We study the global solvability of a class of differential complexes on the product manifold $\mathbb{T}^m \times \mathbb{R}^n$ associated with systems of evolution operators of the form $L_r = \partial_{t_r} + ia_r(t)P(x,D_x), r=1,\ldots,m,$ where the coefficients $a_r$ are real-valued Gevrey functions on the torus and $P(x,D_x)$ is a globally elliptic normal differential operator on $\mathbb{R}^n$. Within the framework of time-periodic Gelfand--Shilov spaces, we introduce a natural differential complex generated by these operators and investigate its solvability in both functional and ultradistributional settings. We provide a complete characterization of global solvability in terms of a Diophantine condition involving the constant part of the associated $1$-form and the spectrum of $P$. We also analyze global hypoellipticity of the complex. These results extend previous works on scalar operators and constant coefficient systems to the setting of differential complexes with time-dependent real coefficients.
The purpose of this article is to prove that the anti-Wick symbol of an operator mapping $ {\cal S}(\R^n)$ into ${\cal S}'(\R^n)$, which is generally not a tempered distribution, can still be defined as a Gelfand-Shilov generalized function. This result relies on test function spaces embeddings involving the Schwartz and Gelfand-Shilov spaces. An additional embedding concerning Schwartz and Gevrey spaces is also given.
We show that the solutions of SG elliptic boundary value problems defined on the complement of compact sets or on the half-space have some regularity in Gelfand-Shilov spaces. The results are obtained using classical results about Gevrey regularity of elliptic boundary value problems and Calderón projectors techniques adapted to the SG case. Recent developments about Gelfand-Shilov regularity of SG pseudo-differential operators on $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ appear in an essential way.
We show a result on propagation of the anisotropic Gelfand--Shilov wave front set for linear operators with Schwartz kernel which is a Gelfand--Shilov ultradistribution of Beurling type. This anisotropic wave front set is parametrized by two positive parameters relating the space and frequency variables. The anisotropic Gelfand--Shilov wave front set of the Schwartz kernel of the operator is assumed to satisfy a graph type criterion. The result is applied to a class of evolution equations that generalizes the Schrödinger equation for the free particle. The Laplacian is replaced by a partial di…
We consider the spatially inhomogeneous non-cutoff Kac's model of the Boltzmann equation. We prove that the Cauchy problem for the fluctuation around the Maxwellian distribution enjoys Gelfand-Shilov regularizing properties with respect to the velocity variable and Gevrey regularizing properties with respect to the position variable.
We introduce a global wave front set suitable for the analysis of tempered ultradistributions of quasianalytic Gelfand-Shilov type. We study the transformation properties of the wave front set and use them to give microlocal existence results for pull-backs and products. We further study quasianalytic microlocality for classes of localization and ultradifferential operators, and prove microellipticity for differential operators with polynomial coefficients.
In this work, we study the nonlinear spatially homogeneous Landau equation with hard potential in a close-to-equilibrium framework, we show that the solution to the Cauchy problem with $L^2$ initial datum enjoys a analytic Gelfand-Shilov regularizing effect in the class $S^1_1(\mathbb{R}^3)$, meaning that the solution of the Cauchy problem and its Fourier transformation are analytic for any positive time, the evolution of analytic radius is similar to the heat equation.
We consider the Cauchy problem for a $3$-evolution operator $P$ with $(t,x)$-depending coefficients and complex valued lower order terms. We assume the initial data to be Gevrey regular and to admit an exponential decay at infinity, that is, the data belong to some Gelfand-Shilov spaces of type $\mathscr{S}$. Under suitable assumptions on the decay at infinity of the imaginary parts of the coefficients of $P$ we prove the existence of a solution with the same Gevrey regularity of the data and we describe its behavior for $|x| \to\infty$.
