Alphatrion conjectured that it is possible to label the vertices of an $n$-dimensional hypercube with distinct positive integers such that for every Hamiltonian path $a_1, \dots, a_{2^n},$ we have $a_i + a_{i+1}$ prime for all $i.$ We prove the conjecture by proving the more general result that a graph $G = (V, E)$ can be labeled with distinct positive integers such that the edge sum for all $e \in E$ is prime if and only if $G$ is bipartite.
Dong and Wang in [Theor. Comput. Sci. 771 (2019) 93--98] conjectured that the resulting graph of the $n$-dimensional folded hypercube $FQ_n$ by deleting any perfect matching is isomorphic to the hypercube $Q_n$. In this paper, we show that the conjecture holds when $n=2,3$, and it is not true for $n\geq4$.
Let $Q_n$ be the $n$-dimensional hypercube, and let ${\rm cr}(Q_n)$ be the \textit{crossing number} of $Q_n$. Erdős and Guy in 1973 conjectured the following equality: ${\rm cr}(Q_n)=\frac{5}{32}4^n-\lfloor\frac{n^2+1}{2}\rfloor 2^{n-2}$. In this paper, we construct a drawing of $Q_n$ with less crossings when $n>6$, which implies that for $n>6$ we have a strict inequality.
The $g$-extra edge-connectivity is an important measure for the reliability of interconnection networks. Recently, Yang et al. [Appl. Math. Comput. 320 (2018) 464--473] determined the $3$-extra edge-connectivity of balanced hypercubes $BH_n$ and conjectured that the $g$-extra edge-connectivity of $BH_n$ is $λ_g(BH_n)=2(g+1)n-4g+4$ for $2\leq g\leq 2n-1$. In this paper, we confirm their conjecture for $n\geq 6-\dfrac{12}{g+1}$ and $2\leq g\leq 8$, and disprove their conjecture for $n\geq \dfrac{3e_g(BH_n)}{g+1}$ and $9\leq g\leq 2n-1$, where $e_g(BH_n)=\max\{|E(BH_n[U])|\mid U\subseteq V(BH_n),…
We discuss the existence of vertex disjoint path coverings with prescribed ends for the $n$-dimensional hypercube with or without deleted vertices. Depending on the type of the set of deleted vertices and desired properties of the path coverings we establish the minimal integer $m$ such that for every $n \ge m$ such path coverings exist. Using some of these results, for $k \le 4$, we prove Locke's conjecture that a hypercube with $k$ deleted vertices of each parity is Hamiltonian if $n \ge k +2.$ Some of our lemmas substantially generalize known results of I. Havel and T. Dvořák. At the end of…
Feder and Subi conjectured that for any $2$-coloring of the edges of the $n$-dimensional cube, we can find an antipodal pair of vertices connected by a path that changes color at most once. We discuss the case of random colorings, and we prove the conjecture for a wide class of colorings. Our method can be applied to a more general problem, where $Q_n$ can be replaced by any graph $G$, the notion of antipodality by a fixed automorphism $ϕ\in Aut(G)$. Thus for any $2$-coloring of $E(G)$ we are looking for a pair of vertices $u,v$ such that $u= ϕ(v)$ and there is a path between them with as few …
A Hamiltonian embedding is an embedding of a graph $G$ such that the boundary of each face is a Hamiltonian cycle of $G$. It is shown that the hypercube graph $Q_n$ admits such an embedding on an orientable surface when $n$ is a power of 2. Basic necessary conditions on Hamiltonian embeddings for $Q_n$ and conjectures are made about other values of $n$.
In this paper, we show that every $(2^{n-1}+1)$-vertex induced subgraph of the $n$-dimensional cube graph has maximum degree at least $\sqrt{n}$. This result is best possible, and improves a logarithmic lower bound shown by Chung, Füredi, Graham and Seymour in 1988. As a direct consequence, we prove that the sensitivity and degree of a boolean function are polynomially related, solving an outstanding foundational problem in theoretical computer science, the Sensitivity Conjecture of Nisan and Szegedy.
We consider edge decompositions of the $n$-dimensional hypercube $Q_n$ into isomorphic copies of a given graph $H$. While a number of results are known about decomposing $Q_n$ into graphs from various classes, the simplest cases of paths and cycles of a given length are far from being understood. A conjecture of Erde asserts that if $n$ is even, $\ell < 2^n$ and $\ell$ divides the number of edges of $Q_n$, then the path of length $\ell$ decomposes $Q_n$. Tapadia et al.\ proved that any path of length $2^mn$, where $2^m<n$, satisfying these conditions decomposes $Q_n$. Here, we make progress to…
Let $n\geq 2$ be an integer, and let $i\in\{0,...,n-1\}$. An $i$-th dimension edge in the $n$-dimensional hypercube $Q_n$ is an edge ${v_1}{v_2}$ such that $v_1,v_2$ differ just at their $i$-th entries. The parity of an $i$-th dimension edge $\edg{v_1}{v_2}$ is the number of 1's modulus 2 of any of its vertex ignoring the $i$-th entry. We prove that the number of $i$-th dimension edges appearing in a given Hamiltonian cycle of $Q_n$ with parity zero coincides with the number of edges with parity one. As an application of this result it is introduced and explored the conjecture of the inscribed…
A long-standing conjecture on spanning trees of a hypercube states that a balanced tree on $2^n$ vertices with maximum degree at most $3$ spans the hypercube of dimension $n$ \cite{havel1986}. In this paper, we settle the conjecture for a special family of binary trees. A $0$-caterpillar is a path. For $k\geq 1$, a $k$-caterpillar is a binary tree consisting of a path with $j$-caterpillars $(0\leq j\leq k-1)$ emanating from some of the vertices on the path. A $k$-caterpillar that contains a perfect matching is said to be perfectly balanced. In this paper, we show that a perfectly balanced $2$-…
Recently, Huang gave a very elegant proof of the Sensitivity Conjecture by proving that hypercube graphs have the following property: every induced subgraph on a set of more than half its vertices has maximum degree at least $\sqrt{d}$, where $d$ is the valency of the hypercube. This was generalised by Alon and Zheng who proved that every Cayley graph on an elementary abelian $2$-group has the same property. Very recently, Potechin and Tsang proved an analogous results for Cayley graphs on abelian groups. They also conjectured that all Cayley graphs have the analogous property. We disprove thi…
Though embedding problems have been considered for several regular graphs, it is still an open problem for hypercube into torus. In the paper, we prove the conjecture mathematically and obtain the minimum wirelength of embedding for hypercube into Cartesian product of paths and/or cycles. In addition, we explain that Gray code embedding is an optimal strategy in such embedding problems.
