The majority of massive stars, the progenitors of core-collapse supernovae (SNe), are found in close binary systems. Zapartas et al. (2019) modeled the fraction of hydrogen-rich, Type II SN progenitors which have their evolution affected by mass exchange with their companion, finding this to be between 1/3 and 1/2 for most assumptions. Here we study in more depth the impact of this binary history of Type II SN progenitors on their final pre-SN core mass distribution, using population synthesis simulations. We find that binary star progenitors of Type II SNe typically end their life with a larger core mass than they would have had if they had lived in isolation, because they gained mass or merged with a companion before explosion. The combination of the diverse binary evolutionary paths typically lead to a marginally shallower final core mass distribution. Discussing our results in the context of the red supergiant problem, i.e., the reported lack of detected high luminosity progenitors, we conclude that binary evolution does not seem to significantly affect the issue. This conclusion is quite robust against our variations in the assumptions of binary physics. We also predict that inferring the initial masses of Type II SN progenitors from "age-dating" its surrounding environment systematically yields lower masses compared to methods that probe the pre-SN core mass or luminosity. A robust discrepancy between the inferred initial masses of a SN progenitor from those different techniques could indicate an evolutionary history of binary mass accretion or merging.
The explosion outcome and diagnostics of core-collapse supernovae depend sensitively on the nature of the stellar progenitor, but most studies to date have focused exclusively on one-dimensional, spherically-symmetric massive star progenitors. We present some of the first core-collapse supernovae simulations of three-dimensional massive star supernovae progenitors, a 12.5- and a 15-M$_{\odot}$ model, evolved in three-dimensions from collapse to bounce through explosion with the radiation-hydrodynamic code F{\sc{ornax}}. We compare the results using those starting from three-dimensional progeni…
We infer the progenitor mass distribution for 22 historic core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) using a Bayesian hierarchical model. For this inference, we use the local star formation histories to estimate the age for each supernova (SN). These star formation histories often show multiple bursts of star formation; our model assumes that one burst is associated with the SN progenitor and the others are random bursts of star formation. The primary inference is the progenitor age distribution. Due to the limited number of historic SNe and highly uncertain star formation at young ages, we restrict our…
Type IIb supernovae are believed to originate from core-collapse progenitors having kept only a very thin hydrogen envelope. We aim to explore how some physical factors, such as rotation, metallicity, overshooting, and the initial orbital period in binaries, significantly affect the Roche lobe overflow and the formation of type IIb supernovae. It is found that binaries are the main channel that capable of producing type typeIIb supernovae progenitors in the mass range for initial masses below 20 $M_{\odot}$. The formation of type IIb supernova progenitors is extremely sensitive to the initial …
This paper presents a database of the spectroscopic- and photometric- spectral energy distributions (spec-SEDs and phot-SEDs) of the progenitors of core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe). Both binary- and single-star progenitors are included in the database. The database covers the initial metallicity ($Z$) range of 0.0001--0.03, mass range of 8--25 \dsm{}, binary mass ratio range of 0--1, and orbital period range of 0.1--10000\,days. The low-resolution spec-SEDs and phot-SEDs of single- and binary-star CCSN progenitors are included in the database. These data can be used for studying the basic para…
Connecting observations of core-collapse supernova explosions to the properties of their massive star progenitors is a long-sought, and challenging, goal of supernova science. Recently, Barker et al. (2022) presented bolometric light curves for a landscape of progenitors from spherically symmetric neutrino-driven core-collapse supernova (CCSN) simulations using an effective model. They find a tight relationship between the plateau luminosity of the Type II-P CCSN light curve and the terminal iron core mass of the progenitor. Remarkably, this allows us to constrain progenitor properties with ph…