We study the initial value problem for Schrödinger-type equations with initial data presenting a certain Gevrey regularity and an exponential behavior at infinity. We assume the lower order terms of the Schrödinger operator depending on $(t,x)\in[0,T]\times\R^n$ and complex valued. Under a suitable decay condition as $|x|\to\infty$ on the imaginary part of the first order term and an algebraic growth assumption on the real part, we derive global energy estimates in suitable Sobolev spaces of infinite order and prove a well posedness result in Gelfand-Shilov type spaces. We also discuss by exam…
In this work, we study the nonlinear spatially homogeneous Lan-dau equation with Maxwellian molecules, by using the spectral analysis, we show that the non linear Landau operators is almost linear, and we prove the existence of weak solution for the Cauchy problem with the initial datum belonging to Shubin space of negative index which conatins the probability measures. Based on this spectral decomposition, we prove also that the Cauchy problem enjoys Gelfand-Shilov smoothing effect, meaning that the weak solution of the Cauchy problem with Shubin class initial datum is ultra-analytics and exp…
In this paper, we study the Cauchy problem for radially symmetric homogeneous non-cutoff Boltzmann equation with Maxwellian molecules, the initial datum belongs to Shubin space of the negative index which can be characterized by spectral decomposition of the harmonic oscillators. The Shubin space of the negative index contains the measure functions. Based on this spectral decomposition, we construct the weak solution with Shubin class initial datum, we also prove that the Cauchy problem enjoys Gelfand-Shilov smoothing effect, meaning that the smoothing properties are the same as the Cauchy pro…
We provide new uncertainty principles for functions in a general class of Gelfand-Shilov spaces. These results apply, in particular, with the classical Gelfand-Shilov spaces as well as for spaces of functions with weighted Hermite expansions. Thanks to these uncertainty principles, we derive null-controllability results for evolution equations with adjoint systems enjoying smoothing effects in specific Gelfand-Shilov spaces. More precisely, we consider control subsets which are thick with respect to a quasi linearly growing density and establish sufficient conditions on the growth of the densi…
We study the partial Gelfand-Shilov regularizing effect and the exponential decay for the solutions to evolution equations associated to a class of accretive non-selfadjoint quadratic operators, which fail to be globally hypoelliptic on the whole phase space. By taking advantage of the associated Gevrey regularizing effects, we study the null-controllability of parabolic equations posed on the whole Euclidean space associated to this class of possibly non-globally hypoelliptic quadratic operators. We prove that these parabolic equations are null-controllable in any positive time from thick con…
We introduce a class of time-periodic Gelfand-Shilov spaces of functions on $\mathbb{T} \times \mathbb{R}^n$, where $\mathbb{T} \sim \mathbb{R} /2π\mathbb{Z}$ is the one-dimensional torus. We develop a Fourier analysis inspired by the characterization of the Gelfand-Shilov spaces in terms of the eigenfunction expansions given by a fixed normal, globally elliptic differential operator on $\mathbb{R}^n$. In this setting, as an application, we characterize the global hypoellipticity for a class of linear differential evolution operators on $\mathbb{T} \times \mathbb{R}^n$.
We prove that the Cauchy problem associated to the radially symmetric spatially homogeneous non-cutoff Boltzmann equation with Maxwellian molecules enjoys the same Gelfand-Shilov regularizing effect as the Cauchy problem defined by the evolution equation associated to a fractional harmonic oscillator.
We develop a convolution theory for quasianalytic ultradistributions of Gelfand-Shilov type. We also construct a special class of ultrapolynomials, and use it as a base for the parametrix method in the study of new topological and structural properties of several quasianalytic spaces of functions and ultradistributions. In particular, our results apply to Fourier hyperfunctions and Fourier ultra-hyperfunctions.
In this note, an alternative approach to establish observability for semigroups based on their smoothing properties is presented. The results discussed here are closely related to those recently obtained in [arXiv:2112.01788], but the current proof allows to get rid of several technical assumptions by following the standard complex analytic approach established by Kovrijkine combined with an idea from [arXiv:2201.02370].
