show that there cannot be such a configuration in $\mathbb{C}P^2$.
Let $\Fl_λ$ be a generalized flag variety of a simple Lie group $G$ embedded into the projectivization of an irreducible $G$-module $V_λ$. We define a flat degeneration $\Fl_λ^a$, which is a ${\mathbb G}^M_a$ variety. Moreover, there exists a larger group $G^a$ acting on $\Fl_λ^a$, which is a degeneration of the group $G$. The group $G^a$ contains ${\mathbb G}^M_a$ as a normal subgroup. If $G$ is of type $A$, then the degenerate flag varieties can be embedded into the product of Grassmanians and thus to the product of projective spaces. The defining ideal of $\Fl^a_λ$ is generated by the set o…
A congruence is a surface in the Grassmannian ${\rm Gr}(2, 4)$. In this paper, we consider the normalization of congruence of bitangents to a hypersurface in $\mathbb P^3$. We call it the Fano congruence of bitangents. We give a criterion for smoothness of the Fano congruence of bitangents and describe explicitly their degenerations in a general Lefschetz pencil in the space of hypersurfaces in $\mathbb P^3$.
We explicitly describe the KSBA/Hacking compactification of a moduli space of log surfaces of Picard rank 2. The space parametrizes log pairs $(S, D)$ where $S$ is a degeneration of $\mathbb{P}^1 \times \mathbb{P}^1$ and $D \subset S$ is a degeneration of a curve of class $(3,3)$. We prove that the compactified moduli space is a smooth Deligne--Mumford stack with 4 boundary components. We relate it to the moduli space of genus 4 curves; we show that it compactifies the blow-up of the hyperelliptic locus. We also relate it to a compactification of the Hurwitz space of triple coverings of $\math…
Let $X$ be an $n$-dimensional smooth complex projective variety embedded in $\mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}^{N}$. We construct a smooth family $\mathcal{X}$ over $\mathbb{C}$ with an embedding in $\mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}^{N} \times \mathbb{C}$ whose generic fiber is $X$ and the special fiber is the torus $(\mathbb{C}^*)^n$ sitting in $\mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}^{N}$ via a monomial embedding. We use this to show that if $ω$ is an integral Kähler form on $X$ then for any $ε> 0$ there is an open subset $U_ε\subset X$ such that $vol(X \setminus U_ε) < ε$ and $U_ε$ is symplectomorphic to $(\mathbb{C}^*)^n$ equipped w…
We present a new approach to construct $T$-equivariant flat toric degenerations of flag varieties and spherical varieties, combining ideas coming from the theory of Newton-Okounkov bodies with ideas originally stemming from PBW-filtrations. For each pair $(S,>)$ consisting of a birational sequence and a monomial order, we attach to the affine variety $G/\hskip -3.5pt/U$ a monoid $Γ=Γ(S,>)$. As a side effect we get a vector space basis $\mathbb B_Γ$ of $\mathbb C[G/\hskip -3.5pt/U]$, the elements being indexed by $Γ$. The basis $\mathbb B_Γ$ has multiplicative properties very similar to those o…
We prove that the open subvariety $\operatorname{Gr}_0(3,8)$ of the Grassmannian $\operatorname{Gr}(3,8)$ determined by the nonvanishing of all Plücker coordinates is schön, i.e., all of its initial degenerations are smooth. Furthermore, we find an initial degeneration that has two connected components, and show that the remaining initial degenerations, up to symmetry, are irreducible. As an application, we prove that the Chow quotient of $\operatorname{Gr}(3,8)$ by the diagonal torus of $\operatorname{PGL}(8)$ is the log canonical compactification of the moduli space of $8$ lines in $\mathbb{…
We prove quadratic generation for the ideal of the Cox ring of the blow-up of $\mathbb{P}^3$ at $7$ points, solving a conjecture of Lesieutre and Park. To do this we compute Khovanskii bases, implementing techniques which proved successful in the case of Del Pezzo surfaces. Such bases give us degenerations to toric varieties whose associated polytopes encode toric degenerations with respect to all projective embeddings. We study the edge-graphs of these polytopes and we introduce the Mukai edge graph.
Let $V$ be the weighted projective variety defined by a weighted homogeneous ideal $J$ and $C$ a maximal cone in the Gröbner fan of $J$ with $m$ rays. We construct a flat family over $\mathbb A^m$ that assembles the Gröbner degenerations of $V$ associated with all faces of $C$. This is a multi-parameter generalization of the classical one-parameter Gröbner degeneration associated to a weight. We explain how our family can be constructed from Kaveh-Manon's recent work on the classification of toric flat families over toric varieties: it is the pull-back of a toric family defined by a Rees algeb…
The goal of this paper is to construct a compactification of the moduli space of degree $d \ge 5$ surfaces in $\mathbb{P}^3$, i.e. a parameter space whose interior points correspond to (equivalence classes of) smooth surfaces in $\mathbb{P}^3$ and whose boundary points correspond to degenerations of such surfaces. We study a more general problem and consider a divisor $D$ on a Fano variety $Z$ as a pair $(Z, D)$ satisfying certain properties. We find a modular compactification of such pairs and, in the case of $Z = \mathbb{P}^3$ and $D$ a surface, use their properties to classify the pairs on …
We study special linear systems of surfaces of $\mathbb{P}^3$ interpolating nine points in general position having a quadric as fixed component. By performing degenerations in the blown-up space, we interpret the quadric obstruction in terms of linear obstructions for a quasi-homogeneous class. By degeneration we also prove a Nagata type result for $\mathbb{P}^2$ that implies a base locus lemma for the quadric. As an application we establish Laface-Ugaglia Conjecture for linear systems with multiplicities bounded by 8 and for homogeneous linear systems with multiplicity m and degree up to 2m+1…
Let $R$ be a positively graded finitely generated $\textbf{k}$-domain with Krull dimension $d+1$. We show that there is a homogeneous valuation $\mathfrak{v}: R \setminus \{0\} \to \mathbb{Z}^d$ of rank $d$ such that the associated graded $\text{gr}_\mathfrak{v}(R)$ is finitely generated. This then implies that any polarized $d$-dimensional projective variety $X$ has a flat deformation over $\mathbb{A}^1$, with reduced and irreducible fibers, to a polarized projective complexity-one $T$-variety (i.e. a variety with a faithful action of a $(d-1)$-dimensional torus $T$). As an application we con…
We show that, after the change of variables $q=e^{iu}$, refined floor diagrams for $\mathbb{P}^2$ and Hirzebruch surfaces compute generating series of higher genus relative Gromov-Witten invariants with insertion of a lambda class. The proof uses an inductive application of the degeneration formula in relative Gromov-Witten theory and an explicit result in relative Gromov-Witten theory of $\mathbb{P}^1$. Combining this result with the similar looking refined tropical correspondence theorem for log Gromov-Witten invariants, we obtain some non-trivial relation between relative and log Gromov-Wit…
