A Cryogenic Silicon Interferometer for Gravitational-wave Detection
Rana X Adhikari, Odylio Aguiar, Koji Arai, Bryan Barr, Riccardo Bassiri, Garilynn Billingsley, Ross Birney, David Blair, Joseph Briggs, Aidan F Brooks, Daniel D… 展开作者
Rana X Adhikari, Odylio Aguiar, Koji Arai, Bryan Barr, Riccardo Bassiri, Garilynn Billingsley, Ross Birney, David Blair, Joseph Briggs, Aidan F Brooks, Daniel D Brown, Huy-Tuong Cao, Marcio Constancio, Sam Cooper, Thomas Corbitt, Dennis Coyne, Edward Daw, Johannes Eichholz, Martin Fejer, Andreas Freise, Valery Frolov, Slawomir Gras, Anna Green, Hartmut Grote, Eric K Gustafson, Evan D Hall, Giles Hammond, Jan Harms, Gregg Harry, Karen Haughian, Frances Hellman, Jan-Simon Hennig, Margot Hennig, Stefan Hild, Warren Johnson, Brittany Kamai, Disha Kapasi, Kentaro Komori, Mikhail Korobko, Kevin Kuns, Brian Lantz, Sean Leavey, Fabian Magana-Sandoval, Ashot Markosyan, Iain Martin, Rodica Martin, Denis V Martynov, David Mcclelland, Graeme Mcghee, Joseph Mills, Valery Mitrofanov, Manel Molina-Ruiz, Conor Mow-Lowry, Peter Murray, Sebastian Ng, Leonid Prokhorov, Volker Quetschke, Stuart Reid, David Reitze, Jonathan Richardson, Raymond Robie, Isobel Romero-Shaw, Sheila Rowan, Roman Schnabel, Merle Schneewind, Brett Shapiro, David Shoemaker, Bram Slagmolen, Joshua Smith, Jessica Steinlechner, Simon Tait, David Tanner, Calum Torrie, Joris Vanheijningen, Peter Veitch, Gavin Wallace, Peter Wessels, Benno Willke, Christopher Wipf, Hiro Yamamoto, Chunnong Zhao, Lisa Barsotti, Robert Ward, Angus Bell, Robert Byer, Andrew Wade, William Z Korth, Frank Seifert, Nicholas Smith, Dimitry Koptsov, Zeno Tornasi, Aaron Markowitz, Georgia Mansell, Terry Mcrae, Paul Altin, Min J Yap, Marielle Van Veggel, Graeme Eddolls, Edgard Bonilla, Elvis C Ferreira, Allan S Silva, Marcos A Okada, Diego Taira, Daniel Heinert, James Hough, Ken Strain, Alan Cumming, Roger Route, Daniel Shaddock, Matthew Evans, Rainer Weiss
The detection of gravitational waves from compact binary mergers by LIGO has opened the era of gravitational wave astronomy, revealing a previously hidden side of the cosmos. To maximize the reach of the existing LIGO observatory facilities, we have designed a new instrument that will have 5 times the range of Advanced LIGO, or greater than 100 times the event rate. Observations with this new instrument will make possible dramatic steps toward understanding the physics of the nearby universe, as well as observing the universe out to cosmological distances by the detection of binary black hole coalescences. This article presents the instrument design and a quantitative analysis of the anticipated noise floor.
