There is a remarkable formula for the principal specialization of a type A Schubert polynomial as a weighted sum over reduced words. Taking appropriate limits transforms this to an identity for the backstable Schubert polynomials recently introduced by Lam, Lee, and Shimozono. This note identifies some analogues of the latter formula for principal specializations of Schubert polynomials in classical types B, C, and D. We also describe some more general identities for Grothendieck polynomials. As a related application, we derive a simple proof of a pipe dream formula for involution Grothendieck polynomials.
We show that the principal specialization of the Schubert polynomial at $w$ is bounded below by $1+p_{132}(w)+p_{1432}(w)$ where $p_u(w)$ is the number of occurrences of the pattern $u$ in $w$, strengthening a previous result by A. Weigandt. We then make a conjecture relating the principal specialization of Schubert polynomials to pattern containment. Finally, we characterize permutations $w$ whose RC-graphs are connected by simple ladder moves via pattern avoidance.
Schur polynomials are special cases of Schubert polynomials, which in turn are special cases of dual characters of flagged Weyl modules. The principal specialization of Schur and Schubert polynomials has a long history, with Macdonald famously expressing the principal specialization of any Schubert polynomial in terms of reduced words. We study the principal specialization of dual characters of flagged Weyl~modules. Our result yields an alternative proof of a conjecture of Stanley about the principal specialization of Schubert polynomials, originally proved by Weigandt.
We prove that an inclusion-exclusion inspired expression of Schubert polynomials of permutations that avoid the patterns 1432 and 1423 is nonnegative. Our theorem implies a partial affirmative answer to a recent conjecture of Yibo Gao about principal specializations of Schubert polynomials. We propose a general framework for finding inclusion-exclusion inspired expression of Schubert polynomials of all permutations.
We give a conjectured evaluation of the determinant of a certain matrix $\tilde{D}(n,k)$. The entries of $\tilde{D}(n,k)$ are either 0 or specializations $\mathfrak{S}_w(1,\dots,1)$ of Schubert polynomials. The conjecture implies that the weak order of the symmetric group $S_n$ has the strong Sperner property. A number of peripheral results and problems are also discussed.
Denote by $u(n)$ the largest principal specialization of the Schubert polynomial: $ u(n) := \max_{w \in S_n} \mathfrak{S}_w(1,\ldots,1) $ Stanley conjectured in [arXiv:1704.00851] that there is a limit $\lim_{n\to \infty} \, \frac{1}{n^2} \log u(n), $ and asked for a limiting description of permutations achieving the maximum $u(n)$. Merzon and Smirnov conjectured in [arXiv:1410.6857] that this maximum is achieved on layered permutations. We resolve both Stanley's problems restricted to layered permutations.
There has been recent interest in lower bounds for the principal specializations of Schubert polynomials $ν_w := \mathfrak S_w(1,\dots,1)$. We prove a conjecture of Yibo Gao in the setting of $1243$-avoiding permutations that gives a lower bound for $ν_w$ in terms of the permutation patterns contained in $w$. We extended this result to principal specializations of $β$-Grothendieck polynomials $ν^{(β)}_w := \mathfrak G^{(β)}_w(1,\dots,1)$ by restricting to the class of vexillary $1243$-avoiding permutations. Our methods are bijective, offering a combinatorial interpretation of the coefficients …
Regular semisimple Hessenberg varieties are a family of subvarieties of the flag variety that arise in number theory, numerical analysis, representation theory, algebraic geometry, and combinatorics. We give a "Giambelli formula" expressing the classes of regular semisimple Hessenberg varieties in terms of Chern classes. In fact, we show that the cohomology class of each regular semisimple Hessenberg variety is the specialization of a certain double Schubert polynomial, giving a natural geometric interpretation to such specializations. We also decompose such classes in terms of the Schubert ba…
We establish an equivariant quantum Giambelli formula for partial flag varieties. The answer is given in terms of a specialization of universal double Schubert polynomials. Along the way, we give new proofs of the presentation of the equivariant quantum cohomology ring, as well as Graham-positivity of the structure constants in equivariant quantum Schubert calculus.