Stars in the mass range from 8 to 10 solar masses are expected to produce one of two types of supernovae (SNe), either electron-capture supernovae (ECSNe) or core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe), depending on their previous evolution. Either of the associated progenitors retain extended and massive hydrogen-rich envelopes, the observables of these SNe are, therefore, expected to be similar. In this study we explore the differences in these two types of SNe. Specifically, we investigate three different progenitor models: a solar-metallicity ECSN progenitor with an initial mass of 8.8 solar masses, …
The dominant radioactive energy source powering Type Ia supernova light curves is expected to switch from the decay of $^{56}$Co to $^{57}$Co at very late epochs. We use archival HST images of SN1992A obtained more than 900 days after explosion to constrain its cobalt isotopic abundance ratio and compare it to the well-studied event SN2011fe. We confirm the $^{57}$Co / $^{56}$Co ratio for SN2011fe of $0.026\pm 0.004$ found by arXiv:1608.01155, consistent with a "double degenerate" progenitor scenario. For SN1992A, we find a ratio of $0.034\pm 0.010$, but the large uncertainty does not allow us…
Core-collapse supernovae showing little or no hydrogen (denoted by Type IIb and Ib, respectively) are the explosions of massive stars that have lost some or most of their outer envelopes. How they lose their mass is unclear, but it likely involves binary interaction. So far, seven progenitors of such supernovae have been identified in pre-explosion imaging (five for Type IIb events and two for Type Ib events). Here, we evolve detailed binary stellar evolution models in order to better understand the nature of these progenitors. We find that the amount of hydrogen left in the envelope at the ti…
The lowest metallicity type II supernova from the highest mass red-supergiant progenitor
红超巨星已经被证实是大多数富氢II型超新星的祖先。然而，虽然这些恒星的质量大于25 M $_\odot$，但探测到大于18 M $_\odot$的祖先仍然难以捉摸。红超巨星也有望在所有金属丰度下形成，但从低金属丰度祖先爆发的发现很少。在这里，我们报告的II型超新星，SN 2015 bs的观测，我们推断的祖先金属丰度$\leq$ 0.1 Z $_\odot$通过比较光球相光谱模型，和零年龄主序列质量17- 25 M $_\odot$通过比较星云相光谱模型。SN 2015 bs显示出正常的“平台”光变曲线形态和典型的光谱特性，暗示着它是一颗红超巨星的前身。这是第一个这样的高质量祖先的“正常”II型超新星的例子，表明高质量红超巨星爆炸和低金属量祖先之间的联系。
Erratum: Progenitor-explosion connection and remnant birth masses for neutrino-driven supernovae of iron-core progenitors (2012, ApJ, 757, 69)
对流体动力学结果的错误解释导致Ugliano等人（2012）对后备质量的错误确定，这也（在较小的水平上）影响了该论文中提供的中子星质量。Ertl et al.（2015）和Sukhbold et al.（2015）在后续工作中已经解决并纠正了这个问题。因此，建议读者使用后两篇出版物的新数据。在本勘误表的其余部分，我们详细介绍了新旧回退结果的差异，并解释了Ugliano等人（2012）原始分析中错误的起源。
The availability of updated model atmospheres for red supergiants and improvements in single and binary stellar evolution models, as well as previously unpublished data prompted us to revisit the progenitor of low-luminosity type II-Plateau supernova, SN 2008bk. Using mid-IR data in combination with dust models, we find that high temperature (4250-4500 K), high extinction (E(B-V)>0.7) solutions are incompatible with the data. We therefore favour a cool (~3500-3700 K) progenitor with a luminosity of log(L/Lsun)~4.53. Comparing with evolutionary tracks, we infer progenitor masses in the 8-10 Msu…
Excavating the Explosion and Progenitor Properties of Type IIP Supernovae via Modelling of their Optical Lightcurves
IIP型超新星（SNe）的前身是红超巨星，但它们的性质还没有很好的确定。我们采用流体动力学模型研究了八个IIP型超新星的爆炸特征，以及它们的祖先星的性质。我们使用{ \sc MESA}恒星演化程序建立演化模型，将这些模型分解，并使用{ \sc STELLA}程序模拟光学光变曲线。我们拟合的光学光变曲线，Fe II 5169日冕速度，光球速度，观测数据。最近的研究表明，IIP SNe型的祖细胞具有不超过$\sim18$ M $_{\odot}$的零年龄主序列（ZAMS）质量。我们的拟合给出了7颗超新星的祖星ZAMS质量$\leq18$ M $_{\odot}$。在以前的祖质量估计存在，从各种来源，如流体动力学建模，多波长观测，或半分析计算，我们的建模一般倾向于较低的质量值。这一结果与以前的流体动力学模拟结果相反，但与使用广义相对论辐射流体动力学代码获得的结果一致。我们确实发现了一个事件，SN 2015 ba，有一个质量接近24 M $_{\odot}$的祖先，尽管我们无法很好地拟合它。我们还推导出再现光变曲线的尾部所需的$^{56}$ Ni的量，并发现值通常大于以前的估计。总的来说，我们发现很难用一个单一的参数来描述爆炸，需要一系列的参数。