Following a combinatorial observation made by one of us recently in relation to a problem in quantum information [Nakata et al., Phys. Rev. X 7:021006 (2017)], we study what are the possible intersection cardinalities of a $k$-dimensional subspace with the hypercube in $n$-dimensional Euclidean space. We also propose two natural variants of the problem by restricting the type of subspace allowed. We find that whereas every natural number eventually occurs as the intersection cardinality for some $k$ and $n$, on the other hand for each fixed k, the possible intersections sizes are governed by s…
Ruskey and Savage asked the following question: Does every matching of $Q_{n}$ for $n\geq2$ extend to a Hamiltonian cycle of $Q_{n}$? J. Fink showed that the question is true for every perfect matching, and solved the Kreweras' conjecture. In this paper we consider the question in hypercubes with faulty edges. We show that every matching $M$ of at most $2n-1$ edges can be extended to a Hamiltonian cycle of $Q_{n}$ for $n\geq2$. Moreover, we can prove that when $n\geq4$ and $M$ is nonempty this result still holds even if $Q_{n}$ has at most $n-1-\lceil\frac{|M|}{2}\rceil$ faulty edges with one …
We make some conjectures about extremal densities of daisy-free families, where a `daisy' is a certain hypergraph. These questions turn out to be related to some Turan problems in the hypercube, but they are also natural in their own right.
Let $H$ and $K$ be subsets of the vertex set $V(Q_d)$ of the $d$-cube $Q_d$ (we call $H$ and $K$ configurations in $Q_d$). We say $K$ is an \emph{exact copy} of $H$ if there is an automorphism of $Q_d$ which sends $H$ to $K$. If $d$ is a positive integer and $H$ is a configuration in $Q_d$, we define $π(H,d)$ to be the limit as $n$ goes to infinity of the maximum fraction, over all subsets $S$ of $V(Q_n)$, of sub-$d$-cubes of $Q_n$ whose intersection with $S$ is an exact copy of $H$. We determine $π(C_8,4)$ and $π(P_4,3)$ where $C_8$ is a "perfect" 8-cycle in $Q_4$ and $P_4$ is a "perfect" pat…
We develop an algorithm for efficiently computing recursively defined functions on posets. We illustrate this algorithm by disproving conjectures about the game Subset Takeaway (Chomp on a hypercube) and computing the number of linear extensions of the lattice of a 7-cube and related lattices.
A perfect matching reciprocity method for embedding multiple hypercubes in an augmented cube: Applications to Hamiltonian decomposition and fault-tolerant Hamiltonicity
It is known that the $n$-dimensional hypercube $Q_n,$ for $n$ even, has a decomposition into $k$-cycles for $k=n, 2n,$ $2^l$ with $2 \leq l \leq n.$ In this paper, we prove that $Q_n$ has a decomposition into $2^mn$-cycles for $n \geq 2^m.$ As an immediate consequence of this result, we get path decompositions of $Q_n$ as well. This gives a partial solution to a conjecture posed by Ramras and also, it solves some special cases of a conjecture due to Erde.
Let $A$ and $B$ be disjoint sets, of size $2^k$, of vertices of $Q_n$, the $n$-dimensional hypercube. In 1997, Bollobás and Leader proved that there must be $(n-k)2^k$ edge-disjoint paths between such $A$ and $B$. They conjectured that when $A$ is a down-set and $B$ is an up-set, these paths may be chosen to be directed (that is, the vertices in the path form a chain). We use a novel type of compression argument to prove stronger versions of these conjectures, namely that the largest number of edge-disjoint paths between a down-set $A$ and an up-set $B$ is the same as the largest number of dir…
A path in the hypercube $Q_n$ is said to be a geodesic if no two of its edges are in the same direction. Let $G$ be a subgraph of $Q_n$ with average degree $d$. How long a geodesic must $G$ contain? We show that $G$ must contain a geodesic of length $d$. This result, which is best possible, strengthens a theorem of Feder and Subi. It is also related to the `antipodal colourings' conjecture of Norine.
We prove the dimensional reduction conjecture of Fey, Levine, and Peres (2010) on the hypercube. The proof shows that dimensional reduction, symmetry, and regularity of the Abelian sandpile persist during the parallel toppling process. This stronger result verifies empirical observations first documented by Liu, Kaplan, and Gray (1990).
A graceful labeling of a graph $G$ with $m$ edges consists of labeling the vertices of $G$ with distinct integers from $0$ to $m$ such that, when each edge is assigned as induced label the absolute difference of the labels of its endpoints, all induced edge labels are distinct. Rosa established two well known conjectures: all trees are graceful (1966) and all triangular cacti are graceful (1988). In order to contribute to both conjectures we study graceful labelings in the context of graph games. The Graceful game was introduced by Tuza in 2017 as a two-players game on a connected graph in whi…