The third-generation gravitational wave detectors are under development by operating the detector in cryogenic temperature to reduce the thermal noise. Silicon and sapphire are promising candidate materials for the test masses and suspension elements due to their remarkable mechanical and thermal properties at cryogenic temperature. Here we present the performances of the cryogenic thermal cycling and strength testing on hydroxide catalysis bonding between sapphire and silicon. Our results suggest that although these two materials have very different coefficients of thermal expansion, but if t…
We report on the cryogenic properties of a low-contraction silicon-aluminum composite, namely Japan Fine Ceramics SA001, to use as a packaging structure for cryogenic silicon devices. SA001 is a silicon--aluminum composite material (75% silicon by volume) and has a low thermal expansion coefficient ($\sim$1/3 that of aluminum). The superconducting transition temperature of SA001 is measured to be 1.18 K, which is in agreement with that of pure aluminum, and is thus available as a superconducting magnetic shield material. The residual resistivity of SA001 is 0.065 $\mathrm{μΩm}$, which is consi…
There is a common need in astroparticle experiments such as direct dark matter detection, 0ν\b{eta}\b{eta} (double beta decay without emission of neutrinos) and Coherent Neutrino Nucleus Scattering experiments for light detectors with a very low energy threshold. By employing the Neganov-Luke Effect, the thermal signal of particle interactions in a semiconductor absorber operated at cryogenic temperatures, can be amplified by drifting the photogenerated electrons and holes in an electric field. This technology is not used in current experiments, in particular because of a reduction of the sign…
Science of Cryogenic sub-Hz cROss torsion bar detector with quantum NOn-demolition Speed meter (CHRONOS)
National Central University（中央大学）；Center for High Energy and High Field (CHiP), National Central University（国立中央大学高能高场中心）；Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica（中央研究院物理研究所）；Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, High Energy Acceleration Research Organization (KEK)（高能加速器研究机构粒子核研究部）；National Institute of Physics, University of the Philippines - Diliman（菲律宾大学迪利曼分校国家物理研究所）
KAGRA is a 3-km interferometric gravitational wave telescope located in the Kamioka mine in Japan. It is the first km-class gravitational wave telescope constructed underground to reduce seismic noise, and the first km-class telescope to use cryogenic cooling of test masses to reduce thermal noise. The construction of the infrastructure to house the interferometer in the tunnel, and the initial phase operation of the interferometer with a simple 3-km Michelson configuration have been completed. The first cryogenic operation is expected in 2018, and the observing runs with a full interferometer…
Instrumental development for Cryogenic sub-Hz cROss torsion bar detector with quantum NOn-demolition Speed meter (CHRONOS)
Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica（中央研究院物理研究所）；Center for High Energy and High Field Physics (CHiP), National Central University（国立中央大学高能高场物理中心）；Department of Physics, National Central University（国立中央大学物理系）；Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)（高能加速器研究机构粒子与核研究部）；National Institute of Physics, University of the Philippines - Diliman（菲律宾大学迪利曼分校国家物理研究所）
We present the novel design of microfabricated, silicon-substrate based mirrors for use in cryogenic Fabry-Perot Interferometers (FPIs) for the mid-IR to sub-mm/mm wavelength regime. One side of the silicon substrate will have a double-layer metamaterial anti-reflection coating (ARC) anisotropically etched into it and the other side will be metalized with a reflective mesh pattern. The double-layer ARC ensures a reflectance of less than 1% at the surface substrate over the FPI bandwidth. This low reflectance is required to achieve broadband capability and to mitigate contaminating resonances f…
The Epoch of Reionization Spectrometer (EoR-Spec) is one of the instrument modules to be installed in the Prime-Cam receiver of the Fred Young Submillimeter Telescope (FYST). This six-meter aperture telescope will be built on Cerro Chajnantor in the Atacama Desert in Chile. EoR-Spec is designed to probe early star-forming regions by measuring the [CII] fine-structure lines between redshift z = 3.5 and z = 8 using the line intensity mapping technique. The module is equipped with a scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) to achieve the spectral resolving power of about RP = 100. The FPI consis…
We discuss the influence of Young's modulus temperature dependence on the number of parametrically unstable modes in a Fabry-Perot cavity of Advanced LIGO interferometer. Some unstable modes may be suppressed by changing the mirror's temperature due to temperature dependence of Young's modulus. Varying the temperature of the mirrors we can change their frequencies of the elastic modes; it, in turn, can change the number of unstable modes, leading to nonlinear effect of parametric oscillatory instability. The determination of the optimal values of the temperature variations for some elastic mod…
The EXperiment for Cryogenic Large-Aperture Intensity Mapping (EXCLAIM) is a cryogenic balloon-borne instrument that will map carbon monoxide and singly-ionized carbon emission lines across redshifts from 0 to 3.5, using an intensity mapping approach. EXCLAIM will broaden our understanding of these elemental and molecular gases and the role they play in star formation processes across cosmic time scales. The focal plane of EXCLAIM's cryogenic telescope features six μ-Spec spectrometers. μ-Spec is a compact, integrated grating-analog spectrometer, which uses meandered superconducting niobium mi…
Parametric instability is an intrinsic risk in high power laser interferometer gravitational wave detectors, in which the optical cavity modes interact with the acoustic modes of the mirrors leading to exponential growth of the acoustic vibration. In this paper, we investigate the potential parametric instability for a proposed next generation gravitational wave detector based on cooled silicon test masses. It is shown that there would be about 2 unstable modes per test mass, with the highest parametric gain of ~76. The importance of developing suitable instability suppression schemes is empha…