This work is devoted to the study of uncertainty principles for finite combinations of Hermite functions. We establish some spectral inequalities for control subsets that are thick with respect to some unbounded densities growing almost linearly at infinity, and provide quantitative estimates, with respect to the energy level of the Hermite functions seen as eigenfunctions of the harmonic oscillator, for the constants appearing in these spectral estimates. These spectral inequalities allow to derive the null-controllability in any positive time for evolution equations enjoying specific regular…
We study the propagation in time of $1/2$-Gelfand-Shilov singularities, i.e. global analytic singularities, of tempered distributional solutions of the initial value problem \begin{align*} \begin{cases} u_t + q^w(x,D) u = 0 \\ u|_{t=0} = u_0, \end{cases} \end{align*} on $\mathbb{R}^n$, where $u_0$ is a tempered distribution on $\mathbb{R}^n$, $q=q(x,ξ)$ is a complex-valued quadratic form on $\mathbb{R}^{2n} = \mathbb{R}^n_x \times \mathbb{R}^n_ξ$ with nonnegative real part $\textrm{Re} \ q \ge 0$, and $q^w(x,D)$ is the Weyl quantization of $q$. We prove that the $1/2$-Gelfand-Shilov singularit…
In this work, we investigate the Cauchy problem for the spatially inhomogeneous non-cutoff Kac equation. If the initial datum belongs to the spatially critical Besov space, we can prove the well-posedness of weak solution under a perturbation framework. Furthermore, it is shown that the solution enjoys Gelfand-Shilov regularizing properties with respect to the velocity variable and Gevrey regularizing properties with respect to the position variable. In comparison with the recent result in [18], the Gelfand-Shilov regularity index is improved to be optimal. To the best of our knowledge, our wo…
We study propagation of phase space singularities for the initial value Cauchy problem for a class of Schrödinger equations. The Hamiltonian is the Weyl quantization of a quadratic form whose real part is non-negative. The equations are studied in the framework of projective Gelfand--Shilov spaces and their distribution duals. The corresponding notion of singularities is called the Gelfand--Shilov wave front set and means the lack of exponential decay in open cones in phase space. Our main result shows that the propagation is determined by the singular space of the quadratic form, just as in t…
Let X be a Riemannian symmetric space of the noncompact type. We prove that the solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation on X with square integrable initial condition f is identically zero at all times t whenever f and the solution at a time t0 > 0 are simultaneously very rapidly decreasing. The stated condition of rapid decrease is of Beurling type. Conditions respectively of Gelfand-Shilov, Cowling-Price and Hardy type are deduced.
We consider the anisotropic Shubin operators $(-Δ)^m + \vert x\vert^{2k}$ acting on the space $L^2(\mathbb R^n)$, with $k, m \geq1$ some positive integers. We provide sharp quantitative estimates in Gelfand-Shilov spaces for the eigenfunctions of these selfadjoint differential operators, that is, exponential decay estimates both for these functions and their Fourier transforms in $L^2(\mathbb R^n)$. The strategy implemented is based on the classical approach to obtain Agmon estimates in spectral theory. By using a Weyl law for the eigenvalues of the anisotropic Shubin operators, we also descri…
We obtain a characterization of ${\mathcal S}^{\{M_p\}}_{\{M_p\}}(\mathbb R^n)$ and $\mathcal {S}^{(M_p)}_{(M_p)}(\mathbb {R}^n)$, the general Gelfand-Shilov spaces of ultradifferentiable functions of Roumieu and Beurling type, in terms of decay estimates for the Fourier coefficients of their elements with respect to eigenfunction expansions associated to normal globally elliptic differential operators of Shubin type. Moreover, we show that the eigenfunctions of such operators are absolute Schauder bases for these spaces of ultradifferentiable functions. Our characterization extends earlier re…
We study the null-controllability of parabolic equations associated to a general class of hypoelliptic quadratic differential operators. Quadratic differential operators are operators defined in the Weyl quantization by complex-valued quadratic symbols. We consider in this work the class of accretive quadratic operators with zero singular spaces. These possibly degenerate non-selfadjoint differential operators are known to be hypoelliptic and to generate contraction semigroups which are smoothing in specific Gelfand-Shilov spaces for any positive time. Thanks to this regularizing effect, we pr…
We study global regularity and spectral properties of power series of the Weyl quantisation $a^w$, where $a(x,ξ) $ is a classical elliptic Shubin polynomial. For a suitable entire function $P$, we associate two natural infinite order operators to $a^{w}$, $P(a^w)$ and $(P\circ a)^{w},$ and prove that these operators and their lower order perturbations are globally Gelfand-Shilov regular. They have spectra consisting of real isolated eigenvalues diverging to $\infty$ for which we find the asymptotic behaviour of their eigenvalue counting function. In the second part of the article, we introduce…
Smoothed Wigner transforms have been used in signal processing, as a regularized version of the Wigner transform, and have been proposed as an alternative to it in the homogenization and / or semiclassical limits of wave equations. We derive explicit, closed formulations for the coarse-scale representation of the action of pseudodifferential operators. The resulting ``smoothed operators'' are in general of infinite order. The formulation of an appropriate framework, resembling the Gelfand-Shilov spaces, is necessary. Similarly we treat the ``smoothed Wigner calculus''. In particular this allow…
