Adinkra Foundation of Component Decomposition and the Scan for Superconformal Multiplets in 11D, N = 1 Superspace
S. James Gates,, Yangrui Hu, S. -N. Hazel Mak
备注：
65 pages, 3 figures, LaTeX twice, this version includes new comparison with type-IIB approach, linking formulae, 11D constraints-prepotential overlap, and expanded discussion of standard 11D, N = 1 scalar superfield
For the first time in the physics literature, the Lorentz representations of all 2,147,483,648 bosonic degrees of freedom and 2,147,483,648 fermionic degrees of freedom in an unconstrained eleven dimensional scalar superfield are presented. Comparisons of the conceptual bases for this advance in terms of component field, superfield, and adinkra arguments, respectively, are made. These highlight the computational efficiency of the adinkra-based approach over the others. It is noted at level sixteen in the 11D, N = 1 scalar superfield, the {65} representation of SO(1,10), the conformal graviton, is present. Thus, Adinkra-based arguments suggest the surprising possibility that the 11D, N = 1 scalar superfield alone might describe a Poincare supergravity prepotential in analogy to one of the off-shell versions of 4D, N = 1 superfield supergravity.
We demonstrate a method for describing one-dimensional N-extended supermultiplets and building supersymmetric actions in terms of unconstrained prepotential superfields, explicitly working with the Scalar supermultiplet. The method uses intuitive manipulations of Adinkras and GR(d,N) algebras, a variant of Clifford algebras. In the process we clarify the relationship between Adinkras, GR(d,N) algebras, and superspace.
Within the supertwistor approach, we analyse the superconformal structure of 4D N = 2 compactified harmonic/projective superspace. In the case of 5D superconformal symmetry, we derive the superconformal Killing vectors and related building blocks which emerge in the transformation laws of primary superfields. Various off-shell superconformal multiplets are presented both in 5D harmonic and projective superspaces, including the so-called tropical (vector) multiplet and polar (hyper)multiplet. Families of superconformal actions are described both in the 5D harmonic and projective superspace sett…
A geometrical construction of superconformal transformations in six dimensional (2,0) superspace is proposed. Superconformal Killing vectors are determined. It is shown that the transformation of the tensor multiplet involves a zero curvature non-trivial cochain.
We summarise recent work on superconformal field theories using analytic superspace. All operators of N=4 SYM can be given as unconstrained superfields on analytic superspace. We show how to write down operators as superfields on analytic superspace and how to completely solve the Ward indentities for their correlation functions. We discuss the non-renormalisation of certain operators, and of some of their correlation functions. We discuss the relationship between harmonic and analytic superspace. Finally we discuss applications of these techniques to superconformal field theory in 6 dimension…
Representations of four-dimensional superconformal groups on harmonic superfields are discussed. It is shown how various short representations can be obtained by parabolic induction. It is also shown that such short multiplets may admit several descriptions as superfields on different superspaces. In particular, this is the case for on-shell massless superfields. This allows a description of short representations as explicit products of fundamental fields. Superconformal transformations of analytic fields in real harmonic superspaces are given explicitly.
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Representations of four dimensional superconformal groups are constructed as fields on many different superspaces, including super Minkowski space, chiral superspace, harmonic superspace and analytic superspace. Any unitary irreducible representation can be given as a field on any one of these spaces if we include fields which transform under supergroups. In particular, on analytic superspaces, the fields are unconstrained. One can obtain all representations of the N=4 complex superconformal group $PSL(4|4)$ with integer dilation weight from copies of the Maxwell multiplet on $(4,2,2)$ analyti…
We study $3d$ SCFTs in the superspace formalism and discuss superfields and on-shell higher spin current multiplets in free $3d$ SCFTs with $\mathcal{N}= 1,2,3,4$ and $6$ superconformal symmetry. For $\mathcal{N}=1$ 3d SCFTs we determine the superconformal invariants in superspace needed for constructing 3-point functions of higher spin operators, find the non-linear relations between the invariants and consequently write down all the independent invariant structures, both parity even and odd, for various 3-point functions of higher spin operators.
