Mobile Networks today comprise of multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs), e.g., 4G LTE, Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), and the upcoming 5G-New Radio (5G-NR). The access networks of these RATs are controlled by RAT-specific entities, e.g., the resource management function located inside an individual LTE eNB is used for the eNB control, or access controllers are used for controlling WLAN Access Points. Even in the 3GPP's 5G architecture, which has a common Core supporting multiple RATs, radio access related decisions are taken independently within individual RATs. Due to the fragmented nature of control-plane in multi-RAT Radio Access Network (RAN), a unified global view of network resources is unavailable, hindering optimized allocation of resources. It also brings complexity to the features involving multiple RATs, e.g., dual connectivity. To address these issues, we introduced an SDN-based Multi-RAT RAN architecture (SMRAN) in our earlier work [arXiv:1812.11825], where the RAN control-plane is segregated from the data-plane. As part of the SMRAN architecture, we defined a logically centralized multi-RAT RAN Controller and individual RAT-specific data-plane functions. In the current work, we define a protocol, called Open5G, to be used for control and management of the SMRAN data-plane. Open5G is based on OpenFlow (OF) and OF-Config, which are commonly used protocols in the SDN-based wired networks and data centers.
In this paper, we introduce a new networking architecture called Group Centric Networking (GCN), which is designed to support the large number of devices expected with the emergence of the Internet of Things. GCN is designed to enable these devices to operate collaboratively in a highly efficient and resilient fashion, while not sacrificing their ability to communicate with one another. We do a full protocol implementation of GCN in NS3, and demonstrate that GCN utilizes up to an order of magnitude fewer network resources than traditional wireless networking schemes, while providing high conne…
Smart grid, regarded as the next generation power grid, uses two-way flows of electricity and information to create a widely distributed automated energy delivery network. In this work we present our vision on smart grid from the perspective of wireless communications and networking technologies. We present wireless communication and networking paradigms for four typical scenarios in the future smart grid and also point out the research challenges of the wireless communication and networking technologies used in smart grid
Wireless networking allows users to access information and services regardless of location and physical infrastructure. It is a fast growing technology due to its availability of wireless devices, flexibility, ease of installation and configuration. With this rapid expansion of information and Communication Technology (ICT), the consumption of energy is also increasing. In the early age of wireless technology, computing infrastructure focused on everywhere access, capacity and speed of technology. But now computing infrastructure should be energy efficient because, in wireless networking, devi…
Wireless networking is rapidly growing and becomes an inexpensive technology which allows multiple users to simultaneously access the network and the internet while roaming about the campus. In the present work, the software development of a wireless LAN(WLAN) is highlighted. This WLAN utilizes direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) technology at 902MHz RF carrier frequency in its physical layer. Cost effective installation and antijaming property of spread spectrum technology are the major advantages of this work.
Wireless charging is a technique of transmitting power through an air gap to an electrical device for the purpose of energy replenishment. Recently, the wireless charging technology has been significantly advanced in terms of efficiency and functionality. This article first presents an overview and fundamentals of wireless charging. We then provide the review of standards, i.e., Qi and Alliance for Wireless Power (A4WP), and highlight on their communication protocols. Next, we propose a novel concept of wireless charger networking which allows chargers to be connected to facilitate information…
In recent times, wireless access technology is becoming increasingly commonplace due to the ease of operation and installation of untethered wireless media. The design of wireless networking is challenging due to the highly dynamic environmental condition that makes parameter optimization a complex task. Due to the dynamic, and often unknown, operating conditions, modern wireless networking standards increasingly rely on machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms. Genetic algorithms (GAs) provide a well-established framework for implementing artificial intelligence tasks such as c…
Classical control and management plane for computer networks is addressing individual parameters of protocol layers within an individual wireless network device. We argue that this is not sufficient in phase of increasing deployment of highly re-configurable systems, as well as heterogeneous wireless systems co-existing in the same radio spectrum which demand harmonized, frequently even coordinated adaptation of multiple parameters in different protocol layers (cross-layer) in multiple network devices (cross-node). We propose UniFlex, a framework enabling unified and flexible radio and network…
To properly validate wireless networking solutions we depend on experimentation. Simulation very often produces less accurate results due to the use of models that are simplifications of the real phenomena they try to model. Networking experimentation may offer limited repeatability and reproducibility. Being influenced by external random phenomena such as noise, interference, and multipath, real experiments are hardly repeatable. In addition, they are difficult to reproduce due to testbed operational constraints and availability. Without repeatability and reproducibility, the validation of th…
