arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2001.11723math.CO
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关于图数为Turán数加1的图的Erdans问题

On a problem of Erdős about graphs whose size is the Turán number plus one

Pu Qiao, Xingzhi Zhan

摘要:

我们考虑有限简单图。给定一个图$H$和一个正整数$n,$,对于表示为${\rm ex}(n,H),$的$n,$阶的$H$的图兰数是不包含$H$作为子图的$n$阶图的最大大小。1990年,Erdens提出了一个问题:“对于哪些图$H$,$n$顶点和${\rm ex}(n,H)+1$边上的每个图都包含至少两个$H$?也许这永远都是真的。“我们通过证明对于每个整数$k\ge 4,$,存在一个阶为$k$的图$H$和至少两个阶为$n$的图,使得存在一个阶为$n$且大小为${\rm ex}(n,H)+1$的图,该图恰好包含$H.$的一个副本,由$C_4$表示$4$ -圈。我们还证明了对于每一个具有$6\le n\le 11,$的整数$n$,存在一个阶为$n$、大小为${\rm ex}(n,C_4)+1$的图,它恰好包含一个$C_4,$的拷贝,但对于$n=12$或$n=13,$,在一个阶为$n$、大小为${\rm ex}(n,C_4)+1$的图中,$C_4$的最小拷贝数是$2.$

英文摘要:

We consider finite simple graphs. Given a graph $H$ and a positive integer $n,$ the Turán number of $H$ for the order $n,$ denoted ${\rm ex}(n,H),$ is the maximum size of a graph of order $n$ not containing $H$ as a subgraph. Erdős posed the following problem in 1990: "For which graphs $H$ is it true that every graph on $n$ vertices and ${\rm ex}(n,H)+1$ edges contains at least two $H$s? Perhaps this is always true." We solve the second part of this problem in the negative by proving that for every integer $k\ge 4,$ there exists a graph $H$ of order $k$ and at least two orders $n$ such that there exists a graph of order $n$ and size ${\rm ex}(n,H)+1$ which contains exactly one copy of $H.$ Denote by $C_4$ the $4$-cycle. We also prove that for every integer $n$ with $6\le n\le 11,$ there exists a graph of order $n$ and size ${\rm ex}(n,C_4)+1$ which contains exactly one copy of $C_4,$ but for $n=12$ or $n=13,$ the minimum number of copies of $C_4$ in a graph of order $n$ and size ${\rm ex}(n,C_4)+1$ is $2.$

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