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The superconformal structure of coset superspaces with AdS_m x S^n geometry of bosonic subspaces is studied. It is shown, in particular, that the conventional superspace extensions of the coset manifolds AdS_2 x S^2, AdS_3 x S^3 and AdS_5 x S^5, which arise as solutions of corresponding D=4,6, 10 supergravities and have been extensively studied in connection with AdS/CFT correspondence, are not superconformally flat, though their bosonic submanifolds are conformally flat. We give a group-theoretical reasoning for this fact. We find that in the AdS_2 x S^2 and AdS_3 x S^3 cases there exist diff…
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A unique feature of N=6 conformal supergravity in three dimensions is that the super Cotton tensor W^{IJKL} can equivalently be viewed, via the Hodge duality, as the field strength of an Abelian vector multiplet, W^{IJ}. Using this observation and the conformal superspace techniques developed in arXiv:1305.3132 and arXiv:1306.1205, we construct the off-shell action for N=6 conformal supergravity. The complete component action is also worked out.
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Recently the quantum hamiltonian reduction was done in the case of general $s\ell(2)$ embeddings into Lie algebras and superalgebras. In this paper we extend the results to the quantum hamiltonian reduction of $N=1$ affine Lie superalgebras in the superspace formalism. We show that if we choose a gauge for the supersymmetry, and consider only certain equivalence classes of fields, then our quantum hamiltonian reduction reduces to quantum hamiltonian reduction of non-supersymmetric Lie superalgebras. We construct explicitly the super energy-momentum tensor, as well as all generators of spin 1 (…
The main focus of this lecture is on extended objects in adS*S bosonic backgrounds with unbroken supersymmetry. The backgrounds are argued to be exact, special consideration are given to the non-maximal supersymmetry case. The near horizon superspace construction is explained. The superconformal symmetry appears in the worldvolume actions as the superisometry of the near horizon superspace, like the superPoincare symmetry of GS superstring and BST supermembrane in the flat superspace. The issues in gauge fixing of local kappa-symmetry are reviewed. We describe the features of the gauge-fixed I…
We consider the map of three-dimensional N=4 superfields to N=3 harmonic superspace. The left and right representations of the N=4 superconformal group are constructed on N=3 analytic superfields. These representations are convenient for the description of N=4 superconformal couplings of the Abelian gauge superfields with hypermultiplets. We analyze the N=4 invariance in the non-Abelian N=3 Yang-Mills theory.
We derive the superconformal transformation properties of the supercurrent for N=1 supersymmetric QED in four dimensions within the superfield formalism. Superconformal Ward identities for Green functions involving insertions of the supercurrent are conveniently derived by coupling the supercurrent to the appropriate prepotential of a classical curved superspace background, and by combining superdiffeomorphisms and super Weyl transformations. We determine all superconformal anomalies of SQED on curved superspace within an all-order perturbative approach and derive a local Callan-Symanzik equat…
We construct in detail an N=1, D=4 superspace with the superconformal algebra as the structure group and discuss its relation to prior component approaches and the existing Poincaré superspaces.
Starting from higher dimensional adinkras constructed with nodes referenced by Dynkin Labels, we define "adynkras." These suggest a computationally direct way to describe the component fields contained within supermultiplets in all superspaces. We explicitly discuss the cases of ten dimensional superspaces. We show this is possible by replacing conventional $θ$-expansions by expansions over Young Tableaux and component fields by Dynkin Labels. Without the need to introduce $σ$-matrices, this permits rapid passages from Adynkras $\to$ Young Tableaux $\to$ Component Field Index Structures for bo…
We clarify some properties of projective superspace by using a manifestly superconformal notation. In particular, we analyze the N=2 scalar multiplet in detail, including its action, and the propagator and its super-Schwinger parameters. The internal symmetry is taken to be noncompact (after Wick rotation), allowing boundary conditions that preserve it off shell. Generalization to N=4 suggests the coset superspace PSU(2,2|4)/OSp(4|4) for the AdS/CFT superstring.
The multiplets that occur in four dimensional rigidly supersymmetric theories can be described either by chiral superfields in Minkowski superspace or analytic superfields in harmonic superspace. The superconformal Ward identities for Green's functions of gauge invariant operators of these types are derived. It is shown that there are no chiral superconformal invariants. It is further shown that the Green's functions of analytic operators are severely restricted by the superconformal Ward when analyticity is taken into account.