Wireless Sensor Networks have some well known features such as low battery consumption, changing topology awareness, open environment, non reliable radio links, etc.In this paper, we investigate the benefits of Network Coding Wireless Sensor networking, especially resiliency.One of our main concern is the resiliency in Wireless Sensor Networks.We have seen that resiliency could be described as a multi dimensional metric \cite{5478822,erdene2011enhancing,6423640} taking parameters such as Average Delivery Ratio, Delay Efficiency, Energy Efficiency, Average Throughput and Delivery Fairness into …
This paper suggests a system architecture for wireless widearea- networking access using adhoc networking between a mobile Client node without direct connectivity to a wirelesswide- area-network and a mobile Service Provider node with connectivity to a wireless-wide-area-network. It provides a means for securely providing such adhoc wireless networking services using a Server for tunneling and routing, registration and authentication. The architecture also provides support for handoff of a Client node from one Service Provider to another with persistence of a tunnel between the Client and the …
Underwater wireless communications can be carried out through acoustic, radio frequency (RF), and optical waves. Compared to its bandwidth limited acoustic and RF counterparts, underwater optical wireless communications (UOWCs) can support higher data rates at low latency levels. However, severe aquatic channel conditions (e.g., absorption, scattering, turbulence, etc.) pose great challenges for UOWCs and significantly reduce the attainable communication ranges, which necessitates efficient networking and localization solutions. Therefore, we provide a comprehensive survey on the challenges, a…
Autonomous truck and trailer configurations face challenges when operating in reverse due to the lack of sensing on the trailer. It is anticipated that sensor packages will be installed on existing trailers to extend autonomous operations while operating in reverse in uncontrolled environments, like a customer's loading dock. Power Line Communication (PLC) between the trailer and the tractor cannot support high bandwidth and low latency communication. This paper explores the impact of using Ethernet or a wireless medium for commercial trailer-tractor communication on the lifecycle and operatio…
Several approaches can be employed to counter pervasive monitoring at large scale on the Internet. One category of approaches aims to harden the current Internet architecture and to increase the security of high profile targets (data centers, exchange points etc.). Another category of approaches aims instead for target dispersal, i.e. disabling systematic mass surveillance via the elimination of existing vantage points, thus forcing surveillance efforts to be more specific and personalized. This paper argues how networking approaches that do not rely on central entities -- but rather on sponta…
Information-Centric Networking (ICN) has emerged as a paradigm to cope with the lack of built-in security primitives and efficient mechanisms for content distribution of today's Internet. However, deploying ICN in a wireless environment poses a different set of challenges compared to a wired environment, especially when it comes to security. In this paper, we present the security issues that may arise and the attacks that may occur from different points of view when ICN is deployed in wireless environments. The discussed attacks may target both applications and the ICN network itself by exploi…
Information centric networking (ICN) proposes to redesign the Internet by replacing its host-centric design with information-centric design. Communication among entities is established at the naming level, with the receiver side (referred to as the Consumer) acting as the driving force behind content delivery, by interacting with the network through Interest message transmissions. One of the proposed advantages for ICN is its support for mobility, by de-coupling applications from transport semantics. However, so far, little research has been conducted to understand the interaction between ICN …
Next generation (5G) wireless networks are expected to support the massive data and accommodate a wide range of services/use cases with distinct requirements in a cost-effective, flexible, and agile manner. As a promising solution, wireless network virtualization (WNV), or network slicing, enables multiple virtual networks to share the common infrastructure on demand, and to be customized for different services/use cases. This article focuses on network-wide resource allocation for realizing WNV. Specifically, the motivations, the enabling platforms, and the benefits of WNV, are first reviewed…
This paper puts forth a multi-stream networking paradigm, referred to as soft-source-information-combining (SSIC), to support wireless Internet of Things (IoT) applications with ultra-reliability requirements. For SSIC networking, an SSIC dispatcher at the source dispatches duplicates of packets over multiple streams, which may be established over different physical wireless networks. If a packet on a stream cannot be decoded due to wireless interference or noise, the decoder makes available the packet's soft information. An aggregator then combines the soft information of the duplicates to bo…
