This article presents an investigation on the global hypoellipticity problem for systems belonging to the class $P = D_t + Q(t,D_x)$, where $Q(t,D_x)$ is a $m\times m$ matrix with entries $c_{j,k}(t)Q_{j,k}(D_x)$. The coefficients $c_{j,k}(t)$ are smooth, complex-valued functions on the torus $\mathbb{T} \simeq \mathbb{R}/2π\mathbb{Z}$ and $Q_{j,k}(D_x)$ are pseudo-differential operators on $ \mathbb{T}^n$. The approach consists in establishing conditions on the matrix symbol $Q(t,ξ)$ such that it can be transformed into a suitable triangular form $Λ(t,ξ) + \mathcal{N}(t,ξ)$, where $Λ(t,ξ)$ is the diagonal matrix $diag(λ_{1}(t,ξ) \ldots λ_{m}(t,ξ))$ and $\mathcal{N}(t,ξ)$ is a nilpotent upper triangular matrix. Hence, the global hypoellipticity of $P$ is studied by analyzing the behavior of the eigenvalues $λ_{j}(t,ξ)$ and its averages $λ_{0,j}(ξ)$, as $|ξ| \to \infty$.
We consider sums of squares operators globally defined on the torus. We show that if some assumptions are satisfied the operators are globally analytic hypoelliptic. The purpose of the assumptions is to rule out the existence of a Hamilton leaf on the characteristic variety lying along the fiber of the cotangent bundle, i.e. the case of the (global) Métivier operator.
Inspired by results of A. Bergamasco on perturbations of vector fields defined on the two-dimensional torus, and of J. Delgado and M. Ruzhansky on properties of invariant operators with respect to an elliptic operator defined on a closed manifold, we give necessary and sufficient conditions to ensure that perturbations of a globally hypoelliptic operator defined on $\T\times M$, continue to be globally hypoelliptic, where $\T$ is the flat torus and $M$ is a closed smooth manifold. For this, we analyze the behavior, at infinity, of the sequences of eigenvalues generated by the family of matrice…
In this note, by analyzing the behavior at infinity of the matrix symbol of an invariant operator $P$ with respect to a fixed elliptic operator, we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition to guarantee that $P$ is globally hypoelliptic. We also investigate relations between the global hypoellipticity of $P$ and global subelliptic estimates.
We study in this paper the global hypoellipticity property in the Gevrey category for the generalized twisted Laplacian on forms. Different from the 0-form case, where the twisted Laplacian is a scalar operator, this is a system of differential operators when acting on forms, each component operator being elliptic locally and degenerate globally. We obtain here the global hypoellipticity in anisotropic Gevrey space.
The aim of this work is to develop a global calculus for pseudo-differential operators acting on suitable algebras of generalized functions. In particular, a condition of global hypoellipticity of the symbols gives a result of regularity for the corresponding pseudo-differential equations. This calculus and this frame are proposed as tools for the study in Colombeau algebras of partial differential equations globally defined on $\mathbb{R}^n$.
In this paper, we present necessary and sufficient conditions to have global analytic hypoellipticity for a class of first-order operators defined on $\mathbb{T}^1 \times \mathbb{S}^3$. In the case of real-valued coefficients, we prove that an operator in this class is conjugated to a constant-coefficient operator satisfying a Diophantine condition, and that such conjugation preserves the global analytic hypoellipticity. In the case where the imaginary part of the coefficients is non-zero, we show that the operator is globally analytic hypoelliptic if the Nirenberg-Treves condition ($\mathcal{…
We present necessary and sufficient conditions to have global hypoellipticity and global solvability for a class of vector fields defined on a product of compact Lie groups. In view of Greenfield's and Wallach's conjecture, about the non-existence of globally hypoelliptic vector fields on compact manifolds different from tori, we also investigate different notions of regularity weaker than global hypoellipticity and describe completely the global hypoellipticity and global solvability of zero-order perturbations of our vector fields. We also present a class of vector fields with variable coeff…
In this paper we give several global characterisations of the Hormander class of pseudo-differential operators on compact Lie groups. The result is applied to give criteria for the ellipticity and the global hypoellipticity of pseudo-differential operators in terms of their matrix-valued full symbols. Several examples of the first and second order globally hypoelliptic differential operators are given. Where the global hypoelliptiticy fails, one can construct explicit examples based on the analysis of the global symbols.