We develop superspace techniques to construct general off-shell N=1,2,3,4 superconformal sigma-models in three space-time dimensions. The most general N=3 and N=4 superconformal sigma-models are constructed in terms of N=2 chiral superfields. Several superspace proofs of the folklore statement that N=3 supersymmetry implies N=4 are presented both in the on-shell and off-shell settings. We also elaborate on (super)twistor realisations for (super)manifolds on which the three-dimensional N-extended superconformal groups act transitively and which include Minkowski space as a subspace.
We investigate a minimal superspace description for 5D superconformal Killing vectors. The vielbein appropriate for AdS symmetry is discussed within the confines of this minimal supergeometry.
The first complete and explicit SO(1,9) Lorentz descriptions of all component fields contained in $\mathcal{N} = 1$, $\mathcal{N} = 2$A, and $\mathcal{N} = 2$B unconstrained scalar 10D superfields are presented. These are made possible by the discovery of the relation of the superfield component expansion as a consequence of the branching rules of irreducible representations in one ordinary Lie algebra into one of its Lie subalgebras. Adinkra graphs for ten dimensional superspaces are defined for the first time, whose nodes depict spin bundle representations of SO(1,9). An analog of Breitenloh…
In this paper we discuss off-shell representations of N-extended supersymmetry in one dimension, ie, N-extended supersymmetric quantum mechanics, and following earlier work on the subject codify them in terms of certain graphs, called Adinkras. This framework provides a method of generating all Adinkras with the same topology, and so also all the corresponding irreducible supersymmetric multiplets. We develop some graph theoretic techniques to understand these diagrams in terms of a relatively small amount of information, namely, at what heights various vertices of the graph should be "hung". …
In these lectures we discuss the supersymmetry algebra and its irreducible representations. We construct the theories of rigid supersymmetry and gave their superspace formulations. The perturbative quantum properties of the extended supersymmetric theories are derived, including the superconformal invariance of a large class of these theories. We also discuss flat directions, non-holomorphicity and the perturbative chiral effective action for N=2 Yang-Mills theory. The superconformal transformations in four dimensional superspace are derived and encoded into one superconformal Killing superfie…
Some stochastic evolutions of conformal maps can be described by SLE and may be linked to conformal field theory via stochastic differential equations and singular vectors in highest-weight modules of the Virasoro algebra. Here we discuss how this may be extended to superconformal maps of N=1 superspace with links to superconformal field theory and singular vectors of the N=1 superconformal algebra in the Neveu-Schwarz sector.
Building on the five-dimensional constructions in hep-th/0601177, we provide a unified description of four-dimensional N = 2 superconformal off-shell multiplets in projective superspace, including a realization in terms of N = 1 superfields. In particular, superconformal polar multiplets are consistently defined for the first time. We present new 4D N = 2 superconformal sigma-models described by polar multiplets. Such sigma-models realize general superconformal couplings in projective superspace, but involve an infinite tale of auxiliary N = 1 superfields. The auxiliaries should be eliminated …
We realize the exceptional superconformal algebra $CK_6$, spanned by 32 fields, inside the Lie superalgebra of pseudodifferential symbols on the supercircle $S^{1|3}$. We obtain a one-parameter family of irreducible representations of $CK_6$ in a superspace spanned by 8 fields.
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The superconformal properties of N=4 Yang-Mills theory are most naturally studied using the formalism of harmonic superspace. Superconformal invariance is shown to imply that the Green's functions of analytic operators are invariant holomorphic sections of a line bundle on a product of certain harmonic superspaces and it is argued that the theory is soluble for a class of such operators.