Ambient backscatter communication technology has been introduced recently, and is then quickly becoming a promising choice for self-sustainable communication systems as an external power supply or a dedicated carrier emitter is not required. By leveraging existing RF signal resources, ambient backscatter technology can support sustainable and independent communications and consequently open up a whole new set of applications that facilitate Internet-of-Things (IoT). In this article, we study an integration of ambient backscatter with wireless powered communication networks (WPCNs). We first pr…
Wireless connectivity is rapidly becoming ubiquitous and affordable. As a consequence, most wireless devices are nowadays equipped with multi-connectivity, that is, availability of multiple radio access technologies (RATs). Each of these RATs has different characteristics that can be suitably utilized for different connectivity tasks. For example, a long-range low-rate RAT can be used for topology management and coordination, whereas a short-range high-rate RAT for data transmission. In this paper, we introduce a distributed consensus protocol for the hierarchical organization of Wireless Mesh…
Wireless communication is a basis of the vision of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs). Given the heterogeneity of both wireless communication technologies and CAV applications, one question that is critical to technology road-mapping and policy making is which communication technology is more suitable for a specific CAV application. Focusing on the technical aspect of this question, we present a multi-scale spatiotemporal perspective of wireless communication technologies as well as canonical CAV applications in active safety, fuel economy and emission control, vehicle automation, and veh…
In wireless communication systems (WCSs), the network optimization problems (NOPs) play an important role in maximizing system performances by setting appropriate network configurations. When dealing with NOPs by using conventional optimization methodologies, there exist the following three problems: human intervention, model invalid, and high computation complexity. As such, in this article we propose an auto-learning framework (ALF) to achieve intelligent and automatic network optimization by using machine learning (ML) techniques. We review the basic concepts of ML techniques, and propose t…
This article investigates the basic design principles for a new Wireless Network Operating System (WNOS), a radically different approach to software-defined networking (SDN) for infrastructure-less wireless networks. Departing from well-understood approaches inspired by OpenFlow, WNOS provides the network designer with an abstraction hiding (i) the lower-level details of the wireless protocol stack and (ii) the distributed nature of the network operations. Based on this abstract representation, the WNOS takes network control programs written on a centralized, high-level view of the network and…
Machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) have recently made a significant impact on improving the operations of wireless networks and establishing intelligence at the edge. In return, rare efforts were made to explore how adapting, optimizing, and arranging wireless networks can contribute to implementing ML/AI at the edge. This article aims to address this void by setting a vision on how wireless networking researchers can leverage their expertise to return the favor to edge learning. It will review the enabling technologies, summarize the inaugural works on this path, and shed …
Programmable wireless environments enable the software-defined propagation of waves within them, yielding exceptional performance potential. Several building-block technologies have been implemented and evaluated at the physical layer. The present work contributes a network-layer scheme to configure such environments for multiple users and objectives, and for any physical-layer technology. Supported objectives include any combination of Quality of Service and power transfer optimization, eavesdropping and Doppler effect mitigation, in multi-cast or uni-cast settings. Additionally, a graph-base…
This paper evaluates the feasibility of using light fidelity with multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for indoor collaborative and cooperative networking. A number of works have presentedchallenges for wireless networking with multiple UAVs such as bandwidth efficiency, security and environment amongst others. Due to this fact, there is a need to secure information and data in UAV ad hoc network (FANETs) using a secure transmission medium that guarantees bandwidth efficiency such as the light fidelity (Li-Fi). Li-Fi enables data transmission using visible light through a light emitting di…
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) can be a valuable decision-support tool for farmers. This motivated our deployment of a WSN system to support rain-fed agriculture in India. We defined promising use cases and resolved technical challenges throughout a two-year deployment of our COMMON-Sense Net system, which provided farmers with environment data. However, the direct use of this technology in the field did not foster the expected participation of the population. This made it difficult to develop the intended decision-support system. Based on this experience, we take the following position in th…
Network of Information (NetInf) is a term coined for networks which unlike contemporary network are not node centric. As the name indicates, information supersedes nodes in the network. In this report, we propose an architecture of mobile node for NetInf. We call it NetInf Mobile Node. It is an extension of the basic node architecture proposed for NetInf. It is compatible to NetInf and TCP/IP based networks. The Virtual Node Layer modules in the architecture provide support for managing mobility, power consumption of the node as well data relaying/storing services. In- ner/Outer Locator Constr…
University of Edinburgh（爱丁堡大学）；Imperial College London（伦敦帝国理工学院）