We explore a new scenario for producing stripped-envelope supernova progenitors. In our scenario, the stripped-envelope supernova is the second supernova of the binary, in which the envelope of the secondary was removed during its red supergiant phase by the impact of the first supernova. Through 2D hydrodynamical simulations, we find that $\sim$50-90$\%$ of the envelope can be unbound as long as the pre-supernova orbital separation is $\lesssim5$ times the stellar radius. Recombination energy plays a significant role in the unbinding, especially for relatively high mass systems ($\gtrsim18M_\…
Type Ibn supernovae (SNe) are a rare class of stellar explosions whose progenitor systems are not yet well determined. We present and analyze observations of the Type Ibn SN 2019kbj, and model its light curve in order to constrain its progenitor and explosion parameters. SN 2019kbj shows roughly constant temperature during the first month after peak, indicating a power source (likely circumstellar material interaction) that keeps the continuum emission hot at ~15,000K. Indeed, we find that the radioactive decay of Ni56 is disfavored as the sole power source of the bolometric light curve. A rad…
Multi-dimensional fluid flow plays a paramount role in the explosions of massive stars as core-collapse supernovae. In recent years, three-dimensional (3D) simulations of these phenomena have matured significantly. Considerable progress has been made towards identifying the ingredients for shock revival by the neutrino-driven mechanism, and successful explosions have already been obtained in a number of self-consistent 3D models. These advances also bring new challenges, however. Prompted by a need for increased physical realism and meaningful model validation, supernova theory is now moving t…
The progenitor and explosion properties of type II supernovae (SNe II) are fundamental to understand the evolution of massive stars. Special interest has been given to the range of initial masses of their progenitors, but despite the efforts made, it is still uncertain. Direct imaging of progenitors in pre-explosion images point out an upper initial mass cutoff of $\sim$18$M_{\odot}$. However, this is in tension with previous studies in which progenitor masses inferred by light curve modelling tend to favour high-mass solutions. Moreover, it has been argued that light curve modelling alone can…
Disappearance of the Progenitor of Supernova iPTF13bvn
NGC 5806中的超新星（SN）iPTF 13 bvn是第一个在爆炸前的图像中暂时与祖先候选者联系在一起的Ib型SN。我们进行了深紫外（UV）和光学哈勃太空望远镜（HST）的观测SN网站740天后爆炸。我们在光学波段探测到一个比爆炸前的物体更暗的物体。这种变暗可能不是由喷出物中的灰尘吸收产生的;因此，我们的发现证实了祖先候选者与SN的联系。在我们的数据中的对象很可能是由衰落的SN，这意味着前SN流量主要是由于祖占主导地位。我们比较我们的修订前SN测光与以前提出的祖模型。虽然二元祖细胞是有利的，模型需要完善。特别是，为了符合我们的深紫外探测极限，任何伴星都必须比晚O型星更亮，或者被新形成的尘埃所掩盖。确定的祖先特征将需要进一步的观察，以解开一个更微弱的SN及其环境的贡献。
In this work, we study the synthetic explosions of a massive star. We take a 100 M$_{\odot}$ zero--age main--sequence (ZAMS) star and evolve it until the onset of core-collapse using {\tt MESA}. Then, the resulting star model is exploded using the publicly available stellar explosion code, {\tt STELLA}. The outputs of {\tt STELLA} calculations provide us the bolometric light curve and photospheric velocity evolution along with other physical properties of the underlying supernova. In this paper, the effects of having large Hydrogen-envelope on the supernova light curve have been explored. We a…
Upper limits on bolometric luminosities of three type Ia supernova progenitors - New results in the ongoing Chandra archival search for type Ia supernova progenitors
We present gravitational wave emission predictions based on three core collapse supernova simulations corresponding to three different progenitor masses. The masses span a large range, between 9.6 and 25 Solar masses, are all initially non-rotating, and are of two metallicities: zero and Solar. We compute both the temporal evolution of the gravitational wave strains for both the plus and the cross polarizations, as well as their spectral decomposition and characteristic strains.
I present progenitor luminosities ($L$) for a sample of 112 Type II supernovae (SNe II), computed directly from progenitor photometry and the bolometric correction technique, or indirectly from empirical correlations between progenitor luminosity and [OI] $λλ$6300, 6364 line luminosity at 350 d since explosion, $^{56}$Ni mass, or absolute $V$-band magnitude at 50 d since explosion. To calibrate these correlations, I use twelve SNe II with progenitor luminosities measured from progenitor photometry. I find that the correlations mentioned above are strong and statistically significant, and allow…