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A fully quantum version of the Witten-Olive analysis of the central charge in the N=1 Wess-Zumino model in $d=2$ with a kink solution is presented by using path integrals in superspace. We regulate the Jacobians with heat kernels in superspace, and obtain all superconformal anomalies as one Jacobian factor. The conserved quantum currents differ from the Noether currents by terms proportional to field equations, and these terms contribute to the anomalies. We identify the particular variation of the superfield which produces the central charge current and its anomaly; it is the variation of the…
The superspace Lagrangian formulation of N=1 supersymmetric quantum mechanics is presented. The general Lagrangian constructed out of chiral and antichiral supercoordinates containing up to two derivatives and with a canonically normalized kinetic energy term describes the motion of a nonrelativistic spin 1/2 particle with Landé g-factor 2 moving in two spatial dimensions under the influence of a static but spatially dependent magnetic field. Noether's theorem is derived for the general case and is used to construct superspace dependent charges whose lowest components give the superconformal g…
We give a formulation of linearized 11D supergravity in 4D, $N=1$ superspace keeping all eleven bosonic coordinates. The fields are fluctuations around $\mathbf M=\mathbf R^{4|4}\times Y$, where $Y$ is a background Riemannian 7-manifold admitting a $G_2$ structure. We embed the 11D fields into superfield representations of the 4D, $N=1$ superconformal algebra. These consist of the conformal graviton superfield, seven conformal gravitino superfields, a tensor hierarchy of superfields describing the 11D 3-form, and a non-abelian Kaluza-Klein vector multiplet gauging the tensor hierarchy by diffe…
We construct off-shell superconformal actions of hypermultiplets coupled with non-Abelian gauge multiplets in three-dimensional N = 3 and N = 4 projective superspaces. We establish the explicit embeddings of the N = 2 vector and adjoint chiral superfields, that constitute the N = 4 gauge multiplets, into the tropical multiplets. We also construct the action in the four-dimensional N = 2 projective superspace.
We consider an expression for the supercurrent in the superconformal formulation of N=1 supergravity. A chiral compensator provides the supersymmetric formulation of the Callan-Coleman-Jackiw (CCJ) improved stress energy tensor, when the conformal gauge is used. Superconformal and non-superconformal matter give different conservation laws of the supercurrent, when coupled to the curvature supermultiplets which underlie the local superspace geometry. This approach can be applied to any set of auxiliary fields and it is useful to classify rigid curved superspace geometries. Examples with four su…
The light-cone superspace version of the d=3, N=8 superconformal theory of Bagger, Lambert and Gustavsson (BLG) is obtained as a solution to constraints imposed by OSp(2,2|8) superalgebra. The Hamiltonian of the theory is shown to be a quadratic form of the dynamical supersymmetry transformation.
The mirror map in the D=3, N=4 supersymmetry connects the left and right SU(2) automorphism groups and also the superfield representations of the corresponding N=4 supermultiplets. The mirror N=4 harmonic superspaces use the harmonics of two SU(2) groups and two types of the Grassmann analyticity. The irreducible left and right N=4 supermultiplets are defined in these harmonic superspaces. We analyze the N=4 superconformal interactions of the gauge and matter superfields and the spontaneous breakdown of the superconformal symmetry. The most interesting superconformal action possesses the mirro…
We present a systematic method to expand in components four dimensional superconformal multiplets. The results cover all possible $\mathcal{N} = 1$ multiplets and some cases of interest for $\mathcal{N} = 2$. As an application of the formalism we prove that certain $\mathcal{N} = 2$ spinning chiral operators (also known as "exotic" chiral primaries) do not admit a consistent three-point function with the stress tensor and therefore cannot be present in any local SCFT. This extends a previous proof in the literature which only applies to certain classes of theories. To each superdescendant we a…
We suggest the $su(1,N|M)$-superconformal mechanics formulated in terms of phase superspace given by the non-compact analogue of complex projective superspace $\mathbb{CP}^{N|M}$. We parameterized this phase space by the specific coordinates allowing to interpret it as a higher-dimensional super-analogue of the Lobachevsky plane parameterized by lower half-plane (Klein model). Then we introduced the canonical coordinates corresponding to the known separation of the "radial" and "angular" parts of (super)conformal mechanics. Relating the "angular" coordinates with action-angle variables we demo…
We study four-point correlation functions of four generic half-BPS supermultiplets of N=4 SCFT in four dimensions. We use the two-particle Casimir of four-dimensional superconformal algebra to derive superconformal blocks which contribute to the partial wave expansion of such correlators. The derived blocks are defined on analytic superspace and allow us in principle to find any component of the four-point correlator. The lowest component of the result agrees with the superconformal blocks found by Dolan and Osborn.
The adS_{p+2} x S^{d-p-2} geometry of the near horizon branes is promoted to a supergeometry: the solution of the supergravity constraints for the vielbein, connection and form superfields are found. This supergeometry can be used for the construction of new superconformal theories. We also discuss the Green-Schwarz action for a type IIB string on adS_5 x S_5.