The rapid uptake of mobile devices and the rising popularity of mobile applications and services pose unprecedented demands on mobile and wireless networking infrastructure. Upcoming 5G systems are evolving to support exploding mobile traffic volumes, agile management of network resource to maximize user experience, and extraction of fine-grained real-time analytics. Fulfilling these tasks is challenging, as mobile environments are increasingly complex, heterogeneous, and evolving. One potential solution is to resort to advanced machine learning techniques to help managing the rise in data vol…
Apart from mobile cellular networks, IEEE 802.11-based wireless local area networks (WLANs) represent the most widely deployed wireless networking technology. With the migration of critical applications onto data networks, and the emergence of multimedia applications such as digital audio/video and multimedia games, the success of IEEE 802.11 depends critically on its ability to provide quality of service (QoS). A lot of research has focused on equipping IEEE 802.11 WLANs with features to support QoS. In this survey, we provide an overview of these techniques. We discuss the QoS features incor…
This report deals with security in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), especially in network layer. Multiple secure routing protocols have been proposed in the literature. However, they often use the cryptography to secure routing functionalities. The cryptography alone is not enough to defend against multiple attacks due to the node compromise. Therefore, we need more algorithmic solutions. In this report, we focus on the behavior of routing protocols to determine which properties make them more resilient to attacks. Our aim is to find some answers to the following questions. Are there any exist…
Broadcast is a fundamental operation in networks, especially in wireless Mobile Ad Hoc NETworks (MANET). For example, some form of broadcasting is used by all on-demand MANET routing protocols, when there is uncertainty as to the location of the destination node, or for service discovery. Being such a basic operation of the networking protocols, the importance of efficient broadcasting has long been recognized by the networking community. Numerous papers proposed increasingly more efficient implementation of broadcasting, while other studies presented bounds on broadcast performance. In this w…
This paper puts forth a networking paradigm, referred to as just-in-time (JIT) communication, to support client-server applications with stringent request-response latency requirement. Of interest is not just the round-trip delay of the network, but the actual request-response latency experienced by the application. The JIT framework contains two salient features. At the client side, the communication layer will 'pull' a request from the client just when there is an upcoming transmission opportunity from the network. This ensures that the request contains information that is as fresh as possib…
Wireless powered communication network (WPCN) is a new networking paradigm where the battery of wireless communication devices can be remotely replenished by means of microwave wireless power transfer (WPT) technology. WPCN eliminates the need of frequent manual battery replacement/recharging, and thus significantly improves the performance over conventional battery-powered communication networks in many aspects, such as higher throughput, longer device lifetime, and lower network operating cost. However, the design and future application of WPCN is essentially challenged by the low WPT effici…
TV white spaces refer to the allocated but locally unused TV spectrum and can be used by unlicensed devices as secondary users. Thanks to their lower frequencies (e.g., 54 -- 698 MHz in the US), communication over the TV spectrum has excellent propagation characteristics over long distances and through obstacles. These characteristics along with their wide availability make the TV white spaces a great choice and alternative to many existing wireless technologies, especially the ones that need long range and high bandwidth communication. In the last decade, there have been numerous efforts from…
Applications of Generative AI (GAI) for Mobile and Wireless Networking: A Survey
University of Ulsan（蔚山大学）；Mepco Schlenk Engineering College（梅普科施伦克工程学院）；Pusan National University（釜山国立大学）；University of Liverpool（利物浦大学）；Kyonggi University（京畿大学）；Trinity College Dublin（都柏林圣三一学院）
Traditionally, wireless network protocols have been designed for performance. Subsequently, as attacks have been identified, patches have been developed. This has resulted in an "arms race" development process of discovering vulnerabilities and then patching them. The fundamental difficulty with this approach is that other vulnerabilities may still exist. No provable security or performance guarantees can ever be provided. We develop a system-theoretic approach to security that provides a complete protocol suite with provable guarantees, as well as proof of min-max optimality with respect to a…
This paper proposes and demonstrates a PHY-layer design of a real-time prototype that supports Ultra-Reliable Communication (URC) in wireless infrastructure networks. The design makes use of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) as a means to achieve URC. Compared with Time-Division Multiple Access (TDMA), OFDMA concentrates the transmit power to a narrower bandwidth, resulting in higher effective SNR. Compared with Frequency-Division Multiple Access (FDMA), OFDMA has higher spectrum efficiency thanks to the smaller subcarrier spacing. Although OFDMA has been introduced in 802.…