Let $G_1$ and $G_2$ be compact Lie groups, $X_1 \in \mathfrak{g}_1$, $X_2 \in \mathfrak{g}_2$ and consider the operator \begin{equation*} L_{aq} = X_1 + a(x_1)X_2 + q(x_1,x_2), \end{equation*} where $a$ and $q$ are ultradifferentiable functions in the sense of Komatsu, and $a$ is real-valued. We characterize completely the global hypoellipticity and the global solvability of $L_{aq}$ in the sense of Komatsu. For this, we present a conjugation between $L_{aq}$ and a constant-coefficient operator that preserves these global properties in Komatsu classes. We also present examples of globally hypo…
We introduce a class of time-periodic Gelfand-Shilov spaces of functions on $\mathbb{T} \times \mathbb{R}^n$, where $\mathbb{T} \sim \mathbb{R} /2π\mathbb{Z}$ is the one-dimensional torus. We develop a Fourier analysis inspired by the characterization of the Gelfand-Shilov spaces in terms of the eigenfunction expansions given by a fixed normal, globally elliptic differential operator on $\mathbb{R}^n$. In this setting, as an application, we characterize the global hypoellipticity for a class of linear differential evolution operators on $\mathbb{T} \times \mathbb{R}^n$.
We study the partial Gelfand-Shilov regularizing effect and the exponential decay for the solutions to evolution equations associated to a class of accretive non-selfadjoint quadratic operators, which fail to be globally hypoelliptic on the whole phase space. By taking advantage of the associated Gevrey regularizing effects, we study the null-controllability of parabolic equations posed on the whole Euclidean space associated to this class of possibly non-globally hypoelliptic quadratic operators. We prove that these parabolic equations are null-controllable in any positive time from thick con…
In this paper, we investigate the global properties of Fourier multipliers in the setting of nonharmonic analysis of boundary value problems. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for a Fourier multiplier to be globally hypoelliptic and also to be globally solvable. As an application, we consider operators on $[0,1]^2$ with non-periodic boundary conditions and we obtain results that extend what is already known in the periodic case.
We prove an extension of Hoermander's classical result on hypoelliptic second order equations, where the coefficients of the related vector fields are globally Lipschitz and satisfy the classical Hoermander condition on a dense set while the density still exists in a classical sense. Furthermore, Hoermander's classical result and related density estimates based on Malliavin calculus are recovered from an analytical point of view.
For a class of ordinary differential operators $P$ with polynomial coefficients, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for $P$ to be globally regular in $\R$, i.e. $u\in\cS^\prime(\R)$ and $Pu\in\cS(\R)$ imply $u\in \cS(\R)$ (this can be regarded as a global version of the Schwartz' hypoellipticity notion). The condition involves the asymptotic behaviour, at infinity, of the roots $ξ=ξ_j(x)$ of the equation $p(x,ξ)=0$, where $p(x,ξ)$ is the (Weyl) symbol of $P$.
We consider degenerate Kolmogorov-Fokker-Planck operators $$ \mathcal{L}u=\sum_{i,j=1}^{q}a_{ij}(x,t)\partial_{x_{i}x_{j}}^{2}u+\sum_{k,j=1}^{N}b_{jk}x_{k}\partial_{x_{j}}u-\partial_{t}u,\qquad (x,t)\in\mathbb{R}^{N+1},N\geq q\geq1 $$ such that the corresponding model operator having constant $a_{ij}$ is hypoelliptic, translation invariant w.r.t. a Lie group operation in $\mathbb{R}^{N+1}$ and $2$-homogeneous w.r.t. a family of nonisotropic dilations. The coefficients $a_{ij}$ are bounded and Hölder continuous in space (w.r.t. some distance induced by $\mathcal{L}$ in $\mathbb{R}^{N}$) and onl…