We investigate the longstanding problem of finding a combinatorial rule for the Schubert structure constants in the $K$-theory of flag varieties (in type $A$). The Grothendieck polynomials of A. Lascoux-M.-P. Schützenberger (1982) serve as polynomial representatives for $K$-theoretic Schubert classes; however no positive rule for their multiplication is known outside the Grassmannian case. We contribute a new basis for polynomials, give a positive combinatorial formula for the expansion of Grothendieck polynomials in these glide polynomials, and provide a positive combinatorial Littlewood-Rich…
We illuminate the relation between the Bruhat order on the symmetric group and structure constants (Littlewood-Richardson coefficients) for the cohomology of the flag manifold in terms of its basis of Schubert classes. Equivalently, the structure constants for the ring of polynomials in variables $x_1,x_2,...$ in terms of its basis of Schubert polynomials. We use combinatorial, algebraic, and geometric methods, notably a study of intersections of Schubert varieties and maps between flag manifolds. We establish a number of new identities among these structure constants. This leads to formulas f…
Kazhdan-Lusztig ideals, a family of generalized determinantal ideals investigated in [Woo-Yong '08], provide an explicit choice of coordinates and equations encoding a neighbourhood of a torus-fixed point of a Schubert variety on a type A flag variety. Our main result is a Grobner basis for these ideals. This provides a single geometric setting to transparently explain the naturality of pipe dreams on the Rothe diagram of a permutation, and their appearance in: * combinatorial formulas [Fomin-Kirillov '94] for Schubert and Grothendieck polynomials of [Lascoux-Schutzenberger '82]; * the equivar…
Eulerian quasisymmetric functions were introduced by Shareshian and Wachs in order to obtain a q-analog of Euler's exponential generating function formula for the Eulerian numbers. They are defined via the symmetric group, and applying the stable and nonstable principal specializations yields formulas for joint distributions of permutation statistics. We consider the wreath product of the cyclic group with the symmetric group, also known as the group of colored permutations. We use this group to introduce colored Eulerian quasisymmetric functions, which are a generalization of Eulerian quasisy…
In this paper we give Monk rules for Macdonald polynomials which are analogous to the Monk rules for Schubert polynomials. These formulas are similar to the formulas given by Baratta (2008), but our method of derivation is to use Cherednik's interwiners. Deriving Monk rules by this technique addresses the relationship between the work of Baratta and the product formulas of Yip (2010). Specializations of the Monk formula's at $q=0$ and/or $t=0$ provide Monk rules for Iwahori-spherical polynomials and for finite and affine key polynomials.
Using Schur positivity and the principal specialization of Schur functions, we provide a proof of a recent conjecture of Liu and Wang on the $q$-log-convexity of the Narayana polynomials, and a proof of the second conjecture that the Narayana transformation preserves the log-convexity. Based on a formula of Bränd$\mathrm{\acute{e}}$n which expresses the $q$-Narayana numbers as the specializations of Schur functions, we derive several symmetric function identities using the Littlewood-Richardson rule for the product of Schur functions, and obtain the strong $q$-log-convexity of the Narayana pol…
Let $k$ and $m$ be positive integers and $λ/μ$ a skew partition. We compute the principal specialization of the skew Schur polynomials $s_{λ/μ}(x_1, \ldots, x_{k})$ modulo $q^m-1$ under suitable conditions. We interpret the results thus obtained from the viewpoint of the cyclic sieving phenomenon on semistandard Young skew tableaux of shape $λ/μ$. As an application, we deal with evaluations of the principal specialization of the skew Schur polynomials at roots of unity.
We formulate a theory of invariants for the spin symmetric group in some suitable modules which involve the polynomial and exterior algebras. We solve the corresponding graded multiplicity problem in terms of specializations of the Schur Q-functions and a shifted q-hook formula. In addition, we provide a bijective proof for a formula of the principal specialization of the Schur Q-functions.
We give new formulas for Grothendieck polynomials of two types. One type expresses any specialization of a Grothendieck polynomial in at least two sets of variables as a linear combination of products Grothendieck polynomials in each set of variables, with coefficients Schubert structure constants for Grothendieck polynomials. The other type is in terms of chains in the Bruhat order. We compare this second type to other constructions of Grothendieck polynomials within the more general context of double Grothendieck polynomials and the closely related H-polynomials. Our methods are based upon t…
We consider the example from invariant theory concerning the conjugation action of the general linear group on several copies of the $n \times n$ matrices, and examine a symmetric function which stably describes the Hilbert series for the invariant ring with respect to the multigradation by degree. The terms of this Hilbert series may be described as a sum of squares of Littlewood-Richardson coefficients. A "principal specialization" of the gradation is then related to the Hilbert series of the $\K$-invariant subring in the $\GL_n$-harmonic polynomials, where $\K$ denotes a block diagonal embe…
This paper is about a family of symmetric rational functions that form a one-parameter generalization of the classical Hall-Littlewood polynomials. We introduce two sets of (skew and non-skew) functions that are akin to P and Q Hall-Littlewood polynomials. We establish (a) a combinatorial formula that represents our functions as partition functions for certain path ensembles in the square grid; (b) symmetrization formulas for non-skew functions; (c) identities of Cauchy and Pieri type; (d) explicit formulas for principal specializations; (e) two types of orthogonality relations for non-skew fu…
This is a paper about $c$-functions and Macdonald polynomials. There are $c$-function formulas for $E$-expansions of $P_λ$ and $A_{λ+ρ}$, principal specializations of $P_λ$ and $E_μ$, for Macdonald's constant term formulas, and for the norms of Macdonald polynomials. Most of these follow from the creation formulas for Macdonald polynomials, providing alternative proofs to several results from Macdonald (2003). In addition, we prove the Boson-Fermion correspondence in the Macdonald polynomial setting and the Weyl character formula for Macdonald polynomials.
We study the dependence of a cluster algebra on the choice of coefficients. We write general formulas expressing the cluster variables in any cluster algebra in terms of the initial data; these formulas involve a family of polynomials associated with a particular choice of "principal" coefficients. We show that the exchange graph of a cluster algebra with principal coefficients covers the exchange graph of any cluster algebra with the same exchange matrix. We investigate two families of parametrizations of cluster monomials by lattice points, determined, respectively, by the denominators of th…