The field of wireless networks has been rapidly developed during the past decade due to the increasing popularity of the mobile devices. The great demand for mobility and connectivity makes wireless networking a field whose continuous technological development is very important as new challenges and issues are arising. Many scientists and researchers are currently engaged in developing new approaches and optimization methods in several topics of wireless networking. This survey paper study works from the following topics: Cognitive Radio Networks, Interactive Broadcasting, Energy Efficient Net…
In this paper, we develop a social group utility maximization (SGUM) framework for cooperative wireless networking that takes into account both social relationships and physical coupling among users. We show that this framework provides rich modeling flexibility and spans the continuum between non-cooperative game and network utility maximization (NUM) -- two traditionally disjoint paradigms for network optimization. Based on this framework, we study three important applications of SGUM, in database assisted spectrum access, power control, and random access control, respectively. For the case …
The fifth generation (5G) wireless communication networks are currently being deployed, and beyond 5G (B5G) networks are expected to be developed over the next decade. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and, in particular, machine learning (ML) have the potential to efficiently solve the unstructured and seemingly intractable problems by involving large amounts of data that need to be dealt with in B5G. This article studies how AI and ML can be leveraged for the design and operation of B5G networks. We first provide a comprehensive survey of recent advances and future challenges that re…
This paper presents the features and benefits of legacy IPv4 network migration towards major two latest networking paradigms viz. Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) and the software-defined networking (SDN). These latest networking paradigms are the enabler of future generation networking so that the standards and requirements of fifth generation (5G) wireless networking can be achieved. Features and migration approaches of IPv6 and SDN will be separately discussed, then a joint migration approach of SDN and IPv6 network termed as SoDIP6 network migration will be presented, and the integration…
Agile networking can reduce over-engineering, costs, and energy waste. Towards that end, it is vital to exploit all degrees of freedom of wireless networks efficiently, so that service quality is not sacrificed. In order to reap the benefits of flexible networking, we propose a spatial network configuration scheme (SNC), which can result in efficient networking; both from the perspective of network capacity, and profitability. First, SNC utilizes the drone-base-stations (drone-BSs) to configure access points. Drone-BSs are shifting paradigms of heterogeneous wireless networks by providing radi…
Extensive research has been done to achieve better throughput and reliability in wireless networks, with focus on multiple-input multiple-output systems. Recently, cooperative networking techniques have been investigated to increase the performance of low-cost wireless systems by using the diversity created by different single antenna devices. However, cooperative networking requires a medium access control layer able to handle source-relay-destination communications. Wireless cooperative relaying poses several challenges, being the most important one related to the relay selection mechanism, …
Nowadays, computation is playing an increasingly more important role in the future generation of computer and communication networks, as exemplified by the recent progress in software defined networking (SDN) for wired networks as well as cloud radio access networks (C-RAN) and mobile cloud computing (MCC) for wireless networks. This paper proposes a unified concept, i.e., computation diversity, to describe the impact and diverse forms of the computation resources on both wired and wireless communications. By linking the computation resources to the communication networks based on quality of s…
With the current host-based Internet architecture, networking faces limitations in dynamic scenarios, due mostly to host mobility. The ICN paradigm mitigates such problems by releasing the need to have an end-to-end transport session established during the life time of the data transfer. Moreover, the ICN concept solves the mismatch between the Internet architecture and the way users would like to use it: currently a user needs to know the topological location of the hosts involved in the communication when he/she just wants to get the data, independently of its location. Most of the research …
Bristol Research and Innovation Laboratory, Toshiba Europe Ltd.（东芝欧洲有限公司布里斯托尔研究与创新实验室）
Mobile robots have disrupted the material handling industry which is witnessing radical changes. The requirement for enhanced automation across various industry segments often entails mobile robotic systems operating in logistics facilities with little/no infrastructure. In such environments, out-of-box low-cost robotic solutions are desirable. Wireless connectivity plays a crucial role in successful operation of such mobile robotic systems. A wireless mesh network of mobile robots is an attractive solution; however, a number of system-level challenges create unique and stringent service requi…
By all measures, wireless networking has seen explosive growth over the past decade. Fourth Generation Long Term Evolution (4G LTE) cellular technology has increased the bandwidth available for smartphones, in essence, delivering broadband speeds to mobile devices. The most recent 5G technology is further enhancing the transmission speeds and cell capacity, as well as, reducing latency through the use of different radio technologies and is expected to provide Internet connections that are an order of magnitude faster than 4G LTE. Technology continues to advance rapidly, however, and the next g…